No abstract available.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Prevalence*

PURPOSE: To assess the high-resolution CT and pathologic findings of fat embolism experimentally induced in rabbit lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve rabbits were divided into four groups, namely control, 2-hour, 24-hour, and 72-hour, with three rabbits in each, and closed tibiofibular fractures were induced. After the rabbits were sacrificed, high-resolution CT scanning of the artificially inflated lungs was performed, and the CT findings were analyzed by two radiologists. They determined the presence or absence of ground glass opacity or consolidation, the extent of the lesions (using a 10% grading scale), and their distribution, reaching a consensus. The pathologic findings were analyzed using the specimens prepared by H & E and Oil-red O staining. RESULTS: Although the high-resolution CT findings of pulmonary fat embolism were nonspecific, bilateral patchy ground glass opacity (100%), and focal air-space consolidation surrounding the bronchovascular bundle (89%) were most common. In all groups, the occlusion of vessels by fat globules was confirmed by Oil-red Ostaining. The microscopic findings included focal pulmonary hemorrhage, edema, alveolar collapse, and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung parenchyma. The 24-hour group showed more extensive change in high-resolution CT and pathologic findings than did the others. CONCLUSION: Fat embolism in rabbit lung may occur after closed tibio-fibular fracture. The extent of the lesion revealed by high-resolution CT correlated closely with the pathologic findings. High-resolution CT may thus be helpful for the detection of pulmonary fat embolism and evaluation of its extent.
Consensus ; Edema ; Embolism, Fat* ; Glass ; Hemorrhage ; Lung* ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Rabbits ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: To determine if unilateral pedicle screw fixation is comparable to bilateral fixation in one-or two-segment lumbar spinal fusion. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with spinal stenosis or spondylolisthesis were assigned to either unilateral or bilateral pedicle screw instrumentation groups. Demographic variables, preoperative diagnosis, number of fusion segments, and kinds of instrumentation used were similar between the two treatment groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of blood loss, clinical results, time at which fusion was complete, fusion rate, and complication rate. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of duration of operating time, duration of hospital stay, medical expenses. The number of fusion segments or kinds of instrumentation did not affect the fusion rate, time at which fusion was complete, or clinical outcomes. Metal failure rate of unilateral fixation was higher in patients with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis than in patients with spinal stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral pedicle screw fixation was as effective as bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal fusion independent of the number of fusion segments (one or two segments) or pedicle screw systems. Unilateral pedicle screw fixation is not recommended for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis patients who were treated with Gill' s decompression.
Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Spinal Fusion* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis

Fracture of the vertebral end plate in the lumbar and sacral spine has been reported as a rare lesion. Especially it is very rare that fractures are found at two levels simultaneously. To our knowledge, there has been only one reported case of this type of fracture in Korea3). We report a case of fractures of the vertebral end plates at two levels in adolescent patient.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Spine

Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, characterized predominantly by a markedly elevated platelet count without known cause. We report a case of essential thrombocytosis, the only clinical manifestation of which consisted of neurologic symptoms, including headache, dysarthria, right hemiparesis with a relatively benign and slowly progressive clinical course. Neuroradiologic examination (Brain CT and MRI) disclosed a multiple infarction in the both basal ganglia and left parietal region. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the vascular occlusion due to abnormal platelet function in ET.
Basal Ganglia ; Blood Platelets ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Dysarthria ; Headache ; Infarction ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paresis ; Platelet Count ; Rabeprazole ; Thrombocytosis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept in cases resistant to bevacizumab and ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: Twenty patients with neovascular age-related macular generation who were resistant to treatment with bevacizumab and ranibizumab were evaluated. After switching to aflibercept the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were compared at baseline and at 1 month after injection. Additionally, changes in the intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid and pigment epithelial detachment were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean BCVA was 0.83 +/- 0.56 log MAR and the mean CRT was 294.20 +/- 12.99 microm before aflibercept treatment. After switching to aflibercept the mean BCVA was 0.86 +/- 0.61 log MAR with no statistical difference (p = 0.406) and the mean CRT was decreased to 232.45 +/- 12.05 microm (p = 0.011). After 1 month of aflibercept injections, a reduction of intraretinal fluid in 4 eyes (80%), reduction of subretinal fluid in 11 eyes (78.6%) and reduction of pigment epithelial detachment in 5 eyes (50%) were observed. Increases in fluid or new lesions were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Aflibercept injection appears beneficial in patients with neovascular age-related macular generation who are resistant to bavacizumab and ranibizumab treatment.
Humans ; Macular Degeneration* ; Retinaldehyde ; Subretinal Fluid ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab ; Ranibizumab

A statistical survey was made on 729 inpatients during the period of 4 years and 9 months, 1961-1965, in the Department of Urology, The First Army Hospital, in reference to age distribution, monthly distribution on various diseases of the genitourinary tracts and operative procedures.The tables in the text represent the result of the observation and are summarized as follows: The majority of the patients (85%) was distributed between the ages 21 and 26. Of 729 in patients, there were 270 cases (37%) of genito-urinary tuberculosis, 84 cases (11.5%) of urinary calculus,69 cases of trauma and 60 cases of non-specific urinary tract infection. There were 379 operative procedures including 91 nephrectomies, and 108 epididiymectomies.
Age Distribution ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Nephrectomy ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urology

PURPOSE: This was a methodological research to develop an instrument to assess the emotional response of family members of physically restrained patients. METHODS: A primary instrument with 68 questions was developed based on literature review and semi-structured interviews with family members. A group of experts revised individual questions and removed 4 irrelevant questions. This secondary instrument, then, was tested with 199 family members of physically restrained patients in intensive care units of a university hospital. The validity and reliability of the instrument were tested by factor analysis. RESULTS: After item analysis, 3 questions with a correlation coefficient under .30 were discarded and the questions with a factor loading under .45 on Varimax Rotation were also removed. After factor analysis on the final 37 questions, 7 factors were identified; avoidance, shock, helplessness, grudge, depression, anxiousness, and acceptance. The total variance explained was 55.63%. The reliability of this instrument was 0.93 of Cronbach's alpha. CONCLUSION: This instrument was statistically reliable and valid to measure family's emotional response to physical restraints of the patients. This instrument can be useful in assessing the effects of nursing interventions for family members of restrained patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Emotions ; Family/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Program Development ; Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Restraint, Physical

OBJECTIVES: It was the aim to examine the association of the thyroid-related hormones with cognitive function, depression, and subjective memory impairment in community-dwelling elders with questionable dementia. METHODS: The sample consisted of 399 community residents with 'questionable dementia' aged 60 or over in whom serum thyroid-related hormones [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine] had been assayed. Cognitive impairment was defined using the Korean version of the Consortium Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. Depression was diagnosed using the Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale and subjective memory complaint (SMC) was checked using the subjective memory complaints questionnaire (SMCQ). Age, gender, education, and the presence of apolipoprotein E epsilon4 were included as covariates. RESULTS: There was a significant positive association between verbal fluency test (VFT) score and serum TSH levels (p = 0.01). There was a significant negative association between SMCQ total score and word list memory test (WLMT)(p = 0.002) or word list recall test (WLRT) score (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum TSH levels were associated with semantic memory (VFT), and we found that SMC was associated with episodic memory (WLMT and WLRT) in this sample.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Apolipoproteins ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Depression* ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory* ; Memory, Episodic ; Semantics ; Thyroid Hormones* ; Surveys and Questionnaires