This study was conducted to explore the level of sexual satisfaction in married women. This is a descriptive study. The data was collected from July 19 to Aug 10, 1997 utilizing a questionnaire developed by researchers. Sexual satisfaction(alpha=.926) was measured by the Sexual satisfaction scale(Kim at el, 1997) which is consisted of 17-items. And data was analysed using SPSS/PC+ 7.5. The following is a summary of the study. 1. The study surveyed a total of 400 married women from Seoul, Kyungki do, and Pusan. The mean age of the subjects was 38.61 years with the range from 22 to 69 years. A large proportion of the subjects(69.3%) had received a high school education or further education. In terms of the marital satisfaction, 68.6% of subjects were moderately or highly satisfied; 6.8% were dissatisfied. 2. The mean score and standard deviation of the sexual satisfaction was 42.74+/-10.42 with the range from 17 to 68 score. 3. The variables influencing on sexual satisfaction were age, education level, income, job, stress, and perceived marital satisfaction.
Busan ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

Sexuality education in the period of adolescents need much care and attention. The programs of sexual education through the Internet are excellent resources for adolescents to gain the information related to their sexual health. And systematic program which is necessary for adolescents to manage their sexual health has been rarely found in Korea. The purpose of this study was to offer valuable database for program design and evaluation on sexual education of middle school students through the Internet. Needs assessment for the information of sexual education on the internet among middle school students were carried out. A questionnaire survey was conducted with respondents of 602 middle school students from January to March in 2002. In the sexual counseling center for middle school students, counseling cases through internet were analyzed and evaluated from October, 2001 to September, 2002, We have selected 16 Sexual educational websites in Seoul confirmed Korean Educational Human Resource. Contents which was illustrated in 16 sexual educational websites were analyzed and evaluated by 12 sexual counselors. Design and evaluation of the program on the internet for sexuality education of adolescences was conducted on the basis of this study results by middle school expert teachers, sexual counselors, sexuality education professionals. Data was statistically analyzed using dBSTAT 4.0 for Windows.The extent and phase of the teaching-learning program of the sexuality education on the internet was seen as follows :1. We evaluated to need for sexuality education on the internet by middle school student.2. We assessed the properness of sexuality education curriculum on the internet frequently used by middle school students.3. We designed teaching strategy and learning program for sexuality education of the middle school students. 4. We developed the assessment method for the teaching-learning program of the sexuality education in adolescences on the internet.Middle school students responded that sexual education through Internet is needed in the order of programs related to acquaintances with opposite sex, Sexual culture and ethics, Sexual health, Reproductive health structure and development, Marriage and family, Psychology of Sexuality, Pregnancy and birth. In the internet counseling, cases on the 'reproductive health structure and development' was ranked as the top. In short we have found the most needs as follows; Meaning of the marriage life and having family, Sexes and Love, Human relation, Sexual Culture.We recommend as follows on the basis of this study results: 1. It is necessary for sexuality education program on the internet to specify acccording to age and target the specific individual needs. 2. Sexual educators have to employ various educational materials such as flash, cartoon, multimedia in order to provide effective sexuality education. 3. Internet based sex education need to be evaluated regularly through reassessment of the effectiveness of sexuality education for content quality and richness.
Adolescent ; Counseling ; Curriculum ; Education* ; Ethics ; Friends ; Humans ; Internet* ; Korea ; Learning ; Love ; Marriage ; Multimedia ; Needs Assessment ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproductive Health ; Seoul ; Sex Education ; Sexuality*

No abstract available.
Situs Inversus*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of high dose carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) on the hepatotoxic effect of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) which induces acute hemorrhagic necrosis in liver. Rats were injected intraperitoneally DMN dissolved in physiologic saline by a dose of 40 mg/kg. For changes related to CCI⁴ pretreatment, rats were injected intraperitoneally CCI⁴ dissolved in olive oil by a dose of 0.4 mg/kg, and then injected DMN. The livers were extracted from the rats 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after CCI⁴ and/ or DMN injection. Liver tissues were examined with light and electron microscopes. The results were summarized as follows; Light microscopic findings: Severe centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis developed from 12 hours after injection of DMN and continued to 120 hours. On injection of DMN after CCI4 pretreatment, Massive necrosis occurred early. But active regenerative changes were produced in 24 hours. In 120 hours, the liver recovered in almost normal appearance. The degree of necrosis in pretreated group was similar to that in DMN injection only, and the time of recovery was faster in pretreated group. Electron microscopic findings: The early change was mainly disorganization of RER in DMN injection, and clumping and vesicular dilatation of ER in injection of CCI4. In pretreatment group, the early change was similar in appearance with CCI4 group, but severer in degree. According to the results, it was revealed that acute toxic effect of DMN was recovered more rapidly in pretreatment group. Thus it was suggested that CCI4 had protective effect in DMN hepatotoxicity.
Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride* ; Carbon* ; Dilatation ; Dimethylnitrosamine ; Hepatocytes* ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Olive Oil ; Rats

