Cellular oncogenes are expressed as an intrinsic part of the transformed or neoplastic phenotype. More than 60 of the known cellular oncogenes play a specific role in normal cellular development and differentiation. To examine the correlation between ras oncogene expression and the development of cervical cancer, this study investigated the reactivity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and carcinoma of the uterine cervix by using anti-ras P21 mouse monoclonal antibody. The expression of ras oncogene significantly increased with the grade of malignancy from 11% in severe dysplasia, 30% in carcinoma in situ, 43% in microinvasive carcinoma, to 53% in invasive cancer. The expression of ras oncogene was not correlated with histologic type, tumor size, and nodal status of cervical cancer. It was concluded that expression of ras oncogene is related to early phase of carcinogenesis and tumor invasion of carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Genes, ras* ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

We studied the disease status by question-naire in seoul of the pupils in two primary schools on May, 1991 and carried out statistical analysis of their results. The following results were observed: 1) Total number of answered pupil was 2330; 1103 were male and 1227 were female and the ratio of male to female was 1:1.1. Average age was 9.27 years. 2) Number of the pupil with any present described was 499(21.4%) Majority was as follows: (1) Respiratory system diseases; 358(71.1%) (2) Skin & Subcutaneous tissue diseases; 36(7.2%) (3) Circulatory system diseases; 14 (2.8%) (4) Infectious diseases; 11 (2.2%) (5) Trauma; 7 (1.4%) 3) Number of the pupil with any disease on treatment was 225 (9.7%). Majority was as follows: (1) Respiratory system diseases; 108 among 358 (2) Skin & Subcutaneous diseases; 22 among 36 (3) Infectious diseases; 11 among 11 (4) Trauma; 3 among 7 (5) Mental disorders; 1 among 6 4) Number of the pupils with the past history of diseases described was 561 (24.1%). Majority was as follows: (1) Respiratory system diseases; 217 (38.7%) (2) Infectious diseases; 105 (18.7%) (3)Trauma; 74 (13.2%) (4) Nervous system & Sense organ diseases; 39 (7.0%) (5) Digestive system diseases; 27 (4.8%) 5) Number of the pupils with the past hospitalization history was 190 (8.2%). Majority was as follows: (1) Respiratory system diseases; 48 (25.3%) (2) Trauma; 41 (21.6%) (3) Infectious diseases; 18 (9.5%) (4) Genitourinary system diseases; 9 (4.7%) (5) Digestive system diseases; 6 (3.2%) 6) Number of the pupils with the past history fo sugery was 362 (15.5%). The types of surgery of the causative diseases requiring surgery were as follows: (1) Circumcision; 98 (4.2%) (2) Trauma; 73 (3.1%) (3) Tonsillectomy & Adenectomy; 46 (2.0%) (4) Inguinal herniectomy; 25 (1.1%) (5) Appendictomy; 10 (0.4%) (6) Intussusception; 10 (0.4%) 7) Number of the pupils with hearing disturbance was 498 (21.4%), with present illness of otitis media 19 (0.82%) and with the past history of otitis media 15 (0.64). 8) Number of the pupils with visual disturbance was 498 (21.4%), with myopia 233 (10%), with hyperopia 49 (2.1%), with strabismus 16 (0.7%), color blindness 7 (0.3%). 9) Number of the pupils hoping to consult with the physicians were 446 (19.1%). The contents of their consultation were as follows: (1) Dental problems; 81 (18.0%) (2) Extremity pain; 56 (13.0%)(3) Abdominal pain; 52 (12.0%) (4) Skin disease; 34 (7.6%) (5) Headache; 30 (6.7%) 10) Number of the pupil sttended to school inspite of disease was 846 (36.3%). The caustive diseases were as follows: (1) Upper respiratory infection; 217 (25,7%) (2) Abdominal pain; 27 (3.2%) (3) Fever; 24 (2.8%) (4) Trauma; 8 (0.9%) (5) Infection (Measles, Mumps, Chicken pox et.); 6 (0.7%) .
Abdominal Pain ; Chickenpox ; Circumcision, Male ; Color Vision Defects ; Communicable Diseases ; Digestive System Diseases ; Extremities ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Hearing ; Hope ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Intussusception ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Mumps ; Myopia ; Nervous System ; Otitis Media ; Pupil* ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Respiratory System ; Sense Organs ; Seoul* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Strabismus ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tonsillectomy ; Urogenital System

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and the efficacy of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, monotherapy in the treatment of moderate essential hypertension. METHOD: Amlodipine 5mg once a day was administered as a starting dose in 30 patients with essential hypertension in the morning and a one step upward titration was performed (amlodipine 10 mg once a day) was done at the end of 4weeks treatment. Final evaluation was done at 12weeks with laboratory test and echocardiogram. RESULT: Within 4weeks treatment with dose of 5mg amlodipine once a day, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was decreased(184.5+/-23.3/150.5+/-16.0mmHg,p<0.000), and the diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was also decreased significantly (109.9+/-04.6/92.3+/-11.5mmHg, P<0.001). After 12 weeks of treatment with a mean dosage of 6.6mg once a day, SBP and DBP was maintained comparing with basal level (147.0+/-15.8/88.1+/-0.9mmHg, respectively). The efficacy of amlodipine treatment was noted an excellent in 16 patients(53.3%), good in 4 patient(13.3%), fair in 4 patients(13.3%), and failed in 2 patients(6.7%). There was no significant change in heart rate before and after amlodipine treatment. (80.0+/-2.3/80.9+/-10.4 beats/minute n.s). Amlodipine had not significant effects on laboratory findings such as serum creatinine, BUN, ALT/AST, hemoglobin, leukocyte count,platelet and lipid profiles. There was facial flushing 2 patients, but no need to discontinue administration of amlodipine and all patients completed for 12weeks therapy. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that amlodipine is an effective antihypertensive agent, as monotherapy once a day in patients with moderate essential hypertension.
Amlodipine ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Creatinine ; Flushing ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Leukocytes

