We evaluated the distribution of normal conjuctival flora and the change of antibiotic sensitivity of cultured bacteria. Specimens were obtained from inferior conjunctiva cul de sac with sterile cotton-tipped applicator from healthy 216 human beings. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disk diffusion method. The results indicated that overall positive culture rate was 47.7% and major organisms were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(55.7%), Staphylococcus aureus(16%), Gram negative bacteria(7.5%), Streptococcus(4.7%). Antibiotic sensitivity test of cultured Gram positive bacteria demonstrated less than 60% rate of susceptability in gentamicin, tetracyclin, erythromycin and 80.5% rate of susceptability in ciprofloxacin. Gram negative bacteria demonstrated less than 60% rate of susceptability in cephalothin, ampicillin. From the above results, we concluded that antibiotic resistance of normal conjunctival flora was increased from the past and the principle of antiviotic eye drop use should be emphasized.
Ampicillin ; Bacteria ; Cephalothin ; Ciprofloxacin ; Conjunctiva ; Diffusion ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Erythromycin ; Gentamicins ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Humans ; Staphylococcus

Mutations in the transmembrane inner ear (Tmie) gene, which encodes the Tmie protein, have been attributed to deafness autosomal recessive 6 (DFNB6), an autosomal nonsyndromic recessive hearing loss disorder. Although the Tmie gene was identified a few years ago, little is known about subcellular localization of the Tmie protein. In order to address this, we developed a stable cell line expressing Tmie protein. The expression of Myc-tagged Tmie protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis using an anti-Myc antibody and localization of the Tmie protein was confirmed by immunostaining, using the anti-Myc antibody as well as the anti-tmie antibody. Our study demonstrates that the Tmie protein is localized mostly in the cellular membrane and to a lesser extent in cytoplasm. These results suggest that our Tmie expressing stable cell line provides a suitable in vitro model to explore Tmie synthesis and functions.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm ; Deafness ; Ear, Inner ; Hearing Loss ; Membranes

PURPOSE: The zygoma is a key element which composes the facial contour. Zygomatic fracture induces facial asymmetry. We use radiologic evaluation or inspections mainly for identification of symmetry after reduction depressed zygomatic fracture. But the disadvantages of such methods are time-consuming and complicated process. So we tried to develop a new testing method with a ruler and a level. METHODS: In unilateral depressed zygomatic fracture patient, parallel to the patient's head to make sure lay horizontaly. Put the leg of a ruler on the malar eminence so that it is at the same distance from the facial midline. Then take the level of malar eminence as put the level above the ruler. This process was performed before and after the reduction. RESULTS: We were able to fix with plate and screw after checking the results of reduction fast and easily. Good results were obtained at post-operative radiologic evaluation. CONCLUSION: We can easily get the ruler and level around life. This method is not only simple but also short-time process compared with other method-radiologic evaluation or inspection. And the operator can explain the results to the patients easily and objectively. Authors obtained the good results with this new method, and would introduce it for another method of identifying the result of reduction in depressed zygomatic fractures.
Facial Asymmetry ; Head ; Humans ; Leg ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures

PURPOSE: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm in parotid gland. Superficial parotidectomy was usually used to remove the pleomorphic adenoma. But, this method has to remove tumor with normal parotid tissue. Authors did lumpectomy to remove pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland, because pleomorphic adenoma is wrapped in a capsule as it grows. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of lumpectomy as a treatment of pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland. METHODS: From 2002 to 2008, 8 patients underwent the lumpectomy of the pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland. Occurrence of the complications and recurrance were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were followed-up for a mean 45 months. There were no recurrance or no complication after lumpectomy. CONCLUSION: Authors suggest that the lumpectomy lead to decrese complications, recurrane and can be used as a procedure for the resection of pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Parotid Gland

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of modular neck-utilization in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (34 hips) who had modular stem THA between April 2011 and January 2013 were evaluated. There were 19 men and 11 women with a mean age of 61.2 years at the time of surgery. There were 20 cases of osteonecrosis of femoral head, 7 cases of osteoarthritis, 6 cases of femur neck fracture, and 1 case of rheumatoid arthritis. No patients presented with anatomical deformity of hip. Patients were operated on using a modified Watson-Jones anterolateral approach. All patients underwent clinical and radiological follow-up at 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months, and every year postoperatively. The mean duration of follow-up was 48.2 months (range, 39 to 59 months). RESULTS: The average Harris hip score improved from 63.7 to 88.1 at the final follow-up. Radiographically, mean acetabular cup inclination was 45.3°(range, 36°-61°) and anteversion was 21.7°(range, 11°-29°). All were neutral-positioned stems except 5 which were varus-positioned stems. In only 3 cases (8.8%), varus or valgus necks were required. A case of linear femoral fracture occurred intraoperatively and 1 case of dislocation occurred at postoperative 2 weeks. No complications at modular junction were occurred. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the use of modular necks had favorable clinical and radiographic results. This suggests that the use of modular neck in primary THA without anatomical deformity is safe at a follow-up of 39 months.
Acetabulum ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Neck* ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteonecrosis

We present two cases of focal fatty sparing caused by a nontumorous arterioportal shunt. Two patients underwent ultrasonography (US) as a part of routine medical screening, which revealed a hypoechoic lesion in the diffuse fatty liver. Each lesion appeared to be an arterioportal shunt on triphasic mutidetector computed tomography (CT) and was seen as being slightly hyperdense on noncontrast CT. No tumors were delineated around or within the arterioportal shunt. Both lesions remained unchanged on six-month follow-up US.
Fatty Liver* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Liver transplantation (LT) has been advocated as a good management option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The rate of HCC recurrence after LT is about 20%. Although the median survival time of patients with HCC recurrence is 7~9 months, the role of surgical treatment for metastatic tumors has been reported on. In this study, we evaluated the role of metastasectomy for treating patients with pulmonary metastasis from HCC after LT. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 10 patients with pulmonary metastasis after LT and who were treated between April 2005 and October 2007. The underlying liver disease was cirrhosis caused by chronic viral hepatitis. The surveillance protocol for HCC recurrence was as follows: assessing the serum alpha-fetoprotein level every 1 month, chest and abdomen-pelvic computed tomography every 3 months and a bone scan every 1 year or when bone metastasis was suspected. The patients with less than 3 metastatic lesions were recommended to undergo metastasectomy (Group S, n=6) and the patients with more 4 lesions were recommended nonsurgical management, including chemotherapy (Group N, n=4). RESULTS: All the metastatic lesions were detected on the protocol chest CT scans. The median recurrence time was 7.4 months (0.8~18.2) after LT; this was 11.0 (4.8~18.2) months for Group S and 2.0 (0.8~3.3) months for Group N. One patient had a single lesion and the others had multiple lesions on multilobes. The median survival times of Group S were 29.3 (18.5~41.3) months after pulmonary metastasis and 40.3 (23.3~48.0) months after transplantation; 5 patients had no recorded evidence of their disease status. The median survival time of Group N was 4.3 (4.0~6.3) months after metastasis and 6.2 (5.3~7.1) months after transplantation; all the patients have since died. CONCLUSION: The survival outcome seemed to be good for the patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for HCC, if it was detected earlier and it was resectable (< or =3 lesions). However, further study is required for validating the survival benefit of pulmonary metastasectomy.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Transplantation ; Metastasectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax

PURPOSE: Liver transplantation (LT) has been advocated as a good management option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The rate of HCC recurrence after LT is about 20%. Although the median survival time of patients with HCC recurrence is 7~9 months, the role of surgical treatment for metastatic tumors has been reported on. In this study, we evaluated the role of metastasectomy for treating patients with pulmonary metastasis from HCC after LT. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 10 patients with pulmonary metastasis after LT and who were treated between April 2005 and October 2007. The underlying liver disease was cirrhosis caused by chronic viral hepatitis. The surveillance protocol for HCC recurrence was as follows: assessing the serum alpha-fetoprotein level every 1 month, chest and abdomen-pelvic computed tomography every 3 months and a bone scan every 1 year or when bone metastasis was suspected. The patients with less than 3 metastatic lesions were recommended to undergo metastasectomy (Group S, n=6) and the patients with more 4 lesions were recommended nonsurgical management, including chemotherapy (Group N, n=4). RESULTS: All the metastatic lesions were detected on the protocol chest CT scans. The median recurrence time was 7.4 months (0.8~18.2) after LT; this was 11.0 (4.8~18.2) months for Group S and 2.0 (0.8~3.3) months for Group N. One patient had a single lesion and the others had multiple lesions on multilobes. The median survival times of Group S were 29.3 (18.5~41.3) months after pulmonary metastasis and 40.3 (23.3~48.0) months after transplantation; 5 patients had no recorded evidence of their disease status. The median survival time of Group N was 4.3 (4.0~6.3) months after metastasis and 6.2 (5.3~7.1) months after transplantation; all the patients have since died. CONCLUSION: The survival outcome seemed to be good for the patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for HCC, if it was detected earlier and it was resectable (< or =3 lesions). However, further study is required for validating the survival benefit of pulmonary metastasectomy.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Transplantation ; Metastasectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax

STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the outcomes of recapping laminoplasty for the treatment of atraumatic spinal interdural hematoma. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: There are several causes for a spinal hematoma. The occurrence of spinal hematoma is rare; in particular, the ones arising atraumaticaly are considered extremely rare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied a 33 year old male patient without any known risk factor. Magnetic resonance image has revealed an intraspinal epidural cyst compressing on the spinal nerve. After performing recapping laminoplasty, followed by partial excision of dura mater and resection of hematoma, we were able to observe another layer of dura mater, confirming the location of hematoma within two epidural layers, i.e., an interdural hematoma. RESULTS: Performing recapping laminoplasty is a more effective and less invasive procedure for removing cyst than conventionally used laminectomy. Patients were found to have synostosis after three months post-op, and they have exhibited neither lumbosacral pain nor lower limb motor weakness after six months follow-up. There were no recurrences or complications reported on our study. CONCLUSION: There are a few reported cases of atraumatic spinal interdural hematoma. Our study shows that performing pars osteotomy with recapping laminoplasty yield good clinical outcome for the treatment of atraumatic spinal interdural hematoma.
Dura Mater ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Nerves ; Synostosis

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare genetic disorder encompassing abnormal skin pigmentation, dystrophic nails, leukoplakia of mucous membranes and others. Bone marrow failure is the cause of early mortality. Moreover, DC is known for its predisposition to malignancy. X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of the disease are recognized. We describe here a rare case of DC in a 4-year-old girl showing dark skin, dystrophic toe nails, and mild bone marrow failure. Autosomal recessive disease was suggested as the patient is female, and tests for DKC1 and hTR mutations were negative. Intermittent treatment with oxymetholone and prednisolone for about 26 months resulted in stable hemoglobin and platelet response.
Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Child, Preschool ; Dyskeratosis Congenita* ; Female* ; Humans ; Leukoplakia ; Mortality ; Mucous Membrane ; Oxymetholone ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Skin Pigmentation ; Toes