Ultrasonography is a predominantly accurate, relatively simple unique diagnsotic method of obstructive jaundice. The ultrasonographic findings of obstructive jaundice are dilated intra- and extrahepatic duct with intraluminal hyperreflective echo or mass in and/or around the bile duct. The superiority of high resolution real time ultrasonography for the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice is based on the easy detectability of extra-and intrahepatic bile ducts by its multiple sectional images in a short time, the flexibility of probe and the small crystal size. Author evaluated real time sonographic findings 46 obstructive jaundice patients confirmed by surgery or radiographical examinations. The results were: 1. Diameter of extrahepatic duct in obstructive jaundice were varied from normal to 4.0 cm, mostly 8 to 10 mm in diameter (26%). Degree of dilatation of biliary duct appeared more prominent in cancer patients than any other causes of obstruction. 2. The site of obstruction was detected in85% (39/46) and its common site was common bile duct in 63% (29/46). 3. The diagnostic accuracy of choledocholithiasis and cancer was 82% (22/27) and 44% (4/9), respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the real time ultrasonography in obstructive jaundice was over all 75% (34/46).
Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Methods ; Pliability ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytohistologic correlation and the clinical significance among patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) identified on cervical Pap smear screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic reports of patients who have underwent cervical Pap smear screening at Korea university Ansan hospital from January 1997 to December 1998 were evaluated. Cytologic diagnosis was classified by the Bethesda System (TBS). Among these patients, the patients whose histologic diagnosis was established by cervical punch biopsy, LEEP, conization, and hysterectomy were targetted. Cytohistologic correlation were analysed in ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL respectively. RESULTS: During 2 year period (1997-1998), total 3587 Pap smears were taken. The median rate of abnormal cytology was 7.2%, with 4.6% of ASCUS, 0.8% of LSIL, 1.3% of HSIL, and 0.5% of squamous cell carcinoma. The median ratio of ASCUS versus SIL was 2.2. Smears with ASCUS showed 46.9% with chronic cervicitis, 40.6% with LSIL(35.9% with koilocytotic atypia, 4.7% with mild dysplasia), 10.9% with HISL, and 1.6% with invasve squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. Smears with LSIL showed 38.1% with LSIL(9.5% with koilocytotic atypia, 28.6% with mild dysplasia), and 28.6% with HSIL on biopsy. Smears with HSIL showed 27.8% with LSIL, 63.9% with HSIL, and 8.3% with invasive squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Smears with ASCUS showed 53.1% with SIL and cancer on biopsy. But most of theses cases revealed koilocytotic atypia rather than dysplasia, so conservative management such as repeated Pap smear is desirable. On the other hand, because smears with LSIL showed dysplasia rather than koilocytotic atypia on biopsy, more active management such as colposcopic directed biopsy is required.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Conization ; Diagnosis ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hand ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Uterine Cervicitis

A large amount of corneal astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty is a common problem. The purpose of this study was to find out which is the best suture method to minimize the postoperative corneal astigmatism. Among 35 eyes there were 7 eyes in interrupted suture group, 14 eyes in continuous suture group, and 14 eyes in combined suture group. In order to minimize postoperative astigmatism selective suture removal was done in interrupted suture group or combined suture group, and suture tension adjustment was made in continuous suture group. At postoperative 20 months the mean astigmastism was 5.97D in interrupted suture group, 3.66D in continuous suture group and 2.87D in combined suture group, respectively. There was no statistical significance. In spite of statistical insignificance, the astigmatism of continuous or combined suture group after penetrating keratoplasty was smaller than that of interrupted suture group after penetrating keratoplasty.
Astigmatism* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Sutures*

We analyzed corneal astigmatic change on patients after phacoemulsification with scleral pocket incision, according to incision length and suture methods. The patients were divided into 4 groups and followed up at least for 2 months. The four groups were 5.5 mm incision length with horizontal suture technique group, 5.5 mm incision length with sutureless technique group, 6.5 mm - 7.0 mm incision length with horizontal suture technique group and 6.5 mm - 7.0 mm incision length withsutureless technique group. Inall groups, there was slightly increasing tendency of against the rule astigmatism, but less than 0.54 D(average). Among the patients with 5.5 mm incision length, horizontal suture group had almost the same astigmatic change as sutureless group(p=0.44, t-test), and with horizontal suture technique, 5.5 mm group had a tendency of less astigmatic change than 6.5 - 7.0 mm group(p=0.087, t-test), but without statistical significance.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures*

Corneal astigmatism after cataract surgery: The effect of electrocautery. We analized the effect of electrocautery on corneal astigmatism after cataract operation. Phacoemulsification and PCL implantation were performed by standard technique with 5.5 mm scleral pocket incision and sutureless method. In electrocautery group. scleral cautery was done at the site of scleral pocket incision and in no electrocautery group, cautery was not performed. 53 eyes(electrocautery group) showed slight against the rule change(-0.26D +/- 0.72) of corneal astigmatism, while 24 eyes(no electrocautery group) showed slight with the rule change(+0.36D +/- 0.67) of corneal astigmatism at post-operative 2 months. And these difference was statistically significant.(Student's t-test; p=0.019) Therefore, we found the scleral electrocautery at the incision site during cataract surgery induced slight against the rule change of corneal astigmatism.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Cautery ; Electrocoagulation* ; Phacoemulsification

Radiation retinopathy is a slowly progressive vaso-occlusive microangiopathy of the retina, following irradiation of the head and the eye. Factors in the pathogenesis of this condition include total radiation dosage, proximity of the treated site to the eye, concomitant chemotherapy and preexisting vascular disorders. We present three patients of radiation retinopathy, one of who was a diabetes and two were positive for the history of concomitant chemotherpy. All the patients developed asymmetrical retinal change after the external cephalic radiation of over 3500 cGy within eleven to twenty-one months. Fluorescein angiographic findings confirmed the typical ischemic features of radiation retinopathy. As these cases show, physicians need to be aware of this vision-threatening complication following cephalic radiation, especially in the high-risk groups.
Drug Therapy ; Fluorescein ; Head ; Humans ; Radiation Dosage ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde

The identification of fat density by unenhanced CT within an adrenal mass is highly suggestive of myelolipoma. Adrenal collision tumors which involve a myelolipoma are uncommon, though the involvement of adenomas and pheochromocytomas has been reported. We describe a case in which an adrenal collision tumor consisting of an adrenocortical carcinoma and myelolipoma, presented as a large fat-containing adrenal soft tissue mass.
Adenoma ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Myelolipoma* ; Pheochromocytoma

Hemimegalencephaly is a rare brain malformation characterized by congenital hypertrophy of one cerebral hemisphere, ipsilateral ventriculomegaly, hemiparesis, intractable epilepsy, and mental retardation, which often results in early death. We reported a case of hemimegalencephaly in a 1-month-old male with the chief complaint of intractable focal seizure.
Brain ; Cerebrum ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Paresis ; Seizures*

Amphiphysin I and II, proteins enriched in nerve terminals, form heterodimers and interact with dynamin and synaptojanin through their Src homology 3 (SH3) domain. In order to study the expression profile of Amphs in cells and tissues and the interaction state with other cellular molecules, we have prepared specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) designed to bait N-terminus, middle part, and C-terminus domains of Amph I, respectively by immunizing with the expressed smaller domain molecules using the GST gene fusion system. The expression of Amphs was found to be most abundant in PC12 cells, followed by B103 cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Western blot analysis showed a relatively high level expression of Amphs that were found in both mouse and rat brain. There appeared to be some species difference in the expression pattern, i.e. Amphs are present more in the testis than in the lungs in rats, however, they are reversed in mice. Characterization of the mAbs revealed that clone 14-23 precipitated Amph I and II, whereas clone 8-2 could only precipitate Amph I. In addition, clathrin and dynamin in a complex with Amph were captured in the precipitate formed by mAbs and identified by the Western blot analysis. Cellular distribution of Amph was visualized with confocal immunofluorescence microscopy performed using the labeled-mAbs. Taken together, these results demonstrated that mAbs provided an excellent measure for studying Amphs' expression profile and their interacting proteins.
Animal ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Blotting, Western ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Human ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/*immunology ; PC12 Cells ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; src Homology Domains

PURPOSE: To evaluate the sonographic findings of calcific tendinitis around the hip. MATERIALS and METHODS: Ten patients (7 women and 3 men; mean age, 42 years; age range, 34-52 years) with a diagnosis of calcific tendinitis around the hip were evaluated. All the patients underwent radiography and sonography (color Doppler sonography in 6 patients). The sonographic findings were analyzed to determine the level of tendon thickening compared with the contralateral side as well as the shape and posterior acoustic shadowing of the calcification, and vascularity on color Doppler sonography. RESULTS: In all cases, sonography showed a thickening of the tendon compared with the contralateral normal tendon as well as hyperechoic calcific shadows within the thickened tendon. Intratendinous calcifications were mainly observed as a homogeneous ovoid hyperechoic shadow with or without acoustic shadowing. Color Doppler sonography showed increased vascularity within or around the thickened tendon in four of the six patients. CONCLUSION: Sonography is effective in detecting a thickening of the tendon as well as intratendinous calcification, and can be used to diagnose calcific tendinitis around the hip.
Acoustics ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hip* ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Tendinopathy* ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography*