No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin* ; Female ; Osteoporosis* ; Ovariectomy* ; Rats* ; Tamoxifen*

The authors retrospectively reviewed the high resolution computed tomographic scans of 19 patients who had hematogenous or lymphangitic metastatic lung lesions. In all patients, the histologic diagnosis for primary cancers and the radiographic manifestations of pulmonary metastasis were established. Certain characteristic findings of metastatic lung tumors on HRCT scans were evident: uneven thickening of bronchovascular bundles, multiple small nodules, thickening of interlobular septum, and the presence of polygonal lines. The nodules are more predominent in hematogenous metastasis. The prevalent site of nodules is cortical portion of lung.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Retrospective Studies

Rhabdomyosarcoma are reportedly the most common soft tissue sarcoma occuring in childhood, but the biliary tree is a rare site of origin for this tumor. Recently we experienced a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree in a 30-month-old child. UItrasonography showed hypoechoic mass filling the dilated left. intrahepatic & extrahepatic bile ducts, and CT showed hypodense mass with heterogeneous enhancement after contrast infusion. Intraoperative cholangiography showed filling defects within the dilated left. intrahepatic & extrahepatic bile ducts. Postoperative MRI showed residual mass within the left. intrahepatic duct which was hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biliary Tract* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholangiography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal* ; Sarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma are reportedly the most common soft tissue sarcoma occuring in childhood, but the biliary tree is a rare site of origin for this tumor. Recently we experienced a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree in a 30-month-old child. UItrasonography showed hypoechoic mass filling the dilated left. intrahepatic & extrahepatic bile ducts, and CT showed hypodense mass with heterogeneous enhancement after contrast infusion. Intraoperative cholangiography showed filling defects within the dilated left. intrahepatic & extrahepatic bile ducts. Postoperative MRI showed residual mass within the left. intrahepatic duct which was hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biliary Tract* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholangiography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal* ; Sarcoma

Obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. This abnormal inflammation state may cause metabolic dysfunction. Many studies have supported the claim that immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophage and invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT) are related to the development of metabolic diseases like diabetes. It has recently been reported that while human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) infection is associated with human obesity, it also helps to improve the serum level of lipid factors (glycemic control). However, the detailed cellular mechanism remains unclear. This study (The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2012;122:3343-54) showed that iNKT cell-deficient mice on a low-fat diet used as a control for high-fat diet boasted insulin resistance phenotype without adipose tissue inflammation. The results of this study offer insight into the possibility of a novel role for iNKT related to the improvement of metabolic diseases, especially insulin resistance, and hint that Ad36-induced inflammation may be associated with iNKT in adipose tissue, while also playing a role in the improvement of glycemic control.
Adenoviruses, Human ; Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Diet, High-Fat ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulin Resistance ; Macrophages ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mice ; Natural Killer T-Cells ; Obesity ; Phenotype

To investigate the NS4 region of JEV, NS4 cDNA of K94P05 (JEV strain isolated from Korea in 1994) was amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed by sequencing PCR product. Genomic size of NS4 was 1212bp and nucleotide sequence was compared with that of other JEV strains. Nucleotide homology between JaOAr582 and K94P05 was 91.1% and that between Beijing and K94P05 was 89.8%, respectively. But the nucleotide sequence of I region of JaOAr582 and K94P05 showed 97.0% homology and that of Beijing and K94P05 did 95.8% homology. NS4 protein was expressed as a form of fusion protein by a prokaryotic expression system. The induced fusion product showed a lower molecular weight than predicted size and remained insoluble. The NS4 protein might be cleavages by E. coli protease. Concluding above results, high hydrophobicity of the NS4 protein supported the fact that this protein played a role as a membrane component and the poor nucleotide sequence conservativity among JEV strains suggested that this region might be important to adapt each viral growth environment.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Complementary ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese* ; Encephalitis, Japanese* ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Korea* ; Membranes ; Molecular Weight ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Authors reviewed clinical records of 92 patients with tetanus from January 1974 to December 1983 at Severance Hospital and the following results wre obtained. 1) There were about 2.2 times more cases of neonatal tetanus than that of nonneonatal. The admitted cases of tetanus decreased in 1980's compared to those of 1970's. 2) The male versus female ratio was 3 : 1 not only in nonneonatal but also in neonatal teanus. 3) There was a tendency of higher mortality when the site of injury was on the central part of the body than on the distal. 4) Most cases of tetanus developed after the injury with bactrial contamination as expected, but a few cases are due to only trivial injury such as acupuncture or injection without overt contamination. 5) There was a close relationship between the incubation period and mortality in neonatal tetaus but no such definite relationship in nonneonatal tetaus. 6) The duraton of admission was about 3 weeks and the majority of deaths occureed in less than one week of admission. 7) There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the group who used tetanus antitoxin from animal and that who used human tetanus immuneglobulin.
Acupuncture ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Tetanus Antitoxin ; Tetanus*

p27kip1, a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, has been recognized as a negative regulator of cell cycle. To investigate the role of p27kip1 on progression of cancer and apoptotic pathway, we analyzed p27kip1 expression using immunohistochemical stain in 40 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and apoptotic index by TUNEL method in 30 cases of prostatic adenocarinoma. Both were correlated with Gleason grade and Gleason score. Loss of p27kip1 expression was more frequent in prostatic adenocarcinomas of higher score (Gleason score 7 to 10) (60.7%) than in those of lower score (Gleason score 4 to 6) (33.3%) (p<0.05). The value of mean apoptotic index of carcinoma was 1.13+/-0.26, 1.80+/-0.91, 2.06+/-0.79, and 2.12+/-0.82 in grade 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, and was positively correlated with grade of carcinoma (p<0.05). Mean apoptotic index of higher Gleason score (score 7 to 10; 2.05+/-0.63) was also significantly increased than in lower Gleason score (score 4 to 6; 1.34+/-0.39) (p<0.05). Mean apoptotic index in cases with and without p27kip1 expression was 1.92+/-0.86 and 1.89+/-0.81, respectively (p>0.05). These results suggest that loss of p27kip1 expression and increased apoptotic index may be the morphologic markers to predict the behavior of prostatic adenocaricnoma. The role of p27kip1 on apoptotic pathway seems to be meager in this study and needs further study.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclins ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Neoplasm Grading ; Phosphotransferases

Medulloepithelioma(diktyoma) is a uncommon congenital tumor that is generally believed to arise from the embryonic neuroepithelium of the medullary tube. This tumor usually arises from the ciliary body epithelium. But medulloepitheliomas of the retina and optic nerve may also occur, although it is extremely rare, because the embryonal medullary epithelium that lines the optic vesicle is continuous with the epithelium lining the cavity of the optic nerve during the early embryonal period. The occurrence of medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve is exceptionally rare, with only a few cases have been previously reported. We report a first case of medulloep-ithelioma of the optic nerve head in Korea in a 5-year-old girl who presented with a poor vision and squint of the left eye.
Child, Preschool ; Ciliary Body ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive* ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Strabismus