OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors associated with symptoms from job stress among Korean dental laboratory technicians. METHODS: We collected the data of 786 technicians for life-style, job stressor, social support, self-esteem, personality, and various dimension of stress symptoms included roomatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility by self-administerd questionnaire. Global severity index of dental technician (GSID) was calculated by total sum of sub-dimension. RESULTS: We used 80 percentile as a cut-off point, and got the 81.5 % of sensitivity, 86.1 % of specificity by receiver operating characteristic curve. The odds ratios of various factors in high group of GSID compared with low group were 1,49(95 % Cl 1.00-2.00) for smoker, 1,53 (1.06-2.21) for unhealthy group, 6,69 (4.74-9.44) for work overload, 8.34(5.82-11.97) for work demand, 9.89 (6.76-74.94) for work process, 8.27 (5.80-11,79) for work environment, 5.82 (4.04-8.39) for interpersonal relationship, 8.34 (5.82-11.97) for occupational conflict, 5.70 (4.04-8.04) for labor remuneration, 7.58 (5.37-10.71) for role conflict, but 0.39 (0.27-0.57) for social support, 0.41 (0.29-0.60) for self-esteem. By multiple logistic regression, factors were significantly associated with GSID were age, working area, role overload, work demand, work procedure, physical environment, occupational conflict, role conflict, social support, personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with symptoms from stress were role overload, work demand, work procedure, occupational conflict, interpersonal relationship, labor remuneration and role conflict in Korean dental laboratory technicians. It is suggested that health promotion program to reduce job stress and to enforce social support and self-esteem should be developed.
Anxiety ; Dental Technicians ; Depression ; Health Promotion ; Hostility ; Humans ; Laboratories, Dental* ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Questionnaires ; Remuneration ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Argon laser trabeculoplasty(ALT) is commonly used in the treatment of uncontrolled open angle glaucoma. The authors retrospectively reviewed the efficacy of ALT in 52 patients(57 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma. The mean follow-up was 28 months(range 2-48 months). The decrease in intraocular pressure 10P) was 10.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg at 1 month, 8.2 +/- 2.8 mmHg at 1 year, 6.2 +/- 5.1 mmHg at 2 years and 51% at 3 years. Failure was most common in the first 6 months after treatment(29%) and thereafter failure occurred at a rate of 5% to 15% per year. The sex and age of patients had no significant effect on success rate. The success rate was high in the patients with baseline IOP of 26 to 30 mmHg. A mild iritis in all cases, transient rise in IOP, peripheral anterior synechia and microscopic hyphema were noted as early complications of ALT.
Argon* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iritis ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*

The author analyzed 514 patients with ocular injuries among 2676 inpatients who were admitted to Chosun University Hospital from January 1986 to December 1991. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of ocular injuries was 19.2% of all inpatients. 2. The incidence was more common in male (82.6%) and in the order of 3rd decade (26.7%), 4th decade (20.7%) and teenage (16.4%). 3. The ocular injuries were more common in the spring (31.9%), and in March. 4. The most common cause of ocular injuries was industrial accident (25.5%), followed by individual accident, traffic accident and violence. Trauma inflicated while staging demonstration was 6.6%. 5. The most common ocular injury was traumatic hyphema (21.0%), followed by corneal laceration, canalicular disruption, and lid laceration. 6. The most common surgical procedure was corneoscleral suture (34.6%), followed by primary lid suture and canalicular reconstruction. 7. The final visual acuity was improved to 0.5 or more in 41.4%. 8. The most common complication of ocular injuries after treatment was corneal opacity (41.2%), followed by vitreous opacity and traumatic cataract.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Cataract ; Corneal Opacity ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Incidence ; Inpatients* ; Lacerations ; Male ; Sutures ; Violence ; Visual Acuity

