OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for tooth loss over three years, according to the number of pre-existing teeth, in middle and old aged people in a rural area. METHODS: This was a 3-year follow-up study including participants from KoGES-ARIRANG. Eight-hundred and fifty-five participants took part in both initial and follow-up oral examinations and surveys, conducted between 2010 and 2016. The number of existing teeth was determined through oral examination, and the subjects' sociodemographic characteristics, subjective periodontal statuses, and oral health behaviors were identified through oral questionnaires via 1:1 interviews. Chi-square analysis was used to compare tooth loss in participants with less than 20 pre-existing teeth to tooth loss in those with 20 or more pre-existing teeth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for tooth loss. RESULTS: Four-hundred and thirty-nine (51.4%) subjects lost more than one tooth over three years. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, subjective periodontal statuses, and oral health behaviors in subjects with 20 or more pre-existing teeth, the odds for tooth loss were as follows: 2.11 (1.42-3.14) times higher in people aged over 65 years compared to less than 65 years, 1.59 (1.06-2.38) times higher in those with a low (below elementary school) compared to high educational level, and 2.01 (1.33-3.02) times higher in those with a severe compared to normal subjective periodontal status. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of tooth loss was different in subjects with less than 20 pre-existing teeth compared to those with 20 or more pre-existing teeth. Therefore, the approach to prevent tooth loss should be different depending on the number of teeth present.
Cohort Studies* ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Follow-Up Studies ; Logistic Models ; Oral Health ; Risk Factors* ; Tooth Loss* ; Tooth*

The successful revascularization and reperfusion of ischemia are still associated with high systemic complication rates and severe local tissue injuries. The morality rates after revascularization have been reported to range from 10% to 20% and the amputation rates from 12% to 22%. It is well recognized that the microvasculature is highly sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and that the initial damage of endothelial cells contributes to I/R-induced tissue injury. In an effort to define the mechanisms responsible for reperfusion-induced vascular injury number of in vitro models have been developed to stimulate the responses of endothelial cells to I/R. Because of its simplicity, many investigators have used monolayers of cultured endothelial cells exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation as a model system to minic I/R-induced vascular changes in vivo. The endothelium serves as an important modulator of vascular homeostases by secreting various levels of both thrombotic and antithrombotic agents. One of the important product of endothelial cells, prostaglandin I2 or prostacyclin (PGI2) helps to maintain hemostasis through its involvement in coagulation, platelet activation, leukocyte migration and adhesion, vascular tone regulation and growth control. PGI2 synthesis is a readily quantifiable index of endothelial cell perturbation and thus serves as a marker for the identification of injurious stimuli. Endothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical vein and cultured in M-199 medium plus 20% fetal calf serum. Purity of culture was determined by immunological fluorescent staining of factor VIII related antigen, phase-contrast microscopy. TRK 790 radio-immunoassay kit was used for the measuring of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha released by endothelial cells. The results were as follows: 1) The concentration of PGI(2) released from the cultured endothelial cells was 33.44 +/- 2.26 pg/1 105 cells/mL 2) Incubation of endothelial cells with anoxia and reoxygenation resulted in PGI(2) release of 42.98 +/- 2.29 pg/1x10(5) cells/ml and 62.44 2.11 pg/1 105 cells/ml, respectively. 3) Incubation of endothelial cells with allopurinol (20 mumol/L) decreased the PGI(2) release to 40.68 +/- 2.99 pg/1x10(5) cells/ml. In conclusion, our data showed that the damage of endothelial cells in reoxygenotion group was significantly increased comparing anoxia group (p<0.005) and that allopurinol can inhibit reoxygenation-induced injury of endotheial cells.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; Allopurinol ; Amputation ; Anoxia ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Epoprostenol ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Leukocytes ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Microvessels ; Morals ; Platelet Activation ; Reperfusion ; Research Personnel ; Umbilical Veins ; Vascular System Injuries ; von Willebrand Factor

No abstract available.
Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Prognosis

