BACKGROUND: Job holders are groups that have suffered from chronic stressful condition. Nowadays, occupational stress are increasing due to Korean economic crisis. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the stress scores of several kinds of jobs, the relationship between the amount of stress and mental health status, factors associated with stress. METHODS: Among workers who had visited a medical college hospital, Taejeon, Korea, for regular health evaluation from April 1 to June 30 1998, we selected 50 clerks, 50 industrial workers, 50 professionals, 50 service or salesmen and 50 public servants in the survey. A total of 159 workers were evaluated as subjects excluding those who had answered in adequately to the questionnaire. Stress scores were measured by Korean-translated BEPSI(Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument) and Bae Jong Myun's 30-items SRRQ(Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire). Mental health status were checked by Korean-translated SCL-90-R(Symptom checklist-90-Revision). RESULTS: The average BEPSI score of workers was 2.07+/-0.72. The mean score of female workers was 2.27+/-.70 and it was obviously higher than male worker's score of 1.85+/-.66. 20-29 year age group and over 40 year age group's amount of stress were obviously higher than 30-39 year age group. The low education level group had higher stress score than those with high education level but the amount of stress showed no significant difference in the monthly income, job tenure, number of family members to support, hobby and religion. According to occupation, clerks, industrial workers, service or salesmen's stress scores were higher than those of professional or public servants. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation has showed that there is a correlation between the amount of job holder's stress and mental health including somatimtian, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychotism Therefore, we conclude that the best way to stay in good menta
Anxiety ; Daejeon ; Depression ; Education ; Female ; Hobbies ; Hostility ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mental Health* ; Occupations ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Biliary Tract*

No abstract available.
Pelvic Exenteration*

BACKGROUND: Temporary interruption of blood flow to the liver is often unavoidable during operations for extensive injury of the liver or for major liver resection. Following ischemia- reperfusion, transient dysfunction of the liver occurs. It has been suggested that reactive oxygen metabolites play an important role in microvascular reperfusion injury. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dimethylthiourea (DMTU) are known to be antioxidants that scavenge oxygen free radicals to reduce microvascular reperfusion injury. This experiment studied the effect of SOD and DMTU on warm ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver and compared inflow occlusion and hepatic vascular exclusion (HVE) after 20 minutes of ischemia. METHODS: One hundred fourteen healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing around 250 g were used. The rats were divided into control (n=18) and experimental groups (n=96). The control groups included sham, SOD, and DMTU control groups. The experimental groups included inflow occlusion, SOD- pretreated inflow occlusion, DMTU-pretreated inflow occlusion, and inflow and outflow occlusion (HVE) groups. These 4 experimental groups had 24 rats each. The rats were sacrificed immediately, and at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after reperfusion, and specimens were obtained from left anterior lobe of the liver. The specimens were prepared using routine methods for electron-microscope observations. RESULTS: The ultrastructures of the hepatocytes in all the experimental groups were similar to those of the normal control rats after just 20 minutes of ischemia. In the inflow occlusion group, dilatation and sacculation of the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with many electron dense granules were observed in the hepatocytes after 24 hours of reperfusion. In the course of reperfusion, damage progressed until 72 hours after reperfusion. The HVE group showed more serious changes than the inflow occlusion group. The SOD- and the DMTU-treated groups showed clear attenuation of liver damage after 48 and 72 hours of reperfusion.CONCLUSION: The ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes after 20 minutes of ischemia became more prominent by prolonging the reperfusion time. The changes after hepatic inflow occlusion were less prominent than those after HVE. DMTU and SOD attenuated the injury to hepatocytes after warm ischemia-reperfusion.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Dilatation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Free Radicals ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Liver ; Male ; Mitochondria ; Oxygen ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides*

