Dental avulsion, defined as the complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone with consequent loss of the blood and nerve supply, was reported as one of the most severe dental injuries. Avulsion can cause tissue ischemia, which leads to pulp necrosis.Apexification is a conventional treatment method that induces an apical calcified barrier in immature roots with pulp necrosis. However, root development characterized by an increase in the root thickness and length cannot be achieved by apexification.The purpose of this case report was to describe the radiographic and clinical outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment for the avulsed and necrosed permanent tooth with an immature root after replantation in a 5-year-old girl; the treatment was performed using a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and cefaclor, CollaTape and Biodentine.
Apexification ; Cefaclor ; Child, Preschool ; Ciprofloxacin ; Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Methods ; Metronidazole ; Replantation ; Tooth

In this study, total fluoride (TF) in commercial toothpastes for children in Korea was evaluated and compared with the fluoride concentration declared by the manufacturer (Declared F). Additionally, total soluble fluoride (TSF) was evaluated and compared with TF.Ten toothpastes were coded with letters to allow blind analysis. For evaluation of TF, each toothpaste was homogenized in deionized water. For evaluation of TSF, each toothpaste was centrifuged and then, the supernatant of the sample was evaluated. Fluoride concentrations were assessed using a fluoride electrode coupled to an ion analyzer.Only one toothpaste showed lower TF concentration than Declared F. In all toothpastes, TSF was similar to the TF.
Child ; Dentifrices ; Electrodes ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Korea ; Toothpastes ; Water

Objective: It is difficult to predict the treatment response of tissue after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) because radiation necrosis (RN) and tumor recurrence can coexist. Our study aimed to predict tumor recurrence, including the recurrence site, after SRS of brain metastasis by performing a longitudinal tumor habitat analysis. Materials and Methods: Two consecutive multiparametric MRI examinations were performed for 83 adults (mean age, 59.0 years; range, 27–82 years; 44 male and 39 female) with 103 SRS-treated brain metastases. Tumor habitats based on contrastenhanced T1- and T2-weighted images (structural habitats) and those based on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) images (physiological habitats) were defined using k-means voxel-wise clustering. The reference standard was based on the pathology or Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncologycriteria for brain metastases (RANO-BM). The association between parameters of single-time or longitudinal tumor habitat and the time to recurrence and the site of recurrence were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Dice similarity coefficient, respectively. Results: The mean interval between the two MRI examinations was 99 days. The longitudinal analysis showed that an increase in the hypovascular cellular habitat (low ADC and low CBV) was associated with the risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–4.91; P = 0.001). During the single-time analysis, a solid low-enhancing habitat (low T2 and low contrast-enhanced T1 signal) was associated with the risk of recurrence (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.01–2.35; P= 0.045). A hypovascular cellular habitat was indicative of the future recurrence site (Dice similarity coefficient = 0.423). Conclusion After SRS of brain metastases, an increased hypovascular cellular habitat observed using a longitudinal MRI analysis was associated with the risk of recurrence (i.e., treatment resistance) and was indicative of recurrence site. A tumor habitat analysis may help guide future treatments for patients with brain metastases.

We report the case of a patient with cardiac tamponade and pericarditis in type B intramural hematoma. A 75-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department presenting with general weakness and dizziness for several hours and hemodynamic collapse. Thoracic echocardiography and computed tomography (CT) showed a large pericardial effusion and aortic intramural hematoma but no evidence of aortic dissection. Therefore, we concluded that the intramural hematoma did not involve the ascending aorta and thus immediately performed pericardiocentesis. Follow-up CT showed no pericardial effusion or specific changes in the range or depth of the intramural hematoma, and she was discharged continuing colchicines and ibuprofen therapy for acute pericarditis. Cardiac tamponade in type B intramural hematoma is extremely rare. Prompt diagnosis and initial treatment resulted in a substantial improvement in clinical status.
Aged ; Aorta ; Cardiac Tamponade* ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Echocardiography ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardiocentesis ; Pericarditis*