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors associated with symptoms from job stress among Korean dental laboratory technicians. METHODS: We collected the data of 786 technicians for life-style, job stressor, social support, self-esteem, personality, and various dimension of stress symptoms included roomatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility by self-administerd questionnaire. Global severity index of dental technician (GSID) was calculated by total sum of sub-dimension. RESULTS: We used 80 percentile as a cut-off point, and got the 81.5 % of sensitivity, 86.1 % of specificity by receiver operating characteristic curve. The odds ratios of various factors in high group of GSID compared with low group were 1,49(95 % Cl 1.00-2.00) for smoker, 1,53 (1.06-2.21) for unhealthy group, 6,69 (4.74-9.44) for work overload, 8.34(5.82-11.97) for work demand, 9.89 (6.76-74.94) for work process, 8.27 (5.80-11,79) for work environment, 5.82 (4.04-8.39) for interpersonal relationship, 8.34 (5.82-11.97) for occupational conflict, 5.70 (4.04-8.04) for labor remuneration, 7.58 (5.37-10.71) for role conflict, but 0.39 (0.27-0.57) for social support, 0.41 (0.29-0.60) for self-esteem. By multiple logistic regression, factors were significantly associated with GSID were age, working area, role overload, work demand, work procedure, physical environment, occupational conflict, role conflict, social support, personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with symptoms from stress were role overload, work demand, work procedure, occupational conflict, interpersonal relationship, labor remuneration and role conflict in Korean dental laboratory technicians. It is suggested that health promotion program to reduce job stress and to enforce social support and self-esteem should be developed.
Anxiety ; Dental Technicians ; Depression ; Health Promotion ; Hostility ; Humans ; Laboratories, Dental* ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Questionnaires ; Remuneration ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

We studied clinicopathologic features of 44 cases of PM (proper muscle) gastric cancer, correlated the lymph node metastasis and found the result of immunohistochemical staining for tumor angiogenesis using antibodies to Factor VIII-related antigen and nm23-H1, known as meatastasis inhibitory substance. The results were as follows: 1) The average age of these 44 cases of PM gastric cancer was 55.1 years old (range 35-81). The ratio of male to female was 2.2 : 1. The tumor was located at the antrum of stomach in 72.7% of the cases. The average size of the tumor was 4.1 cm (range 0.6-9). The gross features were comprised of Borrmann type I (6.8%), II (29.6%), III (56.8%), IV (6.8%), respectively. The microscopic type was a diffuse type in 70.5% and an intestinal type in 29.5%. There were lymph node metastasis in 25 of the 44 cases (56.8%). 2) The microvessel count was higher in the lymph node positive group (average 69.3) than in the lymph node negative group (average 45.6) (P=0.004). There was a higher microvessel density in diffuse type, over 4 cm of tumor size, proximally located tumor, older than 50 years, Borrmann type II and IV, but there was no statistically significant correlation. 3) The more decreased expression of nm23-H1 was found in the lymph node positive group (56.0%) than in the lymph node negative group (31.6%), but showed no statistical significance (P=0.0142). There was no significant correlation between the expression of nm23-H1 and the other clinicopathologic factors. We suggest that the microvessel count of the tumor angiogenesis may be a prognostic factor for predicting lymph node metastasis and also help to determine the therapeutic modalities of PM gastric cancer.
Antibodies ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Male ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; von Willebrand Factor

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a community-based group smoking cessation program among adult smokers in a rural community. METHOD: The study design was quasi-experimental with a pre and posttest. A total of 55 adult smokers participated in the study. They were evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after the program to identify the long-term effectiveness of the program. The program consisted of a total of 5 sessions provided twice a week. To test the effectiveness of the program, urine creatinine, expired air carbon monoxide, nicotine dependence, and smoking-related knowledge were used as dependent variables. Data was analyzed with the SPSS 10.0 program with a t-test, paired t-test, and Scheffe test. RESULT: Urine creatinine, expired air carbon monoxide, and nicotine dependence were significantly decreased after the program. Also, the rates of continuous abstinence were 81.8% at posttest, 65.5% at 1 month, 54.5% at 3 months, and 54.5% at 6 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: This community-based group smoking cessation program implemented by a nurse and smoking cessation counselors was effective for quitting smoking and decreasing urine creatinine and nicotine dependence. Therefore, this smoking cessation program could be recommended to induce smoking cessation as health promotion management in the rural community.
Adult ; Aged ; Breath Tests ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Cotinine/urine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Education as Topic ; Rural Population ; Smoking/prevention & control/*psychology ; Smoking Cessation/*methods ; Tobacco Use Disorder/*therapy ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a smoking cessation program on the amount of smoking and nicotine dependence and the self-efficacy of smoking cessation for smoking workers. METHODS: The total number of subjects was 38 smokers and was divided into two: 16 smokers were placed in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. A nonequivalent control group pretestposttest design was used. The smoking cessation program consisted of two sessions and was implemented for two hours daily for five days. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN 11.0 program with Chi2-test, t-test or Mann-Whitney U and ANCOVA. RESULTS: After the treatment, those belonging to the experimental group showed a significantly decreased amount of smoking, a decreased nicotine dependency and increased self-efficacy compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The smoking cessation program was effective for diminishing the amount of smoking, decreasing nicotine dependence and improving self-efficacy. Therefore, this program is recommended as a smoking cessation strategy for adult smokers.
Adult ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Education as Topic ; *Self Efficacy ; Smoking/*psychology ; Smoking Cessation/*methods/psychology ; Tobacco Use Disorder/*prevention & control

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Hypertension, Renovascular* ; Renal Artery*