Many factors exert an influence on enzyme activity and thus on the rate of reactions that they catalyse. The most important of these factors are pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and the concentration of some inhibitors present. A solution of the enzyme diastase, which breaks down molecules of the polysaccharide starch to the disaccharide maltose by hydrolysis, was provided. Activity of these enzyme was measured by the rate at which starch was removed from the reaction mixture. These experiments were designed to study this reaction rate under varying conditions and the following results were obtained. 1. The range of optimum pH for this enzyme at room temperature was 4.0-7.0 and the optimum pH was 5.0. 2. The range of optimum temperatures for this enzyme at pH 7.0 was 30-50 degrees C and the optimum temperature was 40 degrees C. 3. The relationship between the enzyme activity and substrate concentration could be expressed by the Michaelis-Menten equation. The limiting velocity of these enzyme at room temperature and pH 7.0 was 415 microgram starch removed/ml of reaction mixture/min and Km, Michaelis constant, was 343 microgram/ml. 4. Inhibitors NaCl and HgCl2 blocked this enzyme activity completely at 1% and 0.01% respectively.
Amylases* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Maltose ; Mercuric Chloride ; Starch ; Water*

The author had a clinical experience with Bausch and Lomb Soflens in a total of 171 patients(271 eyes) from April 1974 to October 1975. Among all of the patients, 163 have used Soflens for an optical purpose (myopia and aphakia) and 8 for a therapeutic purpose. 32 patients(64 eyes) had worn hard contact lenses without success, as severe foreign body sensation, lacrimation and eye pain developed. But in the patients with Solfens, the foreign body sensation proved to be so mild, that most of the patients were able to wear Soflens for 14 hours per day. Also most of these cases wearing Soflens for the therapeutic purpose, the patients bullous keratopathy, corneal erosions, fillamentary keratitis, exposure keratitis, essential corneal edema or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and showed good results. Other advantage of Soflens are: it is less moval on the cornea than hard contact lenses, it also does not come off easily. It gives stable vision for the drwan-up pupil after cataract surgery. After Soflens wearing, a corneal damage or other complications has not showed except in 8 cases, where a ocular discomfort was noted.
Cataract ; Contact Lenses ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; Cornea ; Corneal Edema ; Eye Pain ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Pupil ; Sensation ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Authors presented the clinical review and evaluated the therapeutic response to 20 eyes of filamentary keratitis observed at the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Mary's Hospital for last 3 years. 1. The filaments disappeared within 2 days in 11 eyes by mechanical debriment with 0.5% C-M eyedrops, tear substitutes and prednisolone eye drops. 2. 4 of 20 eyes showed disappearance of the filaments within 3 days by the subconjunctival tathion injection combined with instillation of tathion eye drops. 3. For one eye which was resistant to the above therapy treated with continuous wearing of the B and L soft contact lens. In this case the filaments reduced in number from one day and completely disappeared after 6 days' wearing of soft contact lens. Patient discontinued the wearing of soft contact lens one week after. No epithelial filaments have appeared after discontinuance in wearing of the soft contact lens one week later.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Humans ; Keratitis* ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Ophthalmology ; Prednisolone

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association between perceived occu-pational psychosocial stress at work and the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) among employees using video display terminals. The study included 111 female telecommunication employees from three companies at ChungBuk province. Cases of WRMSD were defined using symptom questionnaire and physical examination conducted by rehabilitation specialist. Information on demographics, individual factors, and perceived psychosocial stress, were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. For assessing perceived psychosocial stress, we used variables from 'job strain model' proposed by Karasek. Associations between perceived psychosocial stress and WRMSD were assessed by multiple logistic regression models. Forty nine (44% to the total) subjects met our operational definition for WRMSD. Age, seniority, housing load were not associated with WRMSD. Perceived psychosocial stress was associated with WRMSD [odds ratio=3.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-10.19]. This study suggests that perceived occupational psychosocial stress is related to the prevalence of WRMSD.
Chungcheongbuk-do ; Computer Terminals* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Female ; Housing ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Specialization ; Telecommunications

During the last few years, of the 19 patients required surgical treatment for retinal detachment, 9 patients were received combined treatment of diathermy in central teared zone and cryothermy in peripheral detached area, and another 10 patients were received separately by electric diathermy (4) and by cryothermy (6) with good reattachment of 16 patients (84.2%). Combined technique of diathermy and cryothermy has a benefit by the production of strong choroiditis in detached main area resulted from diathermy and of least inflammation scars in peripheral detached zone from cryothermy. And any significant postoperative complication was not found in all cases.
Choroid ; Choroiditis ; Cicatrix ; Diathermy* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde*

