A total of 53 gastric adenomas from endoscopically biopsied gastric mucosa were examined histopathologically. The average age at the time of endoscopic biopsy was 59 years, and gastric adenomas were found to be more frequent in the aged, particularly above the age of 50. The majority of adenomas occurred at the antrum. Concerning the shape of the adenomas, Yamada type II was more frequent (55%). All adenomas were accompanied by varying degree of intestinal metaplasia, and this findings suggest that gastric adenoma develops from intestinal metaplasia. In adenomas with severe atypia (grade III), endocrine cells (argyrophil and argentaffin cells) were markedly decreased or absent. Gastric adenocarcinomas coexistent with adenoma were seen in 5 (9.4%) out of 53 cases, and were more frequent in male than female patients (sex ratio, 4:1) and the average age was 61.4 years. It is suggested that there is a necessity of thorough follow-up study for definitive correlation between gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Endocrine Cells ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Stomach

Supraclavicular lymph nodes are unique in that they can attract metastases from almost anywhere in the body and most common sites of metastasis from an unknown primary source. 125 cases which had been diagnosed as metastatic supraclavicular lymph node during the period between May 1983 and August 1991, were analyzed pathologically, and following distinctive characteristics could be outlined: 1) The most frequent sites of metastasis from primary lesions are lung (43%), stomach (23%), lymphoreticular (6%), biliary (5%), esophagus (2%), and pancreas (2%). 2) Histologic examination of metastatic supraclavicular lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma (57%), squamous cell carcinoma (12%), undifferentiated carcinoma (9%), small cell carcinoma (7%), malignant lymphoma (6%), malignant melanoma (1%) and undetermined carcinoma (8%). 3) In cases that histologic types were squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and undetermined carcinoma, the most frequent primary site was lung.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Esophagus ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphoma ; Melanoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Stomach

PURPOSE: Suprapubic vibrating stimulus may improve the urinary symptom in patients with neurogenic bladder. We attempted to evaluate the suprapubic vibration effect on urodynamic study in patient with voiding dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1997 to July 1998, We have performed urodynamic studies(UDS) on 30 patients(13 males, 17 females). They had intact suprapubic sensation without lower urinary tract obstruction, who visited under the chief complaints of voiding dysfunction(frequency, voiding difficulty etc.). All patients were checked UDS before and after using a vibrating device(frequency 120Hz, mechanical output 0.081mm), which was placed on the 2?3cm above the pubic symphysis. Results of detrusor pressure were compared pre- and post-vibration at 150ml bladder filling and at strong desire to void and maximum bladder capacity. The most common underlying disease was peripheral lesions(11 cases). Results of UDS were grouped into three. Group I consisted of 11 patients with hyperactive bladder. Group II consisted of 6 patients with normal bladder, and group III consisted of 13 patients with hypoactive bladder. RESULTS: Changes of detrusor pressure at the 150ml bladder filling in group I couldn`t be measured due to early urine leakage. In group II&III, the average detrusor pressure changes of pre- and post-vibration were from 4.2+/-.6cmH2O to 3.8+/-.2cmH2O(p>0.05) and from 5.7+/-.8cmH2O to 6.7+/-.2cmH2O(p>0.05) respectively. Detrusor pressure at strong desire to void was changed from 39.0+/-8.6cmH2O to 40.0+/-0.0cmH2O in group I(p>0.05), 25.3+/-2.8cmH2O to 19.0+/-2.2cmH2O in group II(p>0.05), and from 15.0+/-.9cmH2O to 19.5+/-2.3cmH2O in group III(p<0.05). Changes of maximum bladder capacity were from 222.7+/-8.4ml to 187.5+/-1.7ml in group I(p>0.05), from the 402.0+/-2.8ml to 399.3+/-4.5ml in group II(p>0.05), and from 547.5+/-9.5ml to 520.1+/-9.6ml in group III(p<0.05). In group III, ten of the 13 patients(77%) showed the increase of detrusor pressure at strong desire to void(mean: 6.6cmH2O) and nine of the 13 patients(69%) showed the decrease in maximum bladder capacity(mean: 46.4ml)(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the use of suprapubic vibrator may be an ancillary therapeutic tool in selected patients of voiding dysfunction with hypoactive bladder.
Humans ; Male ; Pubic Symphysis ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract ; Urodynamics* ; Vibration*

This experiment is designed to find differentially expressed genes in p388D1 cells that are specific for the serum deprived state. Serum starvation induces cells to enter the quiscent state in the cell cycle and is used to arrest cell growth or synchronize the cell cycle. Differential display and ribonuclease protection assay were used to identify quantitative change in gene expression. Nineteen genes that showed a differential expression in the differential display were cloned and 7 clones were verified by a ribonuclease protection assay. Among the 7 clones clone-16 showed same expression pattern in comparison with the differential display. Deduced amino acid sequences of clone-16 had N-glycosylation motif and seems to be a secretory protein. Getting a full sequence of clone-16 is critical for the characterization of it.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; Clone Cells ; Gene Expression ; Ribonucleases ; Starvation

