This study investigated the epidemiology (prevalence, risk factors, and impact on quality of life) of knee pain and its severity in elderly Koreans. The subjects (n=3,054) were participants aged > or =50 yr from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted in 2010. Knee pain was defined as pain in the knee lasting > or =30 days during the most recent 3 months; severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. EQ-5D was used to measure quality of life. The prevalence of knee pain was 23.1% (11.7% in men, 31.9% in women). The prevalences of mild, moderate, and severe knee pain were 4.3%, 9.1%, and 9.7%, respectively (2.8%, 5.4%, and 3.5% in men and 5.4%, 12.0%, and 14.4% in women). Old age, female gender, a low level of education, a manual occupation, obesity, and radiographic osteoarthritis were risk factors for knee pain, and were associated with increased severity of knee pain. Excluding men with mild knee pain, people with knee pain had significantly lower quality of life than those without knee pain. Early interventional approaches are needed to reduce the medical, social, and economic burden of knee pain in elderly Koreans.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Odds Ratio ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/complications/epidemiology/radiography ; Pain/*epidemiology/etiology ; Prevalence ; *Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Factors

PURPOSE: To evaluate the urodynamic findings in diabetics complaining of urinary voiding symptoms, the retrospective study was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 5 years, from Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1997, urodynamic findings on 76 diabetics(49 males and 27 females) with voiding dysfunction were assessed and classified into; 1, detrusor instability, 2, impaired detrusor contractility, 3, detrusor areflexia, 4, indeterminate, 5, normal. Diabetic patients who had diseases of influential potentiality on bladder function were excluded out. A detailed history of diabetes, past and present medical history were reviewed. In addition, a thorough voiding history, urine culture, blood chemistry and physical examination were determinate. Ophthalmic examination by ophthalmologist and sacral reflex arc examination by urologist were also examined. Those with abnormal sacral reflex arc(absent bulbocavernous reflex, lax anal sphincter tone and control) were deemed sacral cord signs positive, and those with intact sacral reflexes were deemed sacral cord signs negative. RESULTS: The urodynamic findings of 76 diabetic patients were distributed into 25(32.9%) detrusor instability 23(30.3%) impaired detrusor contractility, 21 (27.8%) detrusor areflexia, 6(7.9%) indeterminate and 1 (1.3%) normal. Thirty six(47.4%) of them had retinopathy and 27(35.5%) had positive sacral cord sign, those complications took place most frequently in diabetics with detrusor areflexia. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic cystopathy revealed various patterns of bladder dysfunction, and detrusor areflexia patients showed high incidence of retinopathy and positive sacral cord sign. It is necessary that urodynamic studies should be done in diabetic cystopathy to characterize the treatment of voiding dysfunction.
Anal Canal ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Reflex ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics*

BACKGROUND: Carcinomas of the gallbladder have a poor prognosis, and the only chance for cure lies in early detection and complete surgical resection. The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of surgical treatment for gallbladder carcinomas, with special reference to the histopathologic characteristics. METHODS: Seventy patients with gallbladder carcinomas were operated on during a period of seven years. Of those 42 patients underwent a resection for cure and were included in this study. The clinicopathologic data were collected, and the survival was measured. RESULTS: The resection rate was 60.0%. Operative morbidity and mortality were 14.3% and 4.8%, respectively. The 3-year survival rate after resection was 61.1%. The survival rate was significantly higher in patients with negative lymph-node metastasis and in those with a curative resection. Regional lymph-node metastasis, venous invasion, lymphatic permeation, and perineural infiltration increased with the depth of tumor invasion. In cases limited to the mucosa, no lymph-node metastasis or other extensions were observed. In patients with stage I gallbladder carcinomas, the outcome was good after a simple cholecystectomy alone. In stage II to IV, the survival rate for patients with a radical resection was higher than that for those with a simple cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival in gallbladder carcinomas can be achieved by a radical resection, including various types of liver resections and regional lymphadenectomies. Patients with tumors limited to the mucosa can be treated for cure by a simple cholecystectomy. In more advanced stages, a radical resection should be performed.
Cholecystectomy ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mortality ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Current researeh indicates that making among young adults tends to persist into later life. Furthermare, numerous studies have proven the harmful effects of female stmoking on their offspring. These trends have produced a wide variety of(social, medical and economic) problems. This study is aimed at obtaining basic information to help prevent patential smokers from trying their first cigarette as well as to instruct to stop smoking. This study involves the following: a) investigating general factors affecting the smoking status of college students in addition to the deterents to smoking b) seeking to understand the familial influence on smoking status c) resesrching how smokers, ex-smokers and non-smakers perceive their familial influence on their smoking status. METHODS: In June 1998, a self-administered questiannaire was distributed to 800 students of two junior colleges by random sampling in Po'hang. 720 were returned and 642 displayed adequate respanses. The questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and EXCEL software. RESULTS: Among the tatal of 642 subjects studied, 220 were males(34.3%) and 422 femaks(66.7%). Of the male subjets 149(67%) were smokers, 46(21% ) were ex-smokers and 25(11.3%) were non smokers. Of the female subjcts 22(5.2%) were smokers, 399(92.9%) were ex-smokers and 11(2.6%) were non smokers. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was as follows:79 subjects(46.2%) smoked 10-20 cigarettes, 55(33.2%) smoked less than 10 and 37(21.6%) smoked more than a pack of cigarette. When considering the related factors which affect student smoking it is evident that there is a growing tendency toward smoking among male students when they have dose friends who are smokers and who cansume alcohol on a weekly basis. About the motives of smoking, there was a significant difference between the following two cases. Those(36.2%) who successfully quit smoking had started to smoke through solicitation by friends, but only 2.7% were successful if they had started to smoke to relieve stress When it comes to the influence of familial factors on successful versus unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking, the status of family smokers, whether or not smokers made their habit obvious to family members and whether or not the family allowed smoking did nat have any noticeable statistical difference between continuation of smoking and smoking cessation. However there was an obviaus difference among ex-smokers, non smokers and smokers when they responded as to whether or not their family had an effect on smoking status and smoking cessation:ex-smokers(38.4%), non-smokers(30.6%) and smokers(17.0%). CONCLUSIONS: In the light of the related factors attributed to the continuation of smoking in this study, it was revealed that there was a higher possibility of current smoking when the subject were a male and have close friends who smoked and had a higher level of average alcohol cansumption. this study also indicated that the continued smoking rate was higher among irdividuals who started smoking because of stress than those who began smoking as a result of peer pressure. There was no significant relatianship between smoking status and familial influence on smoking cessation between smokers and ex-smokers, but ex-smokers and non smokers had more awarness of familial influence than smokers.
Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products ; Young Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is very rare tumor and comprises about 0.4% of all prostatic carcinomas. The metastatic form of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is similar to that of the adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Common sites of metastasis are pelvic lymph node and bone. At presentation, half of patients have evidence of metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes, bone, brain, liver, bladder and seminal vesicles. Especially, epididymal metastasis from mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is uncommon and only 15 cases was reported in the literature. We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastasis to the epididymis and discuss the clinicopathologic features of this lesion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Brain ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mucins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Seminal Vesicles ; Urinary Bladder

