PURPOSE: To describe soft-tissue radiographic and high-resolution CT findings of radiation-induced lung injury of rabbit over time and to correlate them with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 rabbits were irradiated in the right lung with one fraction of 2000 cGy. After 4, 6, 12, 20, 24 weeks, 3 rabbits in each group were sacrificed and soft-tissue radiographs and high-resolution CT of their lung tissue were obtained. Radiological findings were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: On soft- tissue radiogram, radiation pneumonitis shown as consolidation with air-bronchogram occurred in 3 cases after 6 weeks, and in 1 case after 12 weeks of irradiation. In addition, pneumonic consolidation with adjacent pleural contraction was seen in 2 cases after 12 weeks of irradiation. Fibrotic changes indicated by decreased volume occurred after 20 weeks and combined bronchiectatic change and bronchial wall thickening appeared after 20 weeks(N=1), and 24 weeks(N=3). HRCT findings of radiation pneumonitis were homogeneous, increased attenuation after 4 weeks(N=3), 6 and 12 weeks (each N=I), patchy consolidation after 6 and 12 weeks(each N=2), discrete consolidation after 12, 20 and 24 weeks(each N=I) and solid consolidation after 20 and 24 weeks(each N=2). Pathologically radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary congestion were seen after 4 and 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, collagen and reticulin fibers were detected along alveolar wall. Mixed radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis were detected after 12 weeks. 20 weeks after irradiation, fibrosis was well defined in interstitium and in 24 weeks, decreased number of alveoli and thickening of bronchial wall were defined. CONCLUSION: Radiation pneumonitis was provoked 4 weeks after irradiation on rabbit lung and progressed into radiation fibrosis 20 weeks after irradiation on soft-tissue radiographs and high-resolution CT. High-resolution CT is more precise in detecting early radiation pneumonitis and detailed pathologic findings.
Collagen ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Lung Injury ; Lung* ; Rabbits ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Reticulin

OBJECTIVE: To report the pregnancy which was made by in vitro fertilization using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: Six oocytes were retrieved and all were fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Six embryos were transferred and the pregnancy was confirmed. CONCLUSION: It is envisaged that the availability of recombinant gonadotropins and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists will ultimately lead to shorter, cheaper and safer treatments, using reduced dosages.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis*

Thymic cyst is relatively rare tumor which usually occurs in the neck or mediastinum. Cervical thymic cyst is usually situated laterally and deep to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, simulating a branchial cyst. Thymic cyst of the mediastinum is usually detected incidentally and differential diagnoses include cystic degeneration of thymoma, and cystic teratoma. Two case of a cervical and a mediastinal thymic cysts were reported. The one was a cervical thymic cyst developed slowly growing mass in a 53-year-old male a for 10 years. The cyst was unilocular and measures 5.4x2.9x2.8 cm with columnar or squamous cell linings. The other is a mediastinal thymic cyst developed in a 37-year-old female with chest discomfort for 7 months. The cyst was uniocular and measures 2.8x2.2x2.0 cm. The epithelial lining of the cyst was largely desquamated and covered by macrophages with cholesterol granuloma. Involutional thymic stissue in their walls were noted in both cysts. In both cases presence of thymic tissue in the wall of the cyst thought to be the most important diagnostic feature.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cysts

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphologic findings of the labrum and capsuloligamentous structures in the normal and unstable shoulders and to compare the effectiveness of double contrast arthrographic findings which were taken with supine and prone position. We reviewed the computerized tomographic arthrogram in 9 cases of normal shoulder and l3 cases of shoulder instability. We evaluated the shape of the labrum, the attachment of anterior capsule and the amount of capsular laxity. Capsular laxity was compared each others in normal, the unidirectional instability and the multidirectional instability. Among these materials, we simultaneously performed CT arthrogram with supine and prone position and evaluated which is more reliable and accurate. Scapular inclination was ahout 25 degrees in the supine position and ahout 60 degrees in the prone position. Normal glenoid labrum varied in size and shape, so its lack of a classic appearance might not indicate a labral tear. Variations existed in the anterior capsular attachment onto the glenoid. The anterior capsule was used to attach far away from the glenoid rim. but it might not indicate an anterior instability. With the prone position, the labral lesion took more excellent visualization due to the contrast coating on the glenoid labrum in both anterior and posterior. Anterior capsular expansion was seen well with prone position in anterior instability. In summary, for proper interpretation of the instability, awareness of the morphologic variations of the labrum and capsuloligamentous structure is important. CT double contrast arthrography with prone position has made a significant contribution to improving and easing the documentation of variety of anatomic abnormalities. Now we recommend the prone position in CT arthrogram for imaging glenoid labrum pathology in shoulder instability.
Arthrography ; Pathology ; Prone Position ; Shoulder* ; Supine Position

Spinal epidural abscess is an uncommon, but a significant disease due to its high morbidity and mortality rate if not diagnosed in time. Although early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is needed for better prognosis of this disease, the diagnosis of spinal epidural abscess is often elusive despite modern medical advances, and depends on a high index of suspicion. we report a case of lumbar spinal epidural abscess of unknown origin complicated by cauda equina syndrome.
Cauda Equina* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Epidural Abscess* ; Mortality ; Polyradiculopathy* ; Prognosis

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry, the serum lipid levels and the nutrient intakes of two groups according to their alcohol intake, smoking habits, regular exercise patterns, menopause status and obesity levels. The subjects consisted of 180 clinically normal adults (males 89, females 91) in the Youngdong area. There were significant differences in the triglyceride (TG) concentrations between the alcohol consumers (169.3 +/- 130.0 mg/dl) and the non-alcohol consumers (111.4 +/- 64.5 mg/dl), and the smokers (165.0 +/- 103.6 mg/dl) and the non-smokers (110.8 +/- 39.0 mg/dl). Although regular exercise did not affect the serum lipid levels, the dietary intakes of cholesterol, niacin and phosphate were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the male exercising group than in the male non-exercising group ; and female exercising group consumed more polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05) than the female non-exercising group. The waist/hip ratio, serum total cholesterol (198.4 +/- 36.3 mg/dl) and serum LDL-cholesterol (119.5 +/- 34.9 mg/dl) levels of the postmenopausal females were significantly higher than those of the premenopausal females (p < 0.01). The obese males showed higher serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL, and relative cholesterol levels than those of the normal-weight males ; and the obese females showed higher serum TG levels than that of the normal-weight females (p < 0.01). These results suggested that drinking, smoking, menopause and obesity are risk factors for hyperlipidemia. Thus, moderation in alcohol consumption, non-smoking, regular exercise and the maintenance of normal weight are necessary to prevent hyperlipidemia in middle-aged people.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Anthropometry* ; Cholesterol ; Drinking* ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Male ; Menopause* ; Niacin ; Obesity* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha*

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease associated with a marked increase in cancer susceptibility, especially cancer of the colorectum. The frequency of HNPCC in the general population is yet to be determined, but HNPCC may account for as much as 2% to 5% of colorectal cancer, Colorectal cancer in HNPCC differs from sporadic colorectal cancer by an early age of cancer onset, proximal predominance of colorectal cancer, an excess of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer, and excess extra-colonic cancers. We have found 5 HNPCC families since 1992 when we reported first HNPCC family (KHU-Hl) In order to register the patients of HNPCC and to review the clinicopathologic feature and appropriate management, we have analysed 5 HNPCC families. Five HNPCC families included 16 colorectal cancer patients(14 males and 2 females). The average age of first diagnosis was 39. Among 16 patients, 8 patient were operated at the KyungHee University hospital and their operative and pathologic records were available. Two synchronous and seven metachronous cancers were founded, so that eight patients had 15 colorectal cancer lesions. Ten cancers were located proximal to splenic flexure and five were distal. Partial resection of colon was performed in seven cases except one when the first diagnosis was made and recurrence was founded in 5 patients. Recurrence was treated by total colectomy in 3 cases and subtotal colectomy in two. In conclusion, we re-confirmed that HNPCC patient should be treated by no less than a subtotal colectomy because of high multiplicity and high recurrence rate of partial resection.
Colectomy ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) that histologically resembles nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma has been reported in various sites including the stomach, salivary gland, lung, skin, thymus, tonsil and uterine cervix. LELC of the stomach was rarely reported after the first report by Burke et al. in 1990. More than 60% of them were associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Most commonly affecting elderly Asians with slight male predominance (M/F ; 1.2/1), it usually is located in the proximal portion of the stomach and distinguished from lymphoid-rich adenocarcinoma by the absence of definitive glandular differentiation in the LELC. We recently experienced 4 cases of LELC of the stomach associated with EBV. Patients consisted of two Korean females and two Korean males with one in 3rd decade, one in 5th decade and two in 6th decade. The tumors of all cases were located in the proximal portion of the stomach. Gross types were 1 Borrman type I, 2 Borrman type II and 1 early gastric carcinoma type IIc. The size of the tumors varied from 0.8 cm to 7 cm. Microscopic findings were similar in all 4 tumors.; The tumors were composed of syncytial nests of undifferentiated cells having vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, admixed with abundant lymphoplasma cell infiltration in the stroma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were reactive for cytokeratin and the stromal lymphocytes were mostly T cells. There were dark hybridization signals in the nuclei of most of the tumor cells but no signals in the stromal lymphocytes in three cases on in situ PCR hybridization and on all cases PCR amplification for EBNA-1. It is concluded that LELCs of the stomach have distinctive histologic characteristics and the usual association with EBV. Further accumulation of these cases will define the prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Keratins ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Palatine Tonsil ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Salivary Glands ; Skin ; Stomach* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymus Gland