The authors have been developed a menu-driven FoxBASE system for surgical pathology reporting and automatic encoding in Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine. The system requires no prior knowledge of FoxBASE and is readily installed on any IBM or it's compatible personal computer. Working sheet generation is automatically accompanied by data from previous cases on the same patient. Important data which include patient name, age, sex, surgical number, hospital unit number and encoded diagnoses, are stored on the hard disk permanently; complete reports are saved on floppy diskettes. Cases can be retrieved by patient name, surgical number, hospital unit number and SNOMED codes within 0.1 second. Daily work lists and listings of incomplete cases are easily obtained. This FoxBASE system has been in use for 1 year and 6 months and resulted in increased efficiency of retrieval and gathering of basic information for specific study, cost effectiveness, markedly diminished workload of typist and very short wasting time during complete restoration of data file for hard disk failure.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of structured nursing intervention for caregivers on maintenance of intravenous (IV) infusions in infants. METHODS: The structured nursing intervention was developed through the processes of interviews with nurses from pediatric wards. To identify the effects of the developed nursing intervention, a non-synchronized non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design study was conducted with caregivers from the pediatric ward from a hospital in Seoul. Of 100 admitted infants, 50 caregivers were assigned to the intervention group and received the structured nursing intervention for maintenance of intravenous infusions in infants. The others were assigned control group and received routine care. Data were collected on patient factors, IV insertion factors, treatments, and IV related complications. The form developed for the structured nursing intervention was used by staff nurses. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, IV insertion frequency in experimental group infants was significantly lower and IV related complications decreased (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the structured nursing intervention for caregivers on maintenance of intravenous infusions may have effects on maintenance of intravenous infusions in infants, and decreasing IV related complications. This nursing intervention can be used to improve IV related problems of admitted infants.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Infant ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Child Health

PURPOSE: Several lines of evidence have indicated that perturbations of autophagy are involved in the development of many human diseases, including cancer. The autophagy-related genes (ATG) encode proteins that play important roles in autophagic processes. The aim of this study was to see whether alterations of the ATG5 protein expression and somatic mutations of the ATG5 gene are present in human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the ATG5 somatic mutations in 45 NSCLCs by performing single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). We examined the ATG5 protein expression in 45 NSCLCs by performing immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The SSCP analysis revealed no evidence of somatic mutation in the DNA sequences encoding the ATG5 gene in the 45 NSCLCs. On the immunohistochemistry, ATG5 protein was expressed in the normal bronchial epithelial cells, while it was lost in 9 (20%) of the NSCLCs. CONCLUSION: Our data indicates that ATG5 is altered in NSCLC at the expressional level, but not at the mutational level. The data also suggests that the loss of expression of ATG5 might play a role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC by altering autophagic and apoptotic cell death.
Autophagy ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Cell Death ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Proteins

PURPOSE: Mounting evidence indicates that perturbation of tyrosine phosphorylation is implicated in the development of many human diseases, including cancers. Docking proteins (DOKs) are tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins that negatively regulate tyrosine kinase signaling and they are considered to be tumor suppressors. Deletion and the altered expression of the DOK2 gene have been studied in leukemias and lung cancers. However, the somatic mutation status of the DOK2 gene has not been studied in lung cancers. The aim of this study was to see whether alterations of DOK2 protein expression and somatic mutation of the DOK2 gene are present in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed DOK2 somatic mutation in 45 NSCLCs (23 adenocarcinomas (AD) and 22 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). We examined the DOK2 protein expression in 45 NSCLCs by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: SSCP analysis revealed no evidence of somatic mutation in the DNA sequences encoding the DOK2 gene in the 45 NSCLCs. Among the informative cases, 27% and 21% of the ADs and SCCs showed allelic loss in the DOK2 locus, respectively. On the immunohistochemistry, DOK2 protein was expressed in the normal bronchial epithelial cells, while it was lost in 10 (22%) of the NSCLCs. CONCLUSION: Our data indicates that DOK2 is altered in NSCLC at the expressional level, but not at the mutational level. The data also suggests that loss of the expression of DOK2 might play roles in NSCLC development by possibly altering tyrosine kinase signaling.
Adenocarcinoma ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epithelial Cells ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukemia ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Phosphorylation ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Proteins ; Tyrosine

Mast cells are immune-mediators producing cells and involved in neovascularization of some tumors. Such roast cell is divided into two cell types: mucosal mast cell and connective tissue mast cell. There are controversies about the roles of mast cells in suppression and metastasis of some tumors (including bladder tumor). We performed bladder mucosal biopsies in 28 patients (from September 1994 to July 1996) and observed bladder mucosal mast cell responses in bladder tumor (TCC) under toluidine blue stain (x 400). Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A was consisted of bladder tumor patients (21 cases), whereas group B was the control group (7 cases). Mast cell responses, average mucosal mast cell counts in high power field, in group A and B were 1.75+/-0.25 cells/HPF, 0.29+/-0.20 cel1/HPF respectively. We observed more mast cell responses in bladder tumor patients group. But fundamental researches will be needed to elucidate the causes of mast cell activation in bladder tumor.
Biopsy ; Connective Tissue ; Humans ; Mast Cells* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tolonium Chloride ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

We report a case of carcinosarcoma involving the ureter, bladder and kidney in a 63-year-old woman. The diagnosis of carcinosarcoma was confirmed by immunohistochemical stain.
Carcinosarcoma* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Middle Aged ; Ureter* ; Urinary Bladder*