Purpose: : This study aimed to identify the effects of a multifaceted pediatric delirium education program for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses on their delirium knowledge, confidence in delirium nursing, and delirium evaluation accuracy. Methods: : This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 50 nurses in two units of the PICU at S General Hospital in Seoul. All participants took a 1-hour lecture with case-based practice for the first two weeks, and received feedback as they applied the program to clinical practice over the next two weeks. Test measures were completed before and after the four week intervention period for all participants. The delirium evaluation accuracy was measured using the Korean version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and paired t-tests. Results: : After the Pediatric Delirium Education Program, nurses’ delirium knowledge (x2 =11.65, p =.001), confidence in delirium nursing (t=9.71, p＜.001), and delirium evaluation accuracy (t=6.07, p＜.001) improved significantly. Conclusions : Pediatric delirium education programs for PICU nurses were effective. For active application of the program in clinical practice in the future, various cases of childhood delirium and specific strategies for each subject must be developed. To achieve this, long-term intervention and research for multiple organizations are required.

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography*

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of fosinopril(Monopril(R)) in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. METHOD: Fosinopril(10mg) once a day was administrated as a starting dose in 20 patients with essential hypertension in the morning and a one step upward titration was performed(fosinopril 20mg once a day, after 4 weeks treatment). RESULT: After 2 weeks treatment with dose of 10mg, the systolic blood pressure(SBP) was decreased(183.8+/-28.5 vs, 161.5+/-25.9mmHg, p<0.05) and the diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was also decreased significantly(108.3+/-9.3 vs, 96.6+/-10.3mmHg, p<0.05). The effect of fosinopril were maintained. The SBP an DBP were decreased in 14 out of 20 patients till 8 weeks. There was no significant change in heart rate before and after fosinopril treatment(74.3+/-10 vs, 76.4+/-7.9beats/min). Fosinopril had no significant effects on laboratory findings such as serum creatinin, BUN, AST/ALT, WBC, Platelet and lipid profiles. Mild dry coughing was noticed only in 5 patients and it did not disturb continuing medication. CONCLUSION: Fosinopril is an effective antihypertensive agent, as monotherapy once a day in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
Blood Platelets ; Cough ; Fosinopril* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension*

Purpose: Driveline infection (DLI) is one of the major adverse events of Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD). The purpose of this study was to explore the incidence of DLI according to the driveline dressing methods. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study that investigated the medical records of 75 patients who implanted LVAD from January 2015 to December 2020 at a hospital in Seoul, Korea. Traditionally, sandwich dressing method was applied until October 2019, after which newly winded dressing method was adopted for driveline dressing to LVAD patients. The outcome variables were compared between sandwich dressing method applied group (n=41) and winded dressing method applied group (n=34). The follow-up period for DLI was 1 year. Results: When compared participants’ characteristics, there was no difference between the two groups, except the type of LVAD device. The incidence of DLI was 17.1% in sandwich dressing group, while no infection was found in winded dressing group (p=.011). Conclusion Although there were difference in the LVAD devices, it is considered that winded dressing contributed to the reduction of DLI. Further research on standardized dressing methods was required for DLI prevention in Korea.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the current status of diabetes management and the predictors for poor glycemic control in an urban area. METHODS: This study included 1,138 community-dwelling adults (> or =50 years) with diabetes, of which 584 participated in the diabetes care survey. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors predicting poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c[HbA1c]> or =7%) in the total sample and to evaluate the relationship between the history of diabetes management checkup and poor glycemic control in the diabetes care survey sample. RESULTS: Of the 1,138 patients, 53.2% had blood pressure less than 130/80 mmHg, 41.7% had fasting glucose between 70 and 130 mg/dL, 48.6% had HbA1c below 7.0%, 60.1% had triglycerides below 150 mg/dL, 41.4% had low density lipoprotein cholesterol below 100 mg/dL, and 59.1% had normoalbuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio <30 mg/g creatinine). Of the 584 patients completing the diabetes care survey, 63.9% had one or more lipid tests, 32.0% had one or more HbA1c tests, 43.8% had one or more microalbuminuria tests, and 42.5% had one or more fundoscopic examinations annually. Female gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.36), duration of diabetes (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09), and alcohol use (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06-1.85) were associated with an increased risk for poor glycemic control while age (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99) and antihypertensive medication (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.83) were associated with a decreased risk. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that glycemic control is likely to be poor in urban areas. We need to develop appropriate community-based strategies to achieve optimal glycemic control and prevent diabetes complications.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Triglycerides

The purpose of this study was to estimate average lacrimal gland size on computed tomography in korean. The subjects were 137 Koreans who were checked orbital CT in Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine from June 1990 to August 1994. The average width of lacrimal gland was 17.15 +/- 1.75mm, A-P length was 9.81 +/- 1.65mm and thickness was 4.57 +/- 0.99mm. The average width, A-P length and thickness of lacrimal gland were not statistically different between males and females(p>0.05).
Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Male ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit*

We report on a case of successful management of a patient with abdominal aortic rupture requiring massive blood transfusion during the peri-operative period. The patient had fully recovered 19 days after the operation, through intra-operative cardiac arrest and massive transfusion. We analyze a process of blood transfusion and related complications resulting from massive transfusion in order to establish a treatment for peri-operative patients with hypovolemic shock.
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Aortic Rupture ; Blood Transfusion ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Rupture* ; Shock