No abstract available.
Female ; Labor, Induced* ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: Recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the major nosocomial pathogens in Korea. However, there have been few studies on the epidemiology of VRE colonization among neonates. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of VRE colonization, risk factors for VRE, and how to control the spread of VRE infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 192 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of PNUH from March 2006 to March 2007. Surveillance cultures from rectal swabs for detecting VRE were obtained weekly during the study period. We analyzed the prevalence of VRE and various risk factors. RESULTS: The rate of VRE colonization among NICU patients was 25% (48/192). Thirty five of these VRE colonized patients were transferred to the NICU from other local hospitals. Compared with the non-VRE group, the risk factors associated with VRE colonization were lower birth weight, congenital heart disease, applied mechanical ventilation, use of a central venous catheter, chest tubing, a history of surgery, and use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: VRE colonization among patients admitted to the NICU is rapidly increasing. Monitoring and managing premature neonates from the beginning of the birth process, avoiding many invasive procedures, avoiding antibiotics such as vancomycin and third generation cephalosporin are important for preventing the emergence and spread of VRE colonization in the NICU.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Birth Weight ; Central Venous Catheters ; Colon ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Parturition ; Prevalence ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thorax ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and the efficacy of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, monotherapy in the treatment of moderate essential hypertension. METHOD: Amlodipine 5mg once a day was administered as a starting dose in 30 patients with essential hypertension in the morning and a one step upward titration was performed (amlodipine 10 mg once a day) was done at the end of 4weeks treatment. Final evaluation was done at 12weeks with laboratory test and echocardiogram. RESULT: Within 4weeks treatment with dose of 5mg amlodipine once a day, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was decreased(184.5+/-23.3/150.5+/-16.0mmHg,p<0.000), and the diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was also decreased significantly (109.9+/-04.6/92.3+/-11.5mmHg, P<0.001). After 12 weeks of treatment with a mean dosage of 6.6mg once a day, SBP and DBP was maintained comparing with basal level (147.0+/-15.8/88.1+/-0.9mmHg, respectively). The efficacy of amlodipine treatment was noted an excellent in 16 patients(53.3%), good in 4 patient(13.3%), fair in 4 patients(13.3%), and failed in 2 patients(6.7%). There was no significant change in heart rate before and after amlodipine treatment. (80.0+/-2.3/80.9+/-10.4 beats/minute n.s). Amlodipine had not significant effects on laboratory findings such as serum creatinine, BUN, ALT/AST, hemoglobin, leukocyte count,platelet and lipid profiles. There was facial flushing 2 patients, but no need to discontinue administration of amlodipine and all patients completed for 12weeks therapy. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that amlodipine is an effective antihypertensive agent, as monotherapy once a day in patients with moderate essential hypertension.
Amlodipine ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Creatinine ; Flushing ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Leukocytes

No abstract available.
Parathyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) is associated with various neurologic sequelae such as cerebral palsy and cortical blindness. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between the degree of PVL on MRI and clinical features or its severity. METHODS:Thirty-eight children with PVL on MRI among children brought to Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and August 1999 with development delay, cerebral palsy or epilepsy were included into the study group. We reviewed medical records of the patients including the gestational age, birth weight and neurologic sequelae. The grade for PVL was divided into 1 to 3, and it was based on abnormally increased signal intensity in periventricular white matter or a reduced amount of periventricular white matter or both, and compensatory focal ventricular enlargement. We analysed the relationship of the grade of PVL and various clinical findings. RESULTS: The age ranged from 11 months to 13 years old with a mean of 42 months. History of cesarean delivery and ventilator care were significantly frequent for the severe grade of PVL. Birth weight was significantly lower according to grade of PVL. Gestational age was lower according to the grade of PVL, but was not significant statistically. Incidence of cerebral palsy was significantly higher on the severe grade of PVL. Incidence of epilepsy and mental retardation were 34.2Yo and 23.9M, not associated with the grade of PVL. CONCLUSION: Incidence of cerebral palsy was associated with the severe grade of PVL, so we think MRI can be helpful in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43 798-805)
Adolescent ; Birth Weight ; Blindness, Cortical ; Brain* ; Busan ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medical Records ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Authors reviewed clinical records of 92 patients with tetanus from January 1974 to December 1983 at Severance Hospital and the following results wre obtained. 1) There were about 2.2 times more cases of neonatal tetanus than that of nonneonatal. The admitted cases of tetanus decreased in 1980's compared to those of 1970's. 2) The male versus female ratio was 3 : 1 not only in nonneonatal but also in neonatal teanus. 3) There was a tendency of higher mortality when the site of injury was on the central part of the body than on the distal. 4) Most cases of tetanus developed after the injury with bactrial contamination as expected, but a few cases are due to only trivial injury such as acupuncture or injection without overt contamination. 5) There was a close relationship between the incubation period and mortality in neonatal tetaus but no such definite relationship in nonneonatal tetaus. 6) The duraton of admission was about 3 weeks and the majority of deaths occureed in less than one week of admission. 7) There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the group who used tetanus antitoxin from animal and that who used human tetanus immuneglobulin.
Acupuncture ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Tetanus Antitoxin ; Tetanus*