Orthopedic surgical procedures are associated with a variety of complications due to em- bolic phenomena. Fat embolism syndrome is associated with multiple trauma injuries and surgery involving longbone fractures. The pathogenesis of syndrome is not clear and treatment remains supportive. We experienced a case of pulmonary embolism associated with total hip replacement. We suspected embolism on pulmonary perfusion scan and diagnosed fat embolism with criteria for diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome by Gurd.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Diagnosis ; Embolism ; Embolism, Fat ; Femur Neck* ; Femur* ; Multiple Trauma ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Embolism*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of conservative treatment of zone I, II 5th metatarsal base fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2004 and June 2010, a total of 58 patients of zone I, II 5th metatarsal base fractures were included in this study. The mean length of follow-up was 13.5 months (12~36 months). All of the patients were treated with full-weight-bearing short leg cast immobilization for 4 weeks and wooden sole shoes for 4 weeks. The results were evaluated about the radiographic union, the midfoot scale of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), the tenderness on fracture site and other complications. RESULTS: All patients were able to return to their prior levels of activity. The mean time for union as shown on radiographs was 45.5 days, and the mean midfoot scale of AOFAS was 99.7 points. There were no nonunions or refractures during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: The conservative treatment with full-weight-bearing short leg cast and wooden sole shoes seems to give good results for zone I, II 5th metatarsal base fracture.
Animals ; Ankle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Leg ; Metatarsal Bones ; Shoes

The prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph ALL) who relapsed after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is poor. Imatinib mesylate (Glivec (R) ) is an inhibitor of the ABL tyrosine kinase with potent antileukemic activity in advanced Ph ALL. The clinical effects of imatinib on Ph ALL recurring after allo-SCT have not been established. We describe the clinical activity of imatinib in a 7 year-old boy with Ph ALL relapsing after unrelated donor stem cell transplantation. Imatinib as a single agent resulted in rapid elimination of leukemic cells with ensuing prolonged neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Subsequent hematological recovery by donor-derived cells was associated with grade 3 graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), which responded to cyclosporine A and steroid. Imatinib successfully induced hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular remission of Ph ALL, and restored complete donor chimerism, along with controllable GvHD.
Child* ; Chimerism ; Cyclosporine ; Cytogenetics ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Mesylates* ; Neutropenia ; Philadelphia Chromosome* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Stem Cells* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tissue Donors ; Unrelated Donors* ; Imatinib Mesylate

PURPOSE: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) grafted from HLA-matched parents. METHODS: Seven children with acute leukemia (4 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 3 acute myeloid leukemia) in first complete remission received allogeneic HSCT from their respective parents at the St. Marys Hospital between April, 1999 and October, 2005. The median age of patients at transplantation was 5 years (range, 1-11 years; 2 male, 5 female) and the median age of donors was 35 years (range, 30-41 years; 5 male, 2 female). We investigated the clinical outcomes such as engraftment, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplant-related morbidity and mortality, relapse and survival. RESULTS: Median time from transplantation to last follow-up was 69.5 months (range, 18.8-96.5 months). All patients were successfully engrafted, with a median time of 11 days (range, 10-16 days) and 26 days (range, 13-39 days) for neutrophil and platelet recovery, respectively. Grade II acute GVHD occurred in 3, and grade III acute GVHD in 1 of 7 recipients. Extensive chronic GVHD developed in 2, and limited chronic GVHD in 1 of 7 recipients. Death from transplant-related complications occurred in 1, and relapse occurred in 1 of 7 recipients. Estimated 5-year overall survival was 83+/-15%. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of recipients who underwent HSCT from HLA-matched parents were comparable to those of patients who received HSCT grafted from HLA-matched sibling donors in childhood leukemia. HLA typing of parents, as well as siblings will increase the likelihood of finding an HLA-matched family donor for patients who need HSCT.
Blood Platelets ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Parents ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Siblings ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

A precise estimation of prostate volume with transrectal ultrasound would help to determine the appropriate therapy. To determine the most accurate means of volume estimation 39 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound with 14 separate methods of volume estimation. All patients underwent subsequent suprapubic prostatectomy. Prostate specimen weights were compared with the results of each volume estimation method. The most accurate method to estimate prostate weight (r = 0.94) was the ellipsoid volume formula, widely used as an alternative to planimetry, which overestimated the weight of the prostate in 33 of 39 cases (84.5%) with an average error of 7.5 gm. (13.6%). A large portion of the error in the application of this ellipsoid volume formula was the inclusion of transverse dimension.
Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Prostate* ; Prostatectomy ; Ultrasonography* ; Weights and Measures