Conjunctivochalasis is an isolated bilateral condition in which redundant conjunctival tissue overlies the lower eyelid margin or covers the lower pmctum. It produces tearing by mechanical obstruction of the lower punctum and/or mechanical disruption of normal outflow of the lacrimal film. A modified surgical technique, simple local excision of redundant conjuctiva in the crescent shape along the plica semilunaris and the lower bulbar conjunctiva between limbus and lower fornix, relieved epiphora in two male patients with redundant conjunctiva near the lower punctum. Surgery was done under the local anesthesia without postoperattve complications. Authers emphasize the importance of careful examination of conjunctivochalasis during ocular examination of patient complaining tearing.
Anesthesia, Local ; Conjunctiva ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Male

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Ecthyma* ; Humans ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

No abstract available.
Rectal Neoplasms*

Purpose: To report a case of congenital trichomegaly.Case summary: A 7-year-old girl visited our clinic with decreased visual acuity. The uncorrected visual acuity was 0.2 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye. The length and number of upper and lower eyelashes were increased. The eyelash length was 10 mm on the peripheral edge and 15 mm in the central area. Trichiasis and ptosis were also noted. There were no abnormal findings in the additional fundus examination or visual evoked potential test. There was no family history of trichomegaly, no abnormalities in blood test results, and no medication history. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up treatment for low visual acuity and mild ptosis under the diagnosis of trichomegaly. Conclusions Trichomegaly is associated with family history, various congenital diseases, and acquired diseases. However, it may occur congenitally, without specific causes.

Purpose: To report treatment failure of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii keratitis in a patient wearing contact lenses for a long time.Case summary: A 48-year-old man using daytime soft lenses for 20 years was transferred due to decreased visual acuity and eye pain. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed a large corneal epithelial defect and stromal infiltration, but no hypopyon. Treatment was initiated with moxifloxacin, polyhexamethylene biguanide eye drops, and oral antibiotics. Corneal infiltration worsened, corneal scrapings and culture were performed. Gram staining showed Gram-positive bacteria, potassium hydroxide (KOH) hyphae-positive, and culture yielded Bacillus. He was hospitalized and vancomycin, voriconazole, and amphotericin B eye drops were administered. Oral antifungal agents were also prescribed. The corneal epithelial defect was restored from temporal side for a while, and then deteriorated with an endothelial plaque. Therefore, voriconazole and amphotericin B were injected intracamerally. All four repeated culture tests were negative. Despite total conjunctival flap, the patient complained of severe pain and eventually underwent evisceration. In the culture of intraocular contents, Acinetobacter baumannii, which is resistant to all drugs except minocycline, was detected. Conclusions In patients wearing contact lens for a long time, not only mixed infection with acanthamoeba and fungi, but also gram-negative bacteria should be considered first, and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii should also be considered.

Natto, Traditional Japanese food fermented by Bacillus Natto, has been well known for a good nutritional food. However it has particular flavor, so most Koreans are not fond of it. That is the reason why, garlic(2%) and ginseng(2%) were added to make Natto, acceptable to Koreans. General soybean Natto(S1), 2% garlic Natto(S2), 2% ginseng Natto(S3) and blacksoybean Natto(S4) were prepared. The proximate composition revealed the most moisture content in S2 among the all samples. The most crude protein, crude fat and ash were found in S4. The non-fibrous and fiber contents were the most in S1 and S3. In the texture characteristics, hardness and gumminess were the highest in S4. The highest springness and cohesiveness were found in S1. Adhesiveness and chewing were the best in S2 and S3. The minerals composition revealed the most calcium content in S3 among the all samples. Fatty acid compositions were mainly consisted of linoleic acid(46.91~48.47%). In the sensory evaluation, S3 showed the best preference, appearance and color. In the aspects of taste and texture, S4 was mostly preferred. Flavor and viscosity of S2 were the best among the all samples. The general soybean Natto(S1) without any addition showed low values in most examinations and tests. In the sensory evaluation, S3 has the best overall acceptability among the all experimental Nattos.
Adhesiveness ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bacillus ; Calcium ; Garlic ; Hardness ; Humans ; Mastication ; Minerals ; Panax ; Soy Foods* ; Soybeans ; Viscosity