Although causative factors are not completely defined, carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer is attributed to multiple genetic alterations. The abnormal expressions of oncogenes are regarded to be responsible for the production of malignant phenotype, subsequent invasion and metastasis. From 63 surgically resectable colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, expression of oncogenes in colorectal cancer tissue was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining methods using monoclonal antibodies to products of the oncogenes. To evaluate the possibility of oncogenes as a prognostic factor, we studied the relationship between the expression of oncogenes and the clinicopathologic findings which are well known prognostic factors. Rates of expression in colorectal cancer tissue were 27% for c-myc, 74.6% for c-Ha-ras and 77.8% for c-erbB-2 oncogenes. The positive rate of c-erbB-2 oncogene was higher in the well differentiated group than in the poorly differentiated group. The rates of expression of c-myc and c-Ha-ras oncogenes were significantly correlated each other. Expression of these oncogenes in colorectal cancer were not correlated with the pathologic stage, location of cancer, DNA ploidy pattern and histologic differentiation except between c-erbB-2 and histologic differentiation. In conclusion, there seems to be a possibility that c-erbB-2 could be used as a prognostic factor of colorectal cancer. However, further and more intensive study seems to be required.
Adenocarcinoma ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes* ; Phenotype ; Ploidies

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spondylitis*

The photostress test was applled in 80 normal eyes and in 30 eyes with macular lesions. The normal recovery time ranged from 5.3 seconds to 12.6 seconds, its mean was 7.89 seconds. In patients with macular lesions the test results showed wide scattering of values, ranging from 8.0 to 255.0 seconds and the mean value being 57.01 seconds. These two mean values showed highly significant difference. It can be concluded that the photostress test is valuable for making diagnosis and for evaluating the present status of the lesions and their prognosis in macular lesions.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Prognosis

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible correlation between the choroidal blood flow and the amplitude of the b-wave in albino rabbits. The following vasoactive drugs were administered intravenously in order to change the blood flow, and the blood flow and the ERG were measured in the dark room after 30 minutes' dark adaptation. Epinephrine (0.5 mg/kg) produced slight reduction in the b-potential only when the blood flow decreased more than 10%. Pitressin (0.1 micro/kg) induced marked degree of blood flow reduction and this changes were always associated with parallel reduction in the b-potentiaI. Papaverine (2 mg/kg) also produced marked increase in blood flow and marked increase in the bpotential parallel to it. Hexamethonium bromide (1 mg/kg) produced parallel changes in the blood flow and the b-potential only when the blood flow decreased. Reserpine (0.2 mg/kg) induced moderate increase in the blood flow and this increase was associated with the increase in the b-potential. The possible applications of these results in the clinical practice were discussed.
Choroid* ; Dark Adaptation ; Epinephrine ; Hexamethonium ; Papaverine ; Rabbits* ; Reserpine ; Vasopressins

A Tc-99m sulfur colloid hepatic scintigraphy is often the first imaging modality empolyed in the evaluation ofthe patient with suspected liver disease,since the hepatic scintigraphy is not only highly sensitive, low expenseand easy of performance but also provides both structural and functional information of the liver. The authoranlayzed the scintigraphic findings in 304 patient proven various hepatic disease and 58 normal liver, and alsoretrospectively analyzed the result of hepatic scintigraphy and ultlrasonography of the liver in 117 patients. Theresults were as follows; 1. The overall sensitivity and specificity of hepatic scintigraphy in the liver diseaseis 91% and 67%, respectively. 2. On the evaluation of the diffuse parenchymal parenchymal disease of liver, thescintigiraphy was found to be highly sensitive (88%) and also specific image patterns were found in cirrhosis. 3.The hepatic scintigraphy was highly sensitive (92%) in the detection of the focal lesions of liver. 4. Theultrasonography was capable of differentiating solid and cystic masses which were detected on scintigraphy, whilescintigraphy was more sensitive in detection of hepatocellular disease. 5. Tc-99m sulfur colloid imaging reminedthe preferred inital screening method in patients with suspected liver disease, while ultrasonography should bedone for those patients with prior suspicious findings.
Fibrosis ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Liver ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid ; Ultrasonography

Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) is defined as a condition in which there is a primary bacterial cholangitis, characterized clinically by recurrent attacks of fever, chills, abdominal pain, and jaundice. 17 cases of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis at Won Kwang University Hospital during the past three years were analyzedby clinical, radiological and surgical findings. The results were as follows; 1. Peak incidence was noted at fifth decade (35%) and the raio of male to female was almost eual (1:1.1). 2. Most of patients were undernurished andrural population in low socio-economic state. 3. The characteristic and most frequent symptoms were fever, chills,abdominal pain, and jaundice. 4. Serum alkaline phosphatase level was elevated almost 4 times to the upper limitof normal. 5. There was a history of cholecystectomy with or without T-tube drainage in 65% of 17 cases. 6. The cholangiographic findings in the biliary trees were stricture, stones and dilated ducts, and occured more commonly in the left hepatic duct than right. 7. Most stones of biliary trees were pigment stones, and occasionally muddystones were seen. 8. Most of the organism obtained from bile culture were E. coli, supported an infective etiology.
Abdominal Pain ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bile ; Chills ; Cholangitis ; Cholecystectomy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage ; Female ; Fever ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jaundice ; Male ; Trees