Cellular oncogenes are expressed as an intrinsic part of the transformed or neoplastic phenotype. More than 60 of the known cellular oncogenes play a specific role in normal cellular development and differentiation. To examine the correlation between ras oncogene expression and the development of cervical cancer, this study investigated the reactivity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and carcinoma of the uterine cervix by using anti-ras P21 mouse monoclonal antibody. The expression of ras oncogene significantly increased with the grade of malignancy from 11% in severe dysplasia, 30% in carcinoma in situ, 43% in microinvasive carcinoma, to 53% in invasive cancer. The expression of ras oncogene was not correlated with histologic type, tumor size, and nodal status of cervical cancer. It was concluded that expression of ras oncogene is related to early phase of carcinogenesis and tumor invasion of carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Genes, ras* ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study was performed to be helpful in early diagnosis and treatment of the children with peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: The authors observed 36 children with peptic ulcer disease who had been admitted to Hanyang University Hospital during the 11 year 4 mont period from January 1981 to April 1992 retrospectively. The diagnosis was established in 33.3% by gastric endoscopy, in 25% by upper gastrointestinal barium study, in 11.7% by gastric endoscopy and upper gastrointestinal barium study simultaneously, and in 30% by emergency operation. RESULTS: 1) Age and sex incidence of chidlren with peptic ulcer disease(3 days to 16 years old) showed that males predominated in a proportion of 8:1 and 83.3% were 7 years of age or older. Under the age of 7, the incidence of gastric ulcer was greater than that of duodenal ulcer and above the age of 7 duodenal ulcer was 2.6 times more frequent than gastric ulcer. 2) The chief comlaints on admission were abdominal pain in 17 patients(47%), hematemesis or melena in 15 patients(25%), vomiting in 6 patients(16%). There was a tendency that abdominal pain also increased as the age increased. 3) Most common blood type among 13 patients with duodenal ulcer was Rh+O type(53.8%). 4) Of the 15 children who had gastrointestinal bleeding, 10(43.3% of duodenal ulcer) were doudenal ulcer and 4(33.3% of gastric ulcer) were gastric ulcer. Severe anemia(Hb<7g/dl) was shown in only 5 patients with duodenal ulcer. 5) According to the region of the ulcer, 20(86.9%) of 23 children with doudenal ulcer had ulcers in doudenal bulb and 8(66.7%) of 12 children with gastric ulcer had ulcers in antrum. 6) 18 children with duodenal ulcer, 7 children with gastric ulcer and 1 child with gastroduodenal ulcer had complications. Of the 26 children, bleeding occured in 10 children, perforation occured in 7 children and obstruction occured in one child. 7) 23 children were treated medically and 13 children were treated surgically. 11 patients received operation due to panperit unitis(perforation), 1 patients(71%) were treated medically, however, under 7 year of age, 5 patients(62%) received surgical treatment. Surgical methods used were primary closure(4 patients), vagotomy with pyloroplasty(1 patients), subtotal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy(7 patients) and antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy(1 patients). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is important to diagnose early peptic ulcer disease in children, who have nonspecific symptoms and signs above mentioned, to prevent possible complications including failure to thrive.
Abdominal Pain ; Barium ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Failure to Thrive ; Gastrectomy ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Male ; Melena ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer ; Vagotomy ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Kirschner's wire (K-wire) transfixation and locking hook plate fixation techniques are widely used in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes between K-wires transfixation and a locking hook plate fixation technique. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with acute ACJ dislocation managed with K-wire (56 shoulders) and locking hook plate (21 shoulders) were enrolled for this study. The mean follow-up period was 61 months. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the shoulder rating scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) was higher in patients treated with locking hook plate than with K-wires (33.2 +/- 2.7 vs. 31.3 +/- 3.4, p=0.009). In radiologic assessments, coracoclavicular distance (CCD) (7.9 mm vs. 7.7 mm, p=0.269) and acromioclavicular distance (ACD) (3.0 mm vs. 1.9 mm, p=0.082) were not statistically different from contralateral unaffected shoulder in locking hook plate fixation group, but acromioclavicular interval (ACI) was significant difference. However, there were significant differences in ACI, CCD, and ACD in K-wire fixation group (p<0.001). Eleven complications (20%) occurred in K-wire transfixation group and 2 subacromial erosions on computed tomography scan occurred in locking hook plate fixation group. CONCLUSIONS: ACJ stabilization was achieved in acute ACJ dislocations treated with K-wires or locking hook plates. Locking hook plate can provide higher UCLA shoulder score than K-wire and maintain CCD, and ACD without ligament reconstruction. K-wire transfixation technique resulted in a higher complication rate than locking hook plate.
Acromioclavicular Joint* ; Bone Wires ; California ; Dislocations* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Shoulder

One hundred eighty infants with oxygen therapy who were under 2,500gm birth weight or under 37 weeks of gestational age, were examined between January 1990 and November 1992. We performed clnical analysis and results were as follows. 1) Fifty six infants (31.1%) were diagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity. 2) The first examination was performed at 2.5 weeks of life on average, and the retinopathy of prematurity was diagnosed at 3.8 weeks on average. 3) The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity was highly associated with low birth weight (< or =1,890 gm), low gestational age ( < or =33.1 weeks), and high oxygen concentration with long duration (FiO2> or =0.4 over 1 week)(P<0.005). 4) Other associated risk factors were idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, anemia, neonatal hypoxia and sepsis.
Anemia, Neonatal ; Anoxia ; Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Oxygen ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis