No abstract available.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Blood Platelets* ; Child* ; Humans ; Iron* ; Platelet Count*

The p53 gene, one of the tumor suppressor genes, is believed to play an important role through mutation and overexpression in the progression of various human malignant tumors. To compare the p53 mutation status between the primary and metastatic lesions of breast cancers and to investigate the mutational pattern of p53, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) were performed in 25 cases of breast cancers with paraffin embedded tissue. Mutant protein products or point mutation were detected through IHC or PCR-SSCP method. And flow cytometrical (FCM) analysis were performed in the same paraffin blocks to correlate the DNA ploidy and p53 mutation. The following results are summarized. 1. The detection of the p53 gene mutation and overexpression of the p53 protein were measured in 40% and 48%, respectively, in 25 primary tumors, either or both methods was detected in 64%. 2. A concordance rate of the p53 protein expression between the primary and metastatic lesions of 25 breast cancers was 100%, but the concordance rate of the p53 gene mutation was 72%. 3. The correlation between the p53 mutation and the DNA aneuploidy was not statistically significant (p=0.38) 4. A p53 mutation by IHC or PCR-SSCP was more frequently detected in grade III breast cancers than in grade I or II. 5. Among 5 to 9 exons of the p53 gene, exon 7 was the most frequent mutation spot in this study. 6. Additional mutation of the p53 gene was developed in the three metastatic lesions. With the above results it is suggested that the p53 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry is not correlated with the p53 mutation by PCR-SSCP. The p53 mutation pattern between the primary and metastatic lesions are not idenitical and an additional point mutation can occur in the metastatic lesion. The DNA aneuploidy is more frequently detected in the cases with the p53 protein overexpression than in the p53 protein negative, but it is not statistically significant.
Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA* ; Exons ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mutant Proteins ; Paraffin ; Ploidies* ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

The p53 gene, one of the tumor suppressor genes, is believed to play an important role through mutation and overexpression in the progression of various human malignant tumors. To compare the p53 mutation status between the primary and metastatic lesions of breast cancers and to investigate the mutational pattern of p53, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) were performed in 25 cases of breast cancers with paraffin embedded tissue. Mutant protein products or point mutation were detected through IHC or PCR-SSCP method. And flow cytometrical (FCM) analysis were performed in the same paraffin blocks to correlate the DNA ploidy and p53 mutation. The following results are summarized. 1. The detection of the p53 gene mutation and overexpression of the p53 protein were measured in 40% and 48%, respectively, in 25 primary tumors, either or both methods was detected in 64%. 2. A concordance rate of the p53 protein expression between the primary and metastatic lesions of 25 breast cancers was 100%, but the concordance rate of the p53 gene mutation was 72%. 3. The correlation between the p53 mutation and the DNA aneuploidy was not statistically significant (p=0.38) 4. A p53 mutation by IHC or PCR-SSCP was more frequently detected in grade III breast cancers than in grade I or II. 5. Among 5 to 9 exons of the p53 gene, exon 7 was the most frequent mutation spot in this study. 6. Additional mutation of the p53 gene was developed in the three metastatic lesions. With the above results it is suggested that the p53 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry is not correlated with the p53 mutation by PCR-SSCP. The p53 mutation pattern between the primary and metastatic lesions are not idenitical and an additional point mutation can occur in the metastatic lesion. The DNA aneuploidy is more frequently detected in the cases with the p53 protein overexpression than in the p53 protein negative, but it is not statistically significant.
Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA* ; Exons ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mutant Proteins ; Paraffin ; Ploidies* ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.

Large-cell acanthoma is a generally hyperkeratotic, sharply demarcated patch on sun-exposed skin with the outstanding pathologic feature being composed of large, relatively uniform keratinocytes. We describe a case of large-cell acanthoma that involved the skin of the nasal bridge. Patient was a 56-year-old women with a tannish brown patch, 2 cm in size and of 5 years' duration. Controversial issues about nosologic entity of large cell acanthoma are discussed.
Female ; Humans

