Trachea is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium which usually expresses a complex mixture of stratified as well as simple epithelial-type cytokeratins. In the present work, the cytokeratin expressions was studied immunohistochemically in the tracheal epithelium and gland of human fetus at 14, 26 and 32 weeks of gestation. The primary antibodies used were CK7, 8, 10, 14, 18, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. In PAS-hematoxylin stain, the tracheal eithelium was composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar type and consisted of surface, intermediate and basal layers regardless of gestational ages. The PAS positive cells, however, were decreased in number in proportion to gestational ages. The tracheal gland was not fully differentiated at 14 weeks of gestation, and had well differentiated secretory portions consisting mucous and serous cells at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation. The mucous cells and luminal border of the duct were positive for PAS stain. The tracheal eithelium showed different immunoreactivity between cartilageous and membranous portions. In general, CK7 and 5D3 were expressed in surface cells, AE8 in intermediate cells, and MNFl16 and AE3 in the cells of all layers. At 14 weeks of gestation, the tracheal epithelium immunoreacted for CK7, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The premordium of tracheal gland was positive for 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The tracheal epithelium at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation showed same staining properties to those at 14 weeks of gestation. The duct cells at 26 weeks of gestation were immunoreactive for CK7, 8, 14, 18, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3, and those at 32 weeks of gestation were immunoreactive for CK7, 14, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The acinar cells at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation were positively stained for CK7, 8, 18, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. These results suggest that CK7 and 5D3 may serve as useful markers for mature cilated cells, AE8 (CKl3) for immature ciliated cells, and CKl4 for duct cells in tracheal epithelium and gland.
Acinar Cells ; Antibodies ; Epithelium* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins* ; Phenobarbital ; Pregnancy ; Trachea

Esthetics ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; Mandibular Reconstruction ; Mouth ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Ixodes* ; Tick Bites* ; Ticks*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Capillaries* ; Rats*

The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal fit of provisional restorations by differentiating the removal time and setting temperature during resin polymerization. After mixing autopolymerizing methyl metharcrylate resin, the material was placed in a preformed resin shell crown. The crown was seated on a die with 1mm shoulder margin. Crowns were removed after 3,4,5,6 minutes and polymerization was continued under the following conditions : 25degrees C air,30degrees C, 40degrees C, 50degrees C,60degrees C,70degrees C water. After polymerization, the crown was sectioned. The marginal & occlusal discrepancies were measured. The mean marginal discrelpancies at 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes and 6 minutes of removing time were 96.6micrometer,84.6micrometer, 86.7micrometer and 105.6micrometer.The mean occlusal discrepancies at 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes and 6 minutes of removing time were 106.7micrometer, 89.3micrometer, 98.6micrometer and 127.7micrometer.There was significant difference between 4 minutes group and 6 minutes group in occlusal discrepancies. The mean marginal & occlusal discrepancies for crowns polymerized in 25degrees C air were 98.2micrometer and 124.1micrometer. The crowns polymerized in 50degrees C water demonstrated the smallest marginal & occlusal discrepancies. The mean value of marginal & occlusal discrepancies in 50degrees C water were 73.1micrometer and 77.5micrometer. These values were smaller than that of 25degrees C air.There were significant differences in the occlusal discrepancies between 25degrees C air and water conditions of 50degrees C water (alpha=0.05) but, no significant differences in marginal discrepancies. There was no significant difference in the interaction between time and temperature. 4 minutes waiting time & 50degrees C water polymerizing condition produces the best fit at the margin of the provisional crown.
Crowns* ; Polymerization* ; Polymers* ; Shoulder ; Water

After the identification by Snyder of specific opiate receptors it the substantia gelatinosa of the posterior horn of the spinal cord, Behar et al. reported that small doses of epidural morphine are effective in treatment of acute and chronic pain. We have administered 3~5 mg of epidural morphine as a single dose with 1.5~2 % lidocaine to 40 patients as a continuous lumber epidural anesthesia and to 20 patients as a single caudal anesthesia. All the patients had remarkable relief of pain and we can confirm that there was no loss of sensation to temperature, touch or pinprick. However the dosage (3. 4 or 5 mg) of morphine administrated did not affect the duration of postoperative pain relief. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured up to 15 minutes after morphine injection at 5 minutes intervals, but were not significantly changed. PaO2, PaCO2 pH and base excess were also not significantly changed.
Anesthesia, Caudal ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Chronic Pain ; Heart Rate ; Horns ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lidocaine ; Morphine* ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Receptors, Opioid ; Sensation ; Spinal Cord ; Substantia Gelatinosa

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Humans

The free flaps have been used for reconstruction of the head and neck because of their superior results comparing with other types of flaps. Among them, radial forearm free flap has many advantages, its thinness, pliablilty, long vascular pedicle, large sensory flap, and compound flap including tendons and bone. We report 28 cases of head and neck reconstruction with radial forearm free flap between March 1991 and March 1997. Patient's age ranged from 21 to 76 years(mean 50.5 years). There were 23 men and 5 women. Mean follow-up period was 14 months. The most common cause was malignant tumor of the head and neck, especially squamous cell carcinomas(18 cases). We used this flap to reconstruct the oral cavity in 13 cases, the hypopharyngoesophagus in 6 cases, external surface of the head and neck in 7 cases, and the orbit in 2 cases. All of these flaps survived without complication. Two cases of fistula developed, in which forearm flaps were used for tongue and hypopharyngoesophageal reconstruction, and they were treated with conservative manners. Partial losses of skin graft at donor site of the forearm developed in 3 cases. They healed with split-thickness skin graft or local flap. The function of reconstructed upper aerodigestive tract and eye socket was good. The cosmetic result was not good in cases of reconstruction for external surface of the face with this flap, but it was better than other free flaps. So, we concluded the radial forearm free flap is available for reconstruction of the head and neck.
Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm* ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Head* ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; Neck* ; Orbit ; Skin ; Tendons ; Thinness ; Tissue Donors ; Tongue ; Transplants

STATEMENTS OF PROBLEM: All ceramic fixed partial denture cores can be made by the slip casting method and the advanced alumina tape method. The fracture resistance of these core connector areas is relatively low. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to standardize the appropriate volumetric figure and location of the connectors in the alumina core fabricated in alumina tape to be used in fixed partial dentures by way of topology optimization. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A maxillary anterior three-unit bridge alumina core with teeth form and surrounding periodontal apparatus model was used to ultimately design the most structurally rigid form of the connector. Loadings from a 0 degree, 45 degrees and 60 degrees to the axis of each tooth were applied and analyzed with the 3-D finite element analysis method. Using the results from these experiments, the topology optimization was applied and the optimal reinforcement layout of connector was obtained and the detail shape in the fixed partial denture core was designed. RESULTS: The modified prosthesis with the form of a bulk in the lower lingual surface of the connector in the event, reduced the stress concentration up to 20% in the 3-D FEA. CONCLUSION: The formation of a bulk in the lower lingual connector area of an alumina core for a fixed partial denture decreases the stress to a clinically favorable measure but does not harm the esthetic point of view. This result illustrates the possibility of clinical application of the modified form designed by the topology optimization method.
Aluminum Oxide* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Ceramics* ; Denture, Partial, Fixed* ; Finite Element Analysis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Goldenhar Syndrome*