No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: For a rapid transfusion, pressure is sometimes applied to packed red blood cells during the operation. However, there are neither standard guidelines nor reported data regarding adequate change interval of transfusion kits. The aim of this study is to present relevant data by simulating a surgical situation. METHODS: Each unit of packed red blood cells was mixed with 50 mL of normal saline. Pressure (250 mmHg) was applied to the mixed red blood cells. Each filtration time was measured without change of the transfusion kit. The weight of the mixed red blood cells was measured before and after administration. The passed blood was examined microscopically for detection of possible microaggregation. Eight transfusion sets were tested with 70 packed red blood cells. RESULTS: International guidelines have recommended replacement of the transfusion set if flow rate decreased to less than 100 mL/min. The flow rate of five transfusion sets was recorded as less than 100 mL/min. The flow rate of the third packed red blood cells decreased to less than 100 mL/min. No microaggregate was detected. CONCLUSION: Therefore, we recommended replacement of the blood filter after filtering two units of packed red blood cells with pressure under operation room circumstances.
Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Filtration

No abstract available.
Angiofibroma* ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Lasers, Gas* ; Sirolimus* ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

Use of the Hamburger-Salmon soft agar assay method for in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing was tried. In this assay, double soft agar was used to culture 9 human urologic tumors, including 2 renal adenocarcinomas, one Wilms' tumor, 4 bladder transitional cell carcinomas, one paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma and one penile squamous cell carcinoma. Among these cancers, Wilms' tumor and penile carcinoma grew to the extent that they could be used in chemosensitivity testing in soft agar (> or =30 colonies per control plate). It is concluded from this study that in vitro chemosensitivity testing by colony formation assay may be a useful tool in the treatment of urologic cancers, but more experiences should be gathered.
Adenocarcinoma ; Agar ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Urinary Bladder ; Urologic Neoplasms ; Wilms Tumor

PURPOSE: The conventional surgical treatment for patients with potentially curable low rectal cancer is abdominoperineal resection. Recently there has been increasing interest in the use of preoperative radiation therapy and sphincter-saving procedure as primary therapy for selected low rectal cancers. We report our institutional experience with this approach. METHODS: From 1995 to 1997, Twelve patients with resectable distal rectal cancer were offered sphincter-saving procedure, excluding the patients whose pretreatment tumor presentation demonstrated fixation to anal sphincter or puborectalis muscle. The distance from the anal verge to the distal tumor margin at initial diagnosis ranged from 1 to 5 cm. Patients received a median 50.4 Gy and chemotherapy Surgery was carried out 4 to 8 weeks after radiation. RESULTS: No patient had toxic reaction that required interruption of chemoradiation. Four patients (33%) had complete pathologic response, but one patient with complete clinical response had residual cancer. Seven patients underwent hand-sewn coloanal anastomosis and five patients transanal excision en bloc. All patients were able to successfully undergo a sphincter-saving procedure. With a mean follow-up of 23 months (range, 6~32), the authors noted no recurrence or complication. Sphincter function was good in 92%. Daily bowel movements was two (range, 1~10). CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemoradiation appears promising in terms of better patient compliance, lesser toxicity, and downstaging tumor, making the sphincter-saving procedure feasible in carefully selected cases. Surgical resection remains essential to confirm and to achieve complete clinical remission. The results of preoperative chemoradiation and sphinctersaving procedure are encouraging, but more experience is needed to determine whether this approach ultimately has similar local control and survival rate compared to standard surgery.
Anal Canal ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Patient Compliance ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

A 2-month-old male patient visited with recurrent erythematous papules and pustules on face and neck that had developed 20 days after birth. Direct microscopic examination on smears for pustules showed forms of yeasts and culture yielded Malassezia sympodialis. Applying topical 2% ketoconazole cream for 15 days showed marked clinical improvement. We report this case of neonatal Malassezia pustulosis which be would probably improperly termed as neonatal acne with the review of literature.
Acne Vulgaris ; Humans ; Infant ; Ketoconazole ; Malassezia* ; Male ; Neck ; Parturition ; Yeasts

The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between personal exposure of toluene at workplace and the concentration of hippuric acid in urine of male solvent workers. The study groups are 60 toluene exposed workers who worked at video tape factory and printing factory. The results are as follows: 1. The coefficient of correlation between toluene concentration of personal exposure and concentration of urinary hippuric acid was 0.649 (regression equation Y=0.015X+0.936, Y=urinary hippuric acid concentration, X=Toluene concentration of personal exposure). 2. Urinary hippuric acid concentration of workers with TLV 100 ppm of toluene was calculated 2.44 g/L by the regression equation (Y=0.015X+0.936).
Humans ; Male* ; Toluene*

One author's name is misspelled. Correct Seungho Rhu into Seungho Ryu.

A large number of viruses belonging to Genus Hantavirus in Family Bunyaviridae are etiologic agents for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Belgrade (BEL), Puumala (PUU) serotype viruses are well known causative agents for HFRS in Eurasian continent. Among those viruses Hantaan and Seoul serotypes are well known to cause HFRS in Korea, but there are some sporadic incidence by other than Hantaan or Seoul viruses. Recently we have developed the combined Hantaan-Puumala virus vaccine to prevent world-wide occurring HFRS. This combined vaccine is formalin inactivated, suckling mouse and suckling hamster brain extracts for Hantaan and Puumala viruses, respectively. Protein contents of this purified candidate vaccine is 27 microgram/ml, which contains 1,024 ELISA antigen units to each virus, but content of myelin basic protein which is causing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is legs than 0.1 ng/ml. Thirty hamsters were given twice at one month interval intra-muscularly and bled on 30 days after each vaccination from retro-orbital sinus vein. Antibody titers were tested against 5 major serotype viruses, Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses by IFA and PRNT. The mean IF antibody titers on 30 days after primary shot were 78.4, 68.8, 68.8, 37.9, and 15.6; mean neutralizing antibody titers were 65.4, 12, 6.1, 65.6 and 0.5 against Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses, respectively. The mean IF antibody titers on 30 days after booster shot were 686.9, 567.5, 550.4, 516.3, and 430.9; and neutralizing antibody titers were 710.8, 41.9, 24.3, 409.9, and 1.6 against Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses, respectively.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Brain ; Bunyaviridae ; Cricetinae* ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Formaldehyde ; Hantavirus ; Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Leg ; Mice ; Myelin Basic Protein ; Puumala virus ; Seoul ; Seoul virus ; Sin Nombre virus ; Vaccination ; Veins

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging appearance of the dural ligaments which is connected between the anterior dura mater and the posterior longitudinal ligament. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 cadavers with formalin fixation, the dural ligaments were evaluated and photographed after removal of the posterior element of the spinal canal. MR studies of 12 patients who had distinct dural ligaments were evaluated. Spin-echo MR images were obtained on a 1. 5T unit. RESULTS: In seven of the ten cadavers, the midline dural ligament was observed; the lateral dural ligament was observed in 3 cadavers. On MR, the dural ligaments were imaged as thin lines of low signal intensity between the anterior dural margin and the posterior longitudinal ligament. Dural ligaments were well-visualized at the level of the lower lumbar spine which had a more prominent anterior epidural space than that of the upper level of the spine. Eight of 12 cases had well developed midline dural ligaments. Two cases showed distinct lateral dural ligaments and the remaining 2 cases had distinct midline and lateral dural ligaments. CONCLUSION: MR images of the dural ligament demonstrate a thin low signal line at the anterior epidural space.
Cadaver* ; Dura Mater ; Epidural Space ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spinal Canal ; Spine