Two unusual cases (5yr. old girl and boy) of seborrhoic marginal blepharitis caused by infestation of pubiclice (Phthirus pubis) are described. Many pubic lice and their ova clung to the cilia of upper lid margin were identified as the cause of disease. Prompt improvement of marginal blepharitis limited only on upper lids of both eyes was brought by the removal of lice and epilation of cilia which there are many ova adhered on. These two cases have no interrelationship in possible contact or source. Their fainily history and envirvmnental studies showed in negative resuhs. Careful slit-lamp examination would be neccessary as a routine procedure in blepharitis cases.
Blepharitis* ; Cilia ; Female ; Hair Removal ; Humans ; Ovum ; Phthiraptera*

PURPOSE: Many stresses produce reactive oxygen species and bring about mechanism of antioxidant reaction. Cytokine and a neurotransmitter through the cell membrane, as well as signal transduction through the cell membrane, are used for various pathological condition of the brain, such as neurodegenerative disease. There are several antioxidant enzymes in cells (superoxcide dismutase, glutathion peroxidasae, peroxiredoxin catalase, etc.) METHODS: This study used single- or double-label immunohistochemical techniques to analyze mouse spinal neuron cells expressing Prx I and Prx III after acute mobilization stress. RESULTS: Prx I was observed in dendritic cell of the gray matter of the spinal cord, and Prx III was observed in the cytoplasm of the GM of the spinal cord. CONCLUSION: The results of this study will help to explain differences of expression in the distributions of the peroxiredoxin enzymes of the spinal cord.
Animals ; Brain ; Catalase ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Dendritic Cells ; Immobilization* ; Mice ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Peroxiredoxins* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord*

PURPOSE: Many stresses produce reactive oxygen species and bring about mechanism of antioxidant reaction. Cytokine and a neurotransmitter through the cell membrane, as well as signal transduction through the cell membrane, are used for various pathological condition of the brain, such as neurodegenerative disease. There are several antioxidant enzymes in cells (superoxcide dismutase, glutathion peroxidasae, peroxiredoxin catalase, etc.) METHODS: This study used single- or double-label immunohistochemical techniques to analyze mouse spinal neuron cells expressing Prx I and Prx III after acute mobilization stress. RESULTS: Prx I was observed in dendritic cell of the gray matter of the spinal cord, and Prx III was observed in the cytoplasm of the GM of the spinal cord. CONCLUSION: The results of this study will help to explain differences of expression in the distributions of the peroxiredoxin enzymes of the spinal cord.
Animals ; Brain ; Catalase ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Dendritic Cells ; Immobilization* ; Mice ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Peroxiredoxins* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord*

Authors presented clinical review of the corneal multiple punctate epithelial erosions on the causative classification, location, form and therapy. Also authors classified essential multiple punctate epithelial erosions in sex and age. The results obtained as follow; 1. The major cause of the multiple punctate epithelial erosions were known due to traumatic origin by many authors. However, in our clinical cases it was revealed 67 cases (58%) were due to unknown cause. 2. The high incidence of this disease was noted in female (55 cases, 82%) than that of male. (12 cases, 18%) 3. The occupational study of the patients was not significant. 4. Extensive therapy such as instillation of topical steroid, Tathion eye drop, subconjuntival injection of Tathion and wearing of therapeutic soft contact lens on the multiple punctate epithelial erosions was effective in 30 cases. (46%) But recurrent was noted in 6 cases (9.2%) which respond to the therapy, while 10 eyes (15.4%) recurred among unresponded group.
Classification ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male

PURPOSE: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY) is a subtype of type 2 diabetes defined by autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset of diabetes usually before the age of 25 yrs, and a primary defect in the function of the beta cells of the pancreas. MODY3 is known as the most common form and is caused by mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor(HNF)-1alpha. We examined the prevalence of MODY3 in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). METHODS: Children with type 2 DM(N=17) and their family members with type 2 DM(N=5) were enrolled. Inclusion criteria for the children were fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide more than 1.0 ng/mL and 1.5 ng/mL respectively, familial type 2 DM in at least two generations, and body mass index(BMI)(kg/m(2)) less than 95th percentile. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. We analyzed HNF-1alpha for mutation by DNA microarray method and direct sequencing. RESULTS: We found one case with a mutation of the promoter region of HNF-1alpha(5'-ctaGGCTAGTGGGGTTTTGCGGGGGCAGTGGGTGCAAGG-3') in one child's family member among 22 children and adult subjects with type 2 DM. CONCLUSION: Although we found a mutation of HNF-1alpha in an adult family member with type 2 DM, we did not find this mutation in a child with type 2 DM. The further investigation of MODY in children, including other types, is required.
Adult ; C-Peptide ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; DNA ; Family Characteristics ; Fasting ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pancreas ; Prevalence* ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Wills