This study was performed to investigate the etiologic agents, age distribution, clinical manifestations and seasonal occurrence of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. We confirmed viral etiologies using nasopharyngeal aspirates in 237 patients of the ages of 15 years or younger who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) from March 1996 to February 1998 at Samsung Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The overall isolation rate was 22.1%. The viral pathogens identified were adenovirus (12.7%), influenza virus type A (21.1%), -type B (13.9%), parainfluenza virus type 1 (13.5%), -type 2 (1.3%), -type 3 (16.0%) and respiratory syncytial virus (21.5%). The occurrence of ALRIs was highest in the first year of life, although parainfluenza virus type 1 infection occurred predominantly in the second year of life and influenza virus caused illnesses in all age groups. The specific viruses are frequently associated with specific clinical syndromes of ALRI. The respiratory agents and associated syndromes frequently have characteristic seasonal patterns. This study will help us to estimate the etiologic agents of ALRI, and establish a program for the prevention and treatment. An annual nationwide survey is necessary to understand the viral epidemiology associated with respiratory illnesses in Korea.
Acute Disease ; Adenoviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Adolescence ; Age Distribution ; Animal ; Bronchitis/virology ; Bronchitis/epidemiology ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Croup/epidemiology ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Influenza/epidemiology ; Influenza A Virus, Human ; Influenza B Virus ; Kidney/cytology ; Korea/epidemiology ; Liver/cytology ; Male ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human ; Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human ; Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human ; Paramyxovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology* ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology* ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology* ; Seasons

OBJECTIVE: The rate of developmental progression of frozen-thawed embryos is lower than that of nonfrozen embryos in mice, cows, humans and other mammalians. This study was designed and performed to evaluate the beneficial effects of coculture of Vero cells on the development of frozen-thawed two-cell stage embryos of ICR strain mice. MATERIASL AND METHODS: The late two-cell stage mouse embryos were obtained from oviducts of 5~6 week old mated ICR mice superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Two-cell stage mouse embryos were frozen slowly with 1,2-propanediol and sucrose as cryoprotectants and thawed rapidly, followed by stepwise dilution. The frozen-thawed embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10+10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) basal culture medium with and without Vero cells. The rates of development in both groups were compared every 24 hours for 5 days. RESULTS: Vero cells did not significantly stimulate the rate of embryonal development compared to controls at 24 hours after culture, 124 (69.3%) and 68 (61.3%), respectively (p=0.161). On day 4, however, 55 (30.7%) cocultured embryos had developed to expanded-hatching blastocysts, which was the significantly higher number than that of the embryos in controls: 16 (14.4%) (p=0.002). In addition, more embryos in coculture developed to hatching-hatched blastocysts (43[24.0%]) compared to the controls (10[9.0%]) (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Coculture of cryopreserved embryos after thawing with Vero cells seems to be an useful tool to remove the postthaw deleterious effects of freezing and to obtain better quality embryos appropriate for transfer. These beneficial effects of Vero cell coculture appear to become more prominent as the embryonic development progresses over time.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Coculture Techniques* ; Cryopreservation ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Freezing ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR* ; Oviducts ; Pregnancy ; Propylene Glycol ; Sucrose ; Vero Cells*

PURPOSE: To speculate the role of bcl-2 protooncogene in endometrial carcinogenesis by determination of the expression of bcl-2 in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied bcl-2 expression by an immunohistochemical method in the paraffin-embedded blocks of 78 patients with endometrial hyperplasia, 64 with simple hyperpasia, 9 with complex hyperplasia and 5 with atypical hyperplasia respectively, and 33 endometrial carcinoma treated at Asan Medical Center from June, 1989 to May, 1997. Intensity of bcl-2 staining was scored on a scale of 0 to 4, calibrated by comparison with stromal lymphocytes, which always received a score of 4. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that bcl-2 was relatively highly expressed in simple (n= 64), complex (n=9) and atypical hyperplasias (n=5) with mean staining scores of 2.95+/-1.09 (Mean+Standard Deviation), 2.78+/-1.20 and 3.60+/-0.89 respectively, which showed no difference among histologic types. In endometrial carcinoma, the expression of bcl-2 was significantly down regulated (mean score=1.76+/-1.35) compared with that of hyperplasia, and did not conelate with FIGO surgical stage. However, grade III tumor showed significantly lower expression that grade I or II tumor. CONCLUSION: Bcl-2 expression is down regulated in endometrial carcinoma than endo- metrial hyperplasia, and correlates with tumor grade, which suggest that bcl-2 expression might be the result of carcinogenesis or bcl-2 plays only an adjunctive role in the endometrial carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Endometrial Hyperplasia* ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lymphocytes

