Down syndrome is the most common autosomal chromosomal abnormality characterized by mental and growth retardation, and by various typical features including prominent epicanthal fold, oblique palpebral fissure, flat nasal bridge, short and broad hand, wide toe interspace, etc. The overall incidence has been shown to be 1:800 deliveries, increasing with advancing maternal age. However, twin cases are extremely rare, and thus far only 500 cases were reported worldwide. We have recently observed 10-day-old male monozygotic twins with Down syndrome, born to a mother of 30 years of age with one normal child. Both have VSD confirmed by 2D-echocardiography, in addition to various typical features. Cytogenetic examination revealed that both have karyotypes of 47, XY, +21. This is the first report in Korea as the authors are aware of.
Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Down Syndrome ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Incontinentia Pigmenti* ; Karyotype ; Korea ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Toes ; Twins, Monozygotic

Gastric cancer is the most prevalent gastrointestinal tract malignancy in Korea. By the time the patient hassymptoms, these tumors are usually advanced in stage. In high risk populations,screening such as double contrastUGI or gastric endoscopy is needed and patient with vague symptoms should be studied. However, these screeningshave high diagnostic accuracy rate, only CT scan can identify accurately abnormal stomach wall thickening andintraabdominal tumor extension. And CT is important for palnning of treatment, assessing surgical resectability,postoperative evaluation and prognostic implications. Author reviewed CT scan of 67 cases of confirmed gastriccancer by double contrast UGI or endoscopic biopsy, for 29 months from March 1983 to August 1985 at Department ofRadiology, Pusan National University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. The most frequent site ofinvolvement of gastric cancer was gastric antrum in 49.9%(33/67). 2. By CT staging, stage 3 was 40.2%(27/67) andstage 4 was 38.8%(26/67). 3. In CT scan analysis, the structures involved by diect invasion were regional lymphnodes, pancrease, and gastrocolic ligament in order of frequency. The structures involved by distant metastaseswere liver, systemic lymph nodes, and mesentery in order of requency. 4. The diagnostic accuracy of CT staging was73.9%(17/23) by correlation of surgical and pathological findings. 5. In determination of stage by CT, the rate ofin accuracy of stage 2 was highest as 33%(2/6), and that of stage 3 was 29.2%(3/11). 6. Of all misdiagnoses,83.3%(5/6) was owing to failure to differentiate lymph node invasion from reactive hyperplasia of lymph node.
Biopsy ; Busan ; Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Mesentery ; Pancreas ; Pancrelipase ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: To decrease the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, patients are routinely asked not to eat or drink anything for at least 6 to 8 hours before surgery. We studied to evaluate whether the volume and pH of gastric fluid immediately after induction of anesthesia is correlated with water ingestion. METHODS: Fifty patients, scheduled for elective surgery, were randomly divided into two groups. Control group(n=25) were fasted overnight and received no water. Experimental group(n=25) were fasted overnight and received 150 ml water approximately 2 hours before the induction of anesthesia. Gastric fluid was obtained via multiorifice gastric tube with the patient in three different positions. The volume of gastric fluid was recorded and its pH was measured. RESULTS: The gastric volumes were no differences between the two groups. The gastric pH values were significant differences. The incidence of patients with the high risk factors of gastric volume greater than 25 ml and pH less than 2.5 was decreased in experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that surgical patients could be permitted to ingest 150 ml water approximately 2 hours before the induction of anesthesia.
Adult* ; Anesthesia ; Eating* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Incidence ; Risk Factors ; Water*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the minus diopter posterior chamber intraocular lens(PC IOL) implantation in highly myopic patients undergoing cataract extraction. METHODS: We have evaluated the outcome of 27 highly myopic patients(32 eyes) who had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with minus diopter PC IOL implantation during the period from July 1995 to December 2000. RESULTS: At the time of the operation examined average axial length in the operated eyes was 31.8 mm and the average of calculated diopter of PC IOL was -2.45 diopter(D). There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity in each inserted IOL diopter(p>0.05). The preoperative refraction ranged from -17D to 29D(-22.45D in average), and visual acuity improved by over 0.5 in 15 eyes(49.5%). After cataracts developed in 4 eyes(12.5%), requiring Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. There were no serious complications such as retinal detachment. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that PC IOL implantation after extracapsular cataract extraction in highly myopic eyes can improve the visual acuity, without in increased risk of after cataracts and complications such as retinal detachment.
Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Retinal Detachment ; Visual Acuity

