OBJECTIVES: A cross sectional study was carried out in the welders exposed to manganese and control group. The aim of this study was to assess the adverse effects of manganese on central nervous system of welders. METHODS: The study group consisted of 49 welders and the reference group, 49 workers matched with welders for age and educational level in automobile manufacturing company. Concentration of manganese in welding hume, in blood, and cumulative exposure index(CEI) were determined for each subject. For each group, computerized neurobehavioral test including Simple Reaction Time, Digit Symbol, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed of Swedish Performance Evaluation System were applied. RESULTS: Exposure level of manganese in welders were very low(mean CEI 0.069). Welders exposed to manganese had slower response speed, slower motor steadiness, and shorter memory span than control group. But these differences were not statistically significant. The performance of Finger Tapping Speed tended to lower as environmental and biological exposure index got higher. Other neurobehavioral tests were found to have a little association with the exposure indices. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference of neurobehavioral performance between welders and control group. This study indicates that Finger Tapping Speed measuring motor steadiness might be a one of useful tests for early detection of adverse effects of welding on central nervous system.
Automobiles ; Central Nervous System ; Fingers ; Manganese* ; Memory ; Reaction Time ; Welding

BACKGROUND: Korean mistletoe (Viscum album) extract has been found to posses immunostimulatory activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract might activate mouse peritoneal macrophages to produce interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). METHODS: Hemagglutination assay was carried out to examine whether M11C contained a lectin or not . To know the effect of M11C on the production of IL-1 beta, the macrophages were treated by the M11C, and then collected the supernatant (M11C stimulated macrophages-conditioned media; MMCM). MMCM was analyzed for the IL-1 beta quantification and mRNA expression by means of ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: Maximum effective dose and time of M11C on IL-1 beta production from macrophages were 20 micro gram/ml and 8 hours, respectively . This ELISA data was reconfirmed by immunoblotting assay . indicating that M11C is a good candidate for an immunomodulator. The dose and time dependent effect s of M11C on the expression of IL-1 beta mRNA from macrophages was also shown in expression of mRNA detected by RT-PCR. Treatment dose and time for the maximum expression of IL-1 beta mRNA were 20 micro gram/ml and 4 hours, respectively . Maximum gene expression of IL-1 beta was much earlier than maximum production of it. CONCLUSION: As results, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C, may be used for an immunomodulator. This will be able to make up for and solve the problems caused by existent immunoagent with many adverse effects through many other studies in future including one molecule extraction.
Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Hemagglutination ; Immunoblotting ; Interleukin-1beta ; Macrophages* ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mice ; Mistletoe* ; RNA, Messenger

Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Celiac Artery ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To determine which CT findings are useful for differentiating cholangiocarcinomas (CC) from hepatic abscesses and also to determine whether artificial neural networks (ANNs) improve radiologists' performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings of 51 patients with mass-forming type CC and 70 patients with hepatic abscesses were analyzed with morphologic, enhancing and other ancillary findings by three radiologists with differing levels of expertise independently. ANNs were constructed using statistically significant CT findings derived from the analyses. The performances of the ANNs and the radiologists were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: CT findings of rim-like enhancement, lymphadenopathy, capsular retraction, focal bile duct dilatation and a solid component were significant features of CC (p< 0.05). Findings of a clustered sign, multilayered enhancement, sharp margin, round shape, and air-biliary gram were significant features of hepatic abscesses. The ANNs showed better performance (AZ=0.9673, 98.0%, 97.1%, and 97.5%, respectively) than the resident (AZ=0.898, 78.4%, 81.4%, 80.2%) (p<0.05) in differentiating between the two diseases: (AZ, sensitivities, specificities, and overall accuracies). However, there were no significant differences in the diagnostic performance of the ANNs and the two board-certified radiologists. CONCLUSION: Several CT findings are useful in differentiating CC from hepatic abscesses and ANNs may improve the performance of a radiologist with little experience.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Liver Abscess* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; ROC Curve

The aim of this study was to verify subacute oral dose toxicity of positively charged 100 nm zinc oxide (ZnO(AE100[+])) nanoparticles (NPs) in Sprague-Dawley rats. ZnO(AE100[+]) NPs were administered to rats of each sex by gavage at 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day for 14 days. During the study period, clinical signs, mortality, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, organ weight, and histopathology were examined. Increased mortality and clinical signs, decreased body weight, feed consumption, hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet (PT), and lymphocyte (LYM) and increased white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils (NEUs), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and histopathological alterations in the spleen, stomach, and pancreas were observed at 2,000 mg/kg/day. Increased clinical signs, decreased body weight, feed consumption, HB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and LYM and increased WBCs, NEUs, ALP, and histopathological alterations in the spleen, stomach, and pancreas were seen at 1,000 mg/kg/day. Increased clinical signs, decreased MCV and MCH and increased histopathological alterations in the stomach and pancreas were found at 500 mg/kg/day. These results suggest that the target organs were the spleen, stomach, and pancreas in rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was <500 mg/kg for both sexes.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Biochemistry ; Blood Platelets ; Body Weight ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Hematocrit ; Hematology ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Mortality ; Nanoparticles* ; Neutrophils ; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ; Organ Size ; Pancreas ; Pathology ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Zinc Oxide* ; Zinc*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of right gastric venous drainage by use of digital subtraction angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 100 consecutive patients who underwent right gastric arteriography during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma were included in this study. Angiographic findings were retrospectively analyzed with respect to the presence or absence of the right and aberrant gastric veins, multiplicity of draining veins, aberrant right gastric venous drainage sites, and the termination pattern of aberrant right gastric veins (ARGVs). We also compared the relative size of the right and left gastric veins. RESULTS: A total of 49 patients collectively had 66 ARGVs. The common drainage sites for the ARGVs included the hepatic segment IV (n = 35) and segment I (n = 15). The termination pattern of ARGV could be classified into 4 different types. The most common type was termination as a superficial parenchymal blush formation in small areas without demonstrable portal branches. A statistically significant difference was found for the dominancy of the right gastric vein in gastric venous drainage between the two groups with or without ARGV (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). In the group of patients without ARGV (n = 51), the right gastric vein was equal to (n = 9) or larger than (n = 17) the left gastric vein in 26 patients (26 of 51, 51%). CONCLUSION: The incidence of ARGV is higher than expected with four distinct types in its termination pattern. The right gastric vein may play a dominant role in gastric venous drainage.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction/*methods ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/methods ; Contrast Media/diagnostic use ; Female ; Humans ; Iohexol/analogs & derivatives/diagnostic use ; Liver Neoplasms/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach/*blood supply ; *Veins

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of DNA chip method for detecting and genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV) and screening of high-grade CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) or invasive cancer in the patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). METHODS: This study was based on 131 cases to be revealed ASC-US by Pap smear for the cervical cancer screening from July 2004 to Octorber 2004. They were evaluated by HPV DNA chip test, Cervical colposcopy and directed biopsy, and cone biopsy. The results of type 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 in HPV DNA chip test were categorized as high risk HPV. We evaluate the detection rate of the high-grade CIN and invasive cancer by HPV DNA chip test. RESULTS: The incidence of high risk HPV DNA was 51.1% (67/131). Twelve of 131 (9.2%) were diagnosed as high-grade CIN or CIS on histology. The detection rate of high risk HPV DNA in high-grade CIN and invasive cancer was 83.3% (10/12). The detection rate of high risk HPV DNA was 36.0% (31/86) in normal or reactive, and 83.3% (10/12) in CIN II or above on histology. Higher the grade of biopsy, more the detection rate of high risk HPV DNA by HPV DNA chip test. CONCLUSION: The use of HPV DNA chip test in patients with ASC-US may be useful in detection of high-grade CIN or invasive cancer.
Biopsy ; Cervix Uteri ; Colposcopy ; DNA* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The recent worldwide outbreak of H1N1 has led to the universal administration of H1N1 influenza vaccination, including in South Korea. Several complications have been reported with use of H1N1 influenza vaccine, but systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been reported as a complication until now. Here, we report a case of SLE occurrence after H1N1 influenza vaccination. A 17-year-old girl who had not been diagnosed with SLE was hospitalized with fever, myalgia, and arthralgia after H1N1 influenza vaccination. Laboratory tests revealed increased levels of antinuclear antibody and anti-ds-DNA antibody, and decreased levels of C3 and C4 as well as proteinuria. The pathological findings confirmed a diagnosis of lupus nephritis. The patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroid and hydroxychloroquine. This is the first report of SLE following H1N1 influenza vaccination in South Korea.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Arthralgia ; Collodion ; Fever ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Lupus Nephritis ; Proteinuria ; Republic of Korea ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic performances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MR myelography (MRM) and myelography in young soldiers with a herniated lumbar disc (HLD). METHODS: Sixty-five male soldiers with HLD comprised the study cohort. A visual analogue scale for low back pain (VAS-LBP), VAS for leg radiating pain (VAS-LP), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were applied. Lumbar MR, MRM, and myelographic findings were checked and evaluated by four independent radiologists, respectively. Each radiologist was asked to score (1 to 5) the degree of disc protrusion and nerve root compression using modified grading systems devised by the North American Spine Society and Pfirrmann and the physical examination rules for conscription in the Republic of Korea. Correlated coefficients between clinical and radiological factors were calculated. Interpretational reproducibility between MRI and myelography by four bases were calculated and compared. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 20.5 +/- 1.1. Mean VAS-LBP and VAS-LP were 6.7 +/- 1.6 and 7.4 +/- 1.7, respectively. Mean ODI was 48.0 +/- 16.2%. Mean MRI, MRM, and myelography scores were 3.3 +/- 0.9, 3.5 +/- 1.0, and 3.9 +/- 1.1, respectively. All scores of diagnostic performances were significantly correlated (p < 0.05). However, none of these