The purpose of this study is to explore perception types and to understand the nature of experience of nursing students' clinical education by using the Q methodology. A Q sample was developed through a review of the literature and descriptions about nursing students' experience in clinical practice. Thirty-six statements made up the finalized Q sample. The P sample consisted of 33 third grade nursing students in K university. Q statements were written on separate cards and were given to the 33 subjects to sort according to degree of agreement or disagreement. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analysed with the Quanl PC program. A a result, three major perception types, namely, 'alienation of ideal and reality', 'active participation', and 'perception of limitation of ability' were identified. By identifying the nature of the three types, this study suggests efficient strategies for developing clinical educational programs according to the perception types of nursing students. Clinical education would thereby be more valuable.
Education* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Q-Sort ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore perception of clinical experience between the initial and final practice and to explore changes in the perception of clinical experience. METHODS: The study used a Q-method to measure perception of clinical practice. Thirty-six statements made up the finalized Q-sample. The P sample used thirty three nursing college students from K university. The initial collection was done in the first semester of their junior year and second collection was done in the last semester of their senior year. The Q-sorts by each student were coded and analysed with the Quanl PC program. RESULTS: Many students classified as having the perception type 'alienation of ideal and reality' or 'perception of limitation of ability' in the initial clinical practice changed to the type, 'active participation' by the final clinical practice. Further, in the initial clinical practice, part of 'active participation' and 'perception of limitation of ability' changed to 'alienation of ideal and reality'. CONCLUSION: This study shows that perception of their clinical practice by student nurses changed in a positive direction through clinical experience and that this fact was related to the level of satisfaction with nursing. The knowledge and understanding obtained in this research provide insights for nursing faculty and students involved in nursing education.
Education, Nursing ; Faculty, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing ; Q-Sort

Either increased cellular proliferation or decreased death might result in an expansion of their numbers in the oncogenic process. Cellular apoptosis represents an autonomous suicide pathway that helps to restrict the cell number. However bcl-2 and mutant p53 inhibit programmed cell death. To determine whether the bcl-2 gene is activated during colorectal tumorigenesis and whether it has any relationship with p53 and apoptosis, we studied the expression of bcl-2 and p53 in the normal colonic mucosa, in the adenomatous polyps and in the adenocarcinomas using the immunohistochemical method. Also we evaluated the status of apoptosis using the in situ end labeling method. The bcl-2 immunoreactivity was restricted to the basal epithelial cells of all normal colonic mucosa and they were expressed in all adenomas and 86% of adenocarcinomas, especially in the superficial lesion of some tumors. Mutations of p53 were not found in the normal colonic mucosa, but they were present in dysplastic cells of adenomas (52%) and in cancer cells of the adenocarcinomas (47%). Apoptosis was confined to the tips of the normal colonic mucosa. It was more easily detected in the p53-positive adenomas than in the p53-negative adenomas (p=0.010). In the adenocarcinomas, the findings of apoptotic process are not related with p53 mutation (p=0.3) and bcl-2 expression (p=0.187). p53 and bcl-2 are probably one step of several apoptotic processes in the adenocarcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenoma* ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Colon ; Epithelial Cells ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Mucous Membrane ; Suicide

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender role identity and health behavior and to explore the relationship between gender role identity and health behavior among university student. METHOD: Participants were 245 university students who lived in Daegu. Each participant was administered the KGRII (Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory), and Healthy Life Style: A self-test provided by ODDHP National Health Information Center. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, chi2-test with SPSS 11.0 PC Program. RESULT: 1. As a result of health behavior level, male students had more health risk behavior problems than female students in smoking(p=.00) and drinking (p=.03). Female students had more health risk behavior problems than male students in exercise and physical activity(p=.00). 2. For female students, feminity type (29.3%) was most common, subjects of undifferentiated type was 26.4%. For male students, masculinity type(32.4%) was most prevalent, and androgenic type was 31.4%. 3. Androginy typed group had more healthy behavior compared with other gender role identity typed group. In contrast, undifferentiated typed group had more high risk behavior compared with other typed group for all of health behavior. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gender role identity is a stronger predictor of heath related variable than is sex of subject. Therefore effect methods to develop health promotion program should consider not only sex difference but gender role identity.
Daegu ; Drinking ; Female ; Gender Identity* ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Information Centers ; Life Style ; Male ; Masculinity ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Characteristics