We injected tPA into the anterior chamber of 43 pesudophakic eyes with moderate to severe fibrinous membrane which had developed following cataract surgery from January, 1990 to August, 1990 at St. Mary's hospital. The results were as follows: 1. Intraocular tPA injection was resulted in complete fibrinolysis within 1 hour in 38 of 43 eyes and patial fibrinolysis in 5 of 43. 2. No corneal endothelial cell loss was found, and tPA did not appear to cause a significant rise in intraocular pressure. 3. Complications of tPA injection included mild, transient, periocular pain(3 eyes), anterior chamber fibrin debris(2 eyes) and anterior chamber hemorrhage(1 eye). The results indicated that tPA is dramatically effective for the clearance of fibrinous membrane after cataract surgery.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract* ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Fibrin* ; Fibrinolysis ; Intraocular Pressure ; Membranes* ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator*

Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, characterized predominantly by a markedly elevated platelet count without known cause. We report a case of essential thrombocytosis, the only clinical manifestation of which consisted of neurologic symptoms, including headache, dysarthria, right hemiparesis with a relatively benign and slowly progressive clinical course. Neuroradiologic examination (Brain CT and MRI) disclosed a multiple infarction in the both basal ganglia and left parietal region. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the vascular occlusion due to abnormal platelet function in ET.
Basal Ganglia ; Blood Platelets ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Dysarthria ; Headache ; Infarction ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paresis ; Platelet Count ; Rabeprazole ; Thrombocytosis*

No abstract available.
Central Nervous System* ; Graft vs Host Disease* ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplants*

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic colorectal procedures are widely used for benign disease but controversial for malignant disease. In early colorectal cancer, laparoscopic colectomy can be performed safely on the basis of oncologic principles. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic-assisted colorectal resection for malignant polyps and benign disease. METHODS: Twenty five patients submitted to surgical treatment between Oct. 1996 to June 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Malignant polyps comprized 7 cases whose resection margins were all positive for cancer cells after endoscopic polypectomy and benign diseases in 18 cases (benign polyp: 7, diverticular disease: 4, submucosal tumor: 4 etc.). The common sugical procedures were anterior or low anterior resection (7 cases) and segmental resection (6 cases). There was no conversion to an open surgery. In malignant polyps, pathologic results revealed early cancer with no lymph node metastasis. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative recovery was uneventful except 2 cases (9.0%) of complications, which were, prolonged ileus in one patient and subcutaneous emphysema in another patient. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted resection can be recommended as a safe and effective procedure for treatment of colonic malignant polyps and benign disease.
Colectomy ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Ileus ; Laparoscopy ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polyps* ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Emphysema

We have evaluated the outcome of the high myopic patients who had been underwent cataract extraction with 0 diopter posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL)implantation (15 eyes)and without PC IOL implantation (11 eyes), retrospectively.The average axial length was 31.1 mm and the average calculated diopter of PC IOL was +0.48 diopter.The preoperative corrected visual acuity (VA)had no statistically difference between the two groups.But the numbers of eyes that had postoperative corrected VA above 20/40 were 1 of 11 aphakic eyes and 7 of 15 pseudophakic eyes, and had significant difference (p<0.05).The after cataracts were found in 4 eyes of aphakic eyes and 1 eye of 0 diopter pseudophakic eyes.Among of them, 4 eyes of aphakic eyes underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and not revealed the retinal detachment.So we thought that PC IOL implantation after cataract extraction in high myopic eyes could improve the visualacuity, decrease the incidence of after cataract and retinal detachment.
Aphakia* ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Myopia* ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Pseudophakia* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which is thought to be autoimmune in nature affects multiple organs and produces a diversity of signs and symptoms. However, cardiovascular manifestations of SLE are manifested more frequently by autopsy. Recently, with the prolonged survival and improvement of diagnostic methods in SLE including echocardiography, the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular manifestations of SLE became more apparent and increased. Simultaneous involvement of the pulmonary artery and the myopericardium in SLE is known to be rare. Pulmonary hypertension is known to be associated with poor prognosis. We report a 27 year-old female patient of SLE with pulmonary hypertension, pericarditis and left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Mortality ; Pericarditis* ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Artery