The fractures of the ankle in children are differ from those of adults in terms of the fracture pattern and the possibilities of influence to growth. The injuries of the ankle in children occur mostly at the bony structure rather than ligamentous structure, and some injuries of the growth plate may result in the arrest of entire growth plate or parts of growth plate and these may lead to leg length discrepancy or deformity. Many authors agree that the prognosis of injuries of the growth plate is dependent on the fracture type, the age of the patient at the onset of injuries, the degree of displacement of the fracture fragments, whether the injuries open or closed, and the efficacy of reduction. But the authors can not postulate one uniformed method of classification and treatment of the children's ankle fracture because of the variability of injuries. We have reviewed 35 cases of children's ankle fracture treated at our clinics from Dec. 1979 to Feb. 1984. The results obtained are as follows: l. Over half of the patients were between the ages of 13 and 16 years (54.3%). 2. The incidence of each type as Salter-Harris classification was that of type II(48.6%), type I(20.0%),type III(14.3%),type IV (8.6%). 3. The traffic accidents were the main causes of injury (68.5%). 4. The type I fractures occured mostly under 10 years of age and the type II fractures in adolescents. 5. All the type I fractures were treated conservatively without any complication, and the type II fractures were treated conservatively in 13 cases (76.5%) and operatively in 4 cases (23.5%) with variable results. 6. Overall incidence of complication was 20.0%, consisted with two cases of conservatively treated but not accurately reduced type II fractures, a conservatively treated type III fracture, a triplane fracture, and the others.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Child ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Clothing ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Prognosis

Congenital melanocytic nevus(CMN) constitute a well-known risk factor in the development of malignant melanoma, but melanoma developing in newborn and infants are extremely rare. We describe a case of proliferating nodules within CMN at the age of 13 months. Like our case it is difficult to manage the proliferating lesions within CMN in infants. So we carefully suggest the indications of preventive excision when proliferating lesions occur within CMN as follows; 1) preventive excision is postponed until the age of two when the proliferating lesions are slowly growing, 2) surgical excision is needed when the lesions are rapidly growing exceeding 1 cm in size even though it is before the age of two.
Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Melanoma ; Nevus, Pigmented* ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Shoulder Fractures*

A questionnaire on a variety of ophthalmic topics was made up and sent to 150 members of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery-[KSCRS] in May, 1996. Forty percent [60/150] responded within the deadline in June, 1996. As the contents of the questionnaire were almost identical to the ones prepared in the USA [1994, 1995] and in Japan [1994], the answer to the questionnaire could be compared with those gathered from the USA and Japan. Over half of the respondents [57%] were in their forties. The average number of operations done per month was 26. Cataract operation accounted for over 60% of the total operations in 34% of KSCRS members. And more than 76% of the cataract operation were done using phacoemulsification technique in 31% of the respondents. There were no difference in the preferred method of local anesthesia for the cataract surgery in Korea compare to the USA or Japan. And there was less likelihood of using peribulbar anesthesia and no suture technique in Korea compared to the USA. Sixty-one percent of the Korean ophthalmic surgeon implanted the intraocular lenses even before the patients were younger than 20 years old whereas, 82% of ophthalmic surgeon in Japan did only when the patients were older than 20 years of age. For radial keratotomy as a means of correcting myopia, 91% of the Korean respondents were not performing the procedure any more, while 45% of the American respondents abandoned it. Fifty four percent of the Korean respondents and 46% of the American respondents have been doing excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. There was no statistical difference between the two. From the answers to the qustionnaire, we found that our results did not differ significantly from those of the USA or Japan and we believe that these results reflect the present trends of cataract and refractive surgeries in Korea.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Cataract* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Japan ; Keratotomy, Radial ; Korea ; Lasers, Excimer ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Myopia ; Phacoemulsification ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Refractive Surgical Procedures* ; Suture Techniques ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of the auto-focusing low vision device (EYE FINE) in low vision patients. METHODS: We assessed the clinical effect after prescription of the device in 21 patients who visited the low vision clinic from July 2004 to January 2005. We examined visual acuity and contrast sensitivity before and after prescription. RESULTS: Mean distant visual acuity increased from 1.00+/-0.30 LogMAR to 0.69+/-0.34 LogMAR and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Mean near visual acuity increased from 0.89+/-0.25 LogMAR to 0.71+/-0.30 LogMAR (P<0.01). And mean contrast sensitivities at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles per degree (cpd) increased from 7.9+/-4.5, 10.8+/-7.4, 10.5+/-9.6, 3.9+/-3.8 and 2.0+/-2.7 to 10.5+/-8.0, 15.1+/-10.6, 16.3+/-13.6, 6.5+/-7.3 and 2.5+/-3.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EYE FINE offers the advantage of auto-focusing according to working distance.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Prescriptions ; Vision, Low* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration*

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical manifestation in 500 low vision patients. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 500 low vision patients at the National Medical Center and Chung-Ang University Yong-san Hospital from May 1995 to April 2004. The medical records were reviewed and interviews were administered to 80 consecutive patients. RESULTS: The most frequent causes of low vision included optic atrophy (29.8%), macular degeneration (22.6%) and retinitis pigmentosa (9.6%). Hand-held magnifier and Keplerian telescope were popularly used low vision aids. Visual acuity after prescription improved compared with that before prescription for near and distant vision. The most common purposes to visit a low vision clinic were for reading books and newspapers. Many patients didn't have an understanding about non-optical low vision aids. The majority of the patients (76.3%) benefited from attending a low vision clinic. CONCLUSIONS: Low vision rehabilitation using low vision aids may be a great help to increasing the quality of life in low vision populations.
Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Medical Records ; Periodicals ; Optic Atrophy ; Prescriptions ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; Telescopes ; Vision, Low* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Thoracic Surgery*

Inflammatory pseudotumor is an uncommon lesion with unknown etiology characterized by sclerosing inflammation which clinically and radiographically mimics a neoplastic lesion. A 47-year-old man presented with sudden headache and dysarthria. Brain CT scan revealed a 2.6x2.2 cm sized, round, and hyperdense mass in the anterolateral wall of the left lateral ventricular trigone. On MR imaging studies, the mass showed low signal intensity in the wall of the trigone on T2-weighted image, central mixed (iso- and high-) signal intensity with peripheral low-signal intensity on T1-weighted image. Subtle staining of left choroid plexus with irregular shaped distal branch of anterior choroidal artery was found on the cerebral angiography. These findings suggested a small tumorous lesion originated from the left choroid plexus. During the hospital days, the mass manifested as repeated hemorrhages. The mass was successfully removed via left occipital transcortical approach. The histopathological report of the specimen was hemorrhage and fibrosis, with dense lymphoplasma cell infiltration, suggestive of an inflammatory pseudotumor.
Arteries ; Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Choroid ; Choroid Plexus ; Dysarthria ; Fibrosis ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lateral Ventricles ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.