We describe here a case of minimal deviation endometrioid adenocarcinoma (MDEA) of the uterine cervix that was initially suspected according to the abnormal cytologic findings in a 39-year-old woman. The Papanicolaou (pap) smear showed many neoplastic glandular cells in monolayered sheets, rosettes, and clusters with palisading and feathering borders. The tumor cells had oval, hyperchromatic nuclei, with chromatin clumping and small nucleoli. Histologic examination disclosed endometrial-type glands with a bland, isolated, mainly rounded appearance and these glands were widely scattered deep into the cervical stroma with only scant stromal reaction. An association of MDEA with tubo-endometrioid metaplasia or cervical endometriosis has been suggested by identifying the tubo-endometrioid glands in the vicinity of the MDEA.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

Tracheobronchial disruption is one of the most severe injuries caused by blunt chest trauma. It may be followed by bronchial stenosis and subsequent atelectasis. We reviewed two patients with traumatic tracheobronchial injuries sustained after vehicular accident. Bronchial stenosis was suspected due to atelectasis which was first detected 5 days and 11 days after the accident, respectively. They didn't respond to conservative management such as chest physiotherapy for about 2 weeks. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy confirmed bronchial stenosis at the left main bronchus in one patient and at the left upper lobe bronchus in the other. The stenotic bronchi were corrected by resection and end-to-end anastomosis, and bronchoscopy performed postoperatively showed good repair. The patients were discharged without complications. Flexible bronchoscopy is useful and reliable in children as well as in adults for early diagnosis of traumatic tracheobronchial injuries. Resection and end-to-end anastomosis is successful in these cases.
Adult ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy* ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thorax

A 7 year-old girl presented with generalized muscle weakness and delayed motor development. She was able to stand up at 15 months and began to walk at 4 years of age. A nerve conduction study showed severe demyelinating neuropa-thy .There was no family history of peripheral neuropathy, and her parents and younger brother were clinically and electrophysiologically normal. A sural nerve biopsy showed moderate loss of myelinated fibers with onion-bulb forma-tions. Many teased nerve fibers revealed typical tomaculous changes. However the molecular genetic study of the patient confirms the duplication of 17p11.2-p22 on a polymerase chain reaction using D17S261 as a primer but not in her parents.
Biopsy ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ; Child ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Muscle Weakness ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Fibers ; Neural Conduction ; Parents ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Siblings ; Sural Nerve

PURPOSE: Analyzing of the causes of childhood death will provide us with the basis to understand prevalent diseases and to make the best possible health plan according to the studies. The National Statistical Office (NSO) of Korea has released an annual report of nationwide death. However, it could have underestimated the death toll of children because of delayed or missing reports of infants who died during the neonatal period. The death reports by pediatricians at hospitals could compensate for the dropped number of infantile death reported by the NSO. METHODS: We collected the death records for children under 15 years of age from the 136 secondary or tertiary referral hospitals over the country from January 1 through December 31, 1995. Then we tried to make a compilation of the records from both the NSO and our committee to finalize the cause of death. RESULTS: According to the records of the 136 hospitals, the total number of childhood death was 3,900 in 1995, including 1,790 deaths in the first 28 days of life. Most deaths occurred in the hospital (89.0%), which were confirmed either by a pediatrician (6.2%) or by a pediatric resident (58.8%). We were compiling 6,735 deaths according to the NSO and 3,415 of our own, with 846 overlaps. Seventeen deaths recorded by the NSO occurred in the first 6 days of life, compared to 1,292 from our own. After the first year, 4,762 deaths recorded by the NSO and 790 of ours were observed. CONCLUSION: The death records from hospitals could be enough to compensate for the dropped number of neonatal deaths recorded by the NSO, depicting more accurately the real pattern of death for Korean children in 1995.
Cause of Death* ; Child* ; Death Certificates ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Tertiary Care Centers