Hypophosphatemic vitamin D resistant rickets is a form of rickets characterized by typical structural deformities and roentgenographic and metabolic changes. It has a strong familial tendency and appear to be genetically transmitted. Authors experienced 7 patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin D resistant rickets which have been manifested through three generation in a family at Won-Kwang University Hospital from Dec.1982 to May1984. Authors studied hypophosphatemic vitamin D resistant rickets clinically, radiologically, biochemically andpathologically, and reported with review of literatures.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Rickets ; Rickets, Hypophosphatemic

Prostatic adenocarcinoma is a common genitourinary malignancy which frequently is assiciated with bony metastasis at initial diagnosis. The detection of bony metastasis is important because it often alters the therapeutic strategy. The radionuclide one scintigraphy is known to be the most sensitive diagnostic method in detecting bony metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma. In the histologic grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma, the Gleason's grading system is the most widely employed one which is based on the degree of glandular differentiation and the growth patterns of tumor in relation to the prostatic stroma. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of Gleason's grade and bone scintigraphic findings in prostatic carcinoma. We analyzed 99mTc-diphosphonate bone scintigraphies of 19 cases with prostatic adenocarcinoma confirmed by transurethral prostatic biopsy. Ten of the 19 cases showed asymmetrical multiple radioisotope uptake suggesting bony metastases and their Gleason's grade were 4 or 5 in seven cases. The remaining three cases were Gleason's grade 2 or 3. Another nine cases showed symmetrical radioisotope uptake with normal renal imaging suggesting no bony metastases and their Gleason's grade were 1,2 or 3 in seven cases. The remaining two cases of these nine cases were Gleason's grade 4 and 5. As the results, there was a correlation between the Gleason's grade and bone scintigraphic findings. The asymmetrical multiple skeletal uptake of radioisotope may suggest that the Gleason's grade is likely to be higher.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radionuclide Imaging

Twenty-nine patients with spinal tuberculosis were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). The contiguous involvemnt of the vertibral bodies as well as the detailed localization of the destruction were analyzed. Our result disclosed that there was a higher incidence of the destruction of pedicles(68 percent) and an involve-ment of posterior elements (13 percent). Frequent patterns were fragmentation, sequestrae, disc space narrowing reactive sclerosis, paravertebral mass (abscess) and calcification. CT also p--vided precise information about the rim, density and size of the soft tissue mass, particularly following intravenous contrast infusion. CT was found to be helpful in the evaluation of the extent of osseous and soft tissue involvement as well as the destructive pattern. We conclude that CT can be used to detect the extent of osseous and paravertebral soft tissue involvement and to differentiate spinal tuberculosis from a neoplastic lesion.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Contrast Media/administration and dosage ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Spinal/*radiography

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were 1) to estimate prevalence rates of drinkers, two subtypes of drinkers-drinkers without dependence and drinkers with probable alcohol dependence(AD) using CAGE, and 2) to find out the correlates of sociodemographic variables and drinking patterns of the drinkers with probable AD by comparing those of the drinkers without dependence, 3) to analyse risk factors for the drinkers with probable AD. METHODS: Using data from face-to-face interviews conducted during 1995, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of two subtypes of drinkers in a national probability sample of 1,695 drinkers 20 years of age and older. We defined drinkers with CAGE scores 2 and over as drinkers with probable AD, and scores less than 1 as drinkers without dependence. The comparisons of sociodemographic characteristics and drinking patterns between two subtypes of drinkers were examined through chi-square test using weighted data. Statistical analysis including multiple logistic regression analysis were done for each sex, respectively. Because of the large number of coefficients estimated, Bonferroni's method was used to compute p values. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Prevalence of the drinkers was 33.7% in the total sample. Prevalence rate of male and female drinker were 26.3% and 7.40%, respectively. Prevalence of the drinkers with probable AD was 10.9%. For males the prevalence of the drinkers with probable AD was 9.99% and for females 0.94%. 2) According to sociodemographic variables between drinkers without dependence and drinkers with probable AD, males drinkers with probable AD were older, less educated, more depressive, married marital status and were more likely to have occupations of service section than male drinkers without dependence. Female drinkers with probable AD were less educated, more depressive and had less monthly income than drinkers without dependence. 3) As for the drinking patterns, male drinkers with probable AD drank more frequently, had more drinks, had more trying to quit drinking and preferred Soju. Female drinkers with probable AD drank more frequently, had more drinks, were more trying to quit drinking, too. 4) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for male drinkers with probable AD were lower education(< or =6 years) and depressive symptoms. For females, depressive symptoms and lower education(< or =6 years) were strongly indicative of risk factors though not reaching the statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of the drinkers with probable AD was 10.9%, and male to female ratio was 10.6:1, which was lower than previous results. Depressive symptoms and lower education proved to be strong predictors for alcohol dependence. This suggest that early detection and treatment of depression and public education for the lower education group should be important.
Adult* ; Alcoholism* ; Depression ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Marital Status ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Sampling Studies*