Eighty cases of malignant effusion were cytologically studied to elucidate the incidence of primary tumor site and cytologic characteristics of each tumor types. Eighty fluid specimens were composed of 43 ascitic, 35 pleural, and 2 pericardial effusion and primary tumor site had been confirmed by histology. The frequent primary sites were stomach (22 cases, 28%), lung (21 cases, 26%), ovary (11 cases, 14%), liver (7 cases, 9%), and breast (4 cases, 5%). The principal malignant tumors were adenocarcinoma (56 cases, 70%), squamous cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), liver cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), small cell carcinoma (4 cases, 5%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4 cases, 5%). The distinctive cytologic findings according to primary tumor types were as follows; the gastric adenocarcinomas were mainly characterized by isolated cells and irregular clusters sometimes with signet ring cells. Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary showed frequently papillary clusters and occasional psammoma bodies. Breast carcinoma of ductal type showed cell balls with smooth margins. Colonic adenocarcinoma showed rather irregular clusters o palisading pattern of cylindrical cells. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, liver cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed also characteristic features. These findings indicate that the cytological features observed in the great majority of malignant effusion are similar to those of primary tumor types, which are very helpful to indentify the primary tumor site.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Colon ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Incidence ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Ovary ; Pericardial Effusion ; Stomach

Retinal arteriovenous crossing sites are important because they are generally the points at which. in branch retinal obstruction, a blockage of venous blood flow occurs. We evaluated retrospectively the cases of 54 patiens wIth a recent temporal branch retinal vein occlusion to determine the relative anatomic position of the obstructed vein in relation to its crossing artery. In 54 (100%) of 54 eyes, the artery lay antenor to the vein, toward the vitreous cavity. In the control corssing site, the artery lay anterior to the vein 41.3% (J9/46) of the time (p<0.01) The second control group, which was obtained by examining all of the first-and second-order, without BRVO, consisted of 103 crossing sites. In this second control group's artenovenous crossmgs, the arteries were situated anteriorly in 83 (80.6%) of 103 crossing sites (p<0.005). Our observation that the artery lies anterior to the vein at the all of BRVO crossing sites contributes further evidence that mechanical factors play a prominent role in the causing BRVO.
Arteries ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Veins

PURPOSE: When the patients with both recurrent and primary pterygia, We performed conjunctival autograft transplantation for recurrent pterygium and bare sclera technique for primary pteygium. We then compared the recurrence of each case in order to find out the usefulness of each surgery and effective mothod of surgery. METHODS: We performed follow-up on 26 eyes of 13 patients for 14 months (mean); 8 patients (16 eyes) were female, and 5 patients (10 eyes) male. The mean age of the patients was 49.5 years ranging from 37 to 63. In the operation, all patients received with 0.02% Mitomycin C for 1 minute. RESULTS: Pterygium recurred in 3 of 13 eyes which underwent bare sclera technigue, and did not recur in 13 eyes undergoing conjunctival autograft transplantation, but there was no significant difference because of a small number of study cases (P=0.07). We found postoperative complications such as corneal fila-ment and conjunctival granuloma in the case of bare sclera technique; but none in conjunctival autograft transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend a conjunctival autograft transplantation with application of low concen-tration of Mitomycin C as a safe and effective method for recurrent pterygium or pterygium with high recurrence rate.
Autografts* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Male ; Mitomycin ; Postoperative Complications ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence* ; Sclera

The major risk factors for diabetics undergoing surgery are the end-organ diseases associated with diabetes. Autonomic neuropathy is relatively common in diabetic patients and associated with an increased risk of perioperative cardiovascular instability. We experienced a case of severe bradycardia and hypotension during general anesthesia for subtotal gastrectomy in a 59 year-old male diabetic patient. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and vecuronium, and was maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen and enflurane. Five minutes after induction, severe bradycardia and hypotension developed without specific events. The bradycardia was unresponsive to intravenous atropine and ephedrine, but the blood pressure was restored by administration of ephedrine. During operation his blood pressure was maintained in normal range but the bradycardia was not restored by additional administration of atropine. Postoperatively, myocardial infarcton was ruled out. The test performed after operation suggested that his cardiovascular autonomic nervous system was severely impaired. We think that cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction should be evaluated during preoperative period to plan the anesthetic management and to prevent severe cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Atropine ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Enflurane ; Ephedrine ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Preoperative Period ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide

The fallowing study was performed in 100 patients undergoing gynecologic lower abdominal surgery. Analgesic efficacy, changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate, and incidence of side effect were observed after epidural injection of the drugs. The patients were devided into two groups (N=50). Group I was given a bolus dose of 1 mg morphine in 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine followed by continuous epidural infusion of morphine 0.05 mg/ml in 0.15% bupivacaine at 2 ml/hr. Group II was given a bolus dose of 100 ug fentanyl in 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine followed by continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl 5 ug/ml in 0.15% bupivacaine at 2 ml/hr. The results were as follows. 1) The pain score (visual analogue pain scale) measured at postoperation 1 hr was significantly decreased in Group II (1.51+/-1.0) compared to group I (2.20+/-1.1). Percentage of patients needed supplemental analgesics within postoperation 20 min was significantly lower in Group II (4%) than Group I (16%). 2) The cardiovascular changes for 2 hrs after epidutal injection were not occurred significant in both groups. 3) The incidence of nausea or vomiting was significantly lower in Group II (8%) than Group I (28%). Pruritus occurred also significantly less often in Group lI (6%) than group I (30%). Urinary retention and respiratory depression were not observed.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Analgesics ; Arterial Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Epidural ; Morphine ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: All currently available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit both cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 and exhibit many complications. It has been suggested that the anti-inflammatory and also most of the analgesic effects of NSAlDs result from an inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolites synthesised via cyclooxygenase-2. In the present study, the extent of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ibuprofen (a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor), indomethacin (a selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor) and NS-398 (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) are investigated in on acute model of arthritis in rats by a behavior test and pathologic examination. METHODS: Arthritis was induced with 2% kaolin and 3% carrageenan into the right knee joint cavity under enflurane anesthesia (2 - 4%). Before and after the injection, rats were allowed to walk freely through a pathway, constructed to record weight load by means of 8 weight sensors attached to 8 plates which function independently. Weight bearing, the weight of rat and the diameter of the knee joint were measured serially before and after the injection. At 6 hours after the injection, ibuprofen, indomethacin and NS-398 were injected intraperitoneally (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg/ml). RESULTS: In the control group, weight bearing decreased maximally and the weight bearing ratio increased maximally at 6 hours after inflammation and the diameter ratio increased maximally 1 day after inflammation. There were improvements in weight bearing with ibuprofen, indomethacin and NS-398 in a dose-dependent manner at 8, 10 and 12 hours after induction of arthritis. NS-398 demonstrated better analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects than ibuprofen or indomethacin at a low dose (1 mg/kg). In contrast to NS-398, significant analgesic effects of indomethacin on the behavior test was not shown at a low dose. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor plays an important role as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arthritis* ; Carrageenan ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Enflurane ; Ibuprofen* ; Indomethacin* ; Inflammation ; Kaolin ; Knee Joint ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats* ; Weight-Bearing

Visible light can induce damage to the susceptible retina and its injurious effect has been studied morphologically and functionally in detail. In order to evaluate the regenerative processes of the retina damaged by visible light in correlation with the degree of the cellular damage, the rat retina was exposed to blue visible light (400-500nm) for 30, 60 and 120 minutes, and examined electron microscopically, immediately and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 weeks after the exposure. The results were as follows. The more increased time of exposure by visible light, the more damage to the photoreceptor, and the more delay in the recovery. We observed the recovery of damage was generally slow, and the pigment epithelium necessary for regeneration of discs was not destroyed in spite of long term exposure of visible light.
Animals ; Epithelium ; Light ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Retina