Method: In this study, a modification of the Vauzelle method of wake up test was employed. A relatively new analgesic drug, nalbuphine Hydrochloride, was used in a balanced anesthetic technique, in searching for a better methid of anesthesia that will allow awakening and spinal cord monitoring during surgey. Results: All patients were sucessfully awakened and were able to move their feet on command in 2 to 5 minutes (mean = 3.3 min. ) after the surgeon requested for the test. All patients were breathing spontaneously after the muscle relaxant was partially reversed. None required naloxone for the procedure. No complications related to the test were noted, such as self- extubation nor excessive struggling that may jeopardize the rod fixation. There were no neurological complications in this series. Conclusion: The result of our study in 5 patients indicate that balanced anesthesia with nalbuphine hydrochloride can be recommended for intraoperative awakening to monitor spinal cord function during surgery. The rapid return of wakefulness effective analgesia, reduced blood loss, stable cardiovascular system and minimal respiratory depression, make it one of the anesthetics of choice for the special procedure.
Human ; SCOLIOSIS ; NALBUPHINE ; ANESTHESIA

This study was performed to compare the effects of epidural morphine and nalbuphine with general anesthesia for relief of pain after abdominal surgery. Patients were devided into three groups like Group I(General anesthesia), II(Epidural mor- phine) and III(Epidural nalbuphine). Pain score, gas passing and ambulation time were checked in all groups respectively. And side effects inclduing urinary retention and respiratory changes were evaluated too. The results were as follow. 1) The effects of epidural morphine and nalbuphine on pain relief were better than general anesthesia. And the effect of epidural morphine was superior to epidural nalbuphine too. 2) Ambulation time was the shortest in epidural morphine group. 3) Urinary retention, gas pasing time and respiratory changes were similar in a11 groups.
Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Morphine* ; Nalbuphine* ; Urinary Retention ; Walking

Nalbuphine, a mixed agonist-antagonist type opioid, can precipitate abstinence syndrome in opioid-dependent patients especially in large doses. We can prevent this syndrome by avoiding the injection of agonist-antagonist type opioid to the patient who already has used opioid for a long time, and the method of relatively small dose increments in its use. We experienced a case of opioid withdrawal symptom in chronically morphine-administered patient via epidural catheter after using intramuscular nalbuphine for analgesia. The symptom was promptly relieved by intravascular morphine injection without any problems.
Analgesia ; Catheters ; Humans ; Morphine ; Nalbuphine* ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of preemptive analgesia is still controversial. This study was designed to compare the effects of nalbuphine used in the pre-anesthesia period and after surgery for pain control when performing adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy in children. METHODS: Two hundreds four patients (aged 3 to 12 years) were randomly allocated into two groups: the preemptive group (group P, n = 98) and the intraoperative group (group I, n = 106). Nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg was administered into the patients before induction of anesthesia in group P and it was injected at least 10 minutes after the beginning of surgery in group I. The anesthesia was performed in the conventional fashion. The pain score, the sedation score and the agitation score were checked and recorded in the postanesthetic room (PAR) at arrival (0), at 15 minutes and at 30 minutes. RESULTS: The pain scores for PAR 0, 15 and 30 minutes were significantly lower in group I than those in group P. The other sedation scores or agitation scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nalbuphine used during the pre-anesthetic period was less effective than that used in the intraoperative period for pain control when performing adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy in children.
Adenoidectomy ; Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Child ; Dihydroergotamine ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Nalbuphine ; Tonsillectomy

BACKGROUND: The effect of epidural analgesia for labor on obstetric outcome is controversial. The purpose of this study is evaluating the influence of epidural analgesia on cesarean section in nulliparous women. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 979 nulliparous women ASA graded I - II. EPI (n = 230) was received epidural analgesia with 0.2% ropivacaine and 75microgram fentanyl. N-EPI (n = 749) was received no epidural analgesia but nalbuphine 10 mg intramuscularly. We compared the rate and causes of cesarean section, instrumental delivery rate and fetal outcomes between EPI and N-EPI. RESULTS: Cesarean section rate was not different between the EPI (18%) and N-EPI (23%). Causes of cesarean section were progress failure (83% in EPI and 80% in N-EPI) and fetal distress (17% in EPI and 20% in N-EPI) and there were no differences between two groups. Instrumental delivery rate was higher in EPI (8%) than N-EPI (5%). Fetal outcome was not different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia did not increase cesarean section rate and did not influence on causes of cesarean section. But epidural analgesia increased the vacuum delivery rate.
Amides ; Analgesia, Epidural ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Fetal Distress ; Humans ; Nalbuphine ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Vacuum

Cardiovascualar effects of a verapamil infusion were investigated in six dogs given nalbuphine-nitrous anesthesia. Verapamil 0.2 mg/kg was given followed by an infusion of 3 and 6 mcg/kg per minute. Verapamil significantly reduced the systemic vascular resistanee index and mean arterial pressure. The decrease in afterload led to an increase in cardiac index, since was little change in myocardial contractility(LV dp/dt). Administration of calcium chloride, 20 mg/kg, did not reverse tbe hemodynamic effects of verapamil. The data indicate that in dogs verapamil be even in high concentrations, during nalbuphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia without serious adverse hemodynamic sequences.
Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Calcium Chloride ; Dogs ; Hemodynamics ; Nalbuphine* ; Nitrous Oxide* ; Verapamil*

To compare the respiratory depressant effect of nalbuphine and morphine, six healthy male volunteers (mean age 26 yr) were given the nalbuphine at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg and morphine at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg intravenously, at intervals of 2 weeks in a double-blind laboratory study. Respiratory depression was monitored by ventilatory responses during CO2 rebreathing at 1 min, 30 min, 60 min and 90 min after injection. The displacement (mean intercept at Petco2 60 mmHg) and the slope of the linear relationship between minute ventilation with Petco2 were measured, There were no significant differences in the slope and the displacement of CO2 response curve between nalbuphine group and morphine group. Also, no significant differences in the slope and the displacement among 1 min, 30 min, 60 min and 90 min after injection of nalbuphine and morphine were noted. These findings demonstrate that the respiratory depressant effect of nalbuphine in similar to morphine at equianalgesic dose, and occurs within 10 min, and continues more than 90 min.
Healthy Volunteers* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Male ; Morphine* ; Nalbuphine* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ventilation ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND: The present study was performed to elicit what effect nalbuphine would have on isoflurane MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) in the patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. METHODS: Sixty-two women were randomly allocated to one of five study groups to receive an intravenous injection of no nalbuphine (group I), 0.25 mg/kg (group II), 0.5 mg/kg (group III), 1.0 mg/kg (group IV), 1.5 mg/kg (group V). Anesthesia and tracheal intubation were induced with propofol 2 mg/kg, succinylcholine 1 mg/kg. Patients were inhaled at a preset end-tidal concentration of isoflurane, which was maintained for 20 min. Response to skin incision, movement or no movement, was determined 30 minutes after nalbuphine injection. The isoflurane concentration of the next patient in the same group moved up or down in steps of 0.1~0.3%, according to the previous patient's response. MAC was determined using the "up-down" method and logistic regression. RESULTS: The MAC's of isoflurane were 1.09 vol% end-tidal in the control group, 0.89 vol% in group II, 0.65 vol% in group III, 0.55 vol% in group IV, and 0.51 vol% in group V. CONCLUSIONS: It would be suggested that nalbuphine dose-dependently reduce the isoflurane MAC, and have ceiling effect on the reduction of isoflurane MAC.
Anesthesia ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation ; Isoflurane* ; Logistic Models ; Nalbuphine* ; Propofol ; Skin ; Succinylcholine

BACKGROUND: Ketorolac is a potent anlagesic drug which has anti-inflammatory action and this drug may decrease the needed amount of opioids when used together with them for postoperative pain control. Preemptive analgesia with these drugs is still controversial. The analgesic effect and the presence of preemptive analgesia of a nalbuphine-ketorolac combination were examined in upper abdominal surgical patients. METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery were randomly allocated into two groups. Each group received 10 mg of nalbuphine as a bolus dose just before starting IV-PCA which contained nalbuphine 70 mg and ketorolac 150 mg in 88 ml of 5% dextrose water. Group I (n=15) received drugs before starting the operation and group II received them at the end of the operation. The basal rate, PCA dose and lock-out interval were 1.5 ml, 1.5 ml and 10 minutes, respectively. In each group, the postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, degree of satisfaction, total amount of drug used and side effects were checked and compared with corresponding figures in the other group for two postoperative days. RESULTS: Postoperative pain after upper abdominal surgery was controlled well in all patients and there were no significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups. Most patients were satisfied with this regimen. There were no remarkable side effects. Preemptive analgesia of nalbuphine-ketorolac combination was not found. CONCLUSIONS: IV-PCA administration of nalbuphine 70 mg and ketorolac 150 mg combination is an effective method to control postoperative pain in upper abdominal surgical patients. Preemptive analgesia is not found with this regimen.
Analgesia ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Glucose ; Humans ; Ketorolac ; Nalbuphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Water

BACKGROUND: The anesthesia machine PhysioFlex was especially constructed to deliver anesthetics in a closed circuit system. In this anesthesia machine the concentrations of the respiratory gases and the gas volume in the circle system are automatically controlled by a feedback mechanism. The aim of this study is to introduce 1,132 patients who have received general anesthesia in a closed circuit system using PhysioFlex, and to calculate the real consumed amount of oxygen and nitrous oxide, and to describe the advantages and disadvantages of PhysioFlex for clinical uses. METHOD: The author used a PhysioFlex in cases of 1,132 various surgical interventions. After induction with thiopentone and suxamethonium, general anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in 50% oxygen and enflurane (or isoflurane, halothane) and supplemented with nalbuphine and pancuronium. These cases were analyzed by their sex, age, height, weight, method of airway maintenance during general anesthesia, operation position, anesthesia time, and arterial blood gases by review of anesthesia records. Average minute-consumed amount of oxygen and nitrous oxide was calculated by recording every 30 seconds throughout the anesthesia procedures except preoxygenation and flush periods. The advantages and disadvantages of PhysioFlex were described on the base of the author's clinical experience. RESULTS: The anesthetic technique of the closed circuit system by PhysioFlex could be used adequately for any surgical procedures. In this system consumed amounts of oxygen and nitrous oxide were 179.72+/-2.48 ml/min and 88.49+/-2.78 ml/min respectively. The author found out several advantages and few disadvantages of PhysioFlex for its clinical uses. CONCLUSIONS: Closed circuit system of PhysioFlex anesthesia machine offer numerous advantages such as reduction of gas consumption, low cost, less pollution in both the operating theater and the environment, increase in inspired gas humidity, easy handling of machine, and excellent respiratory alarm systems.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Enflurane ; Gases ; Humans ; Humidity ; Isoflurane ; Nalbuphine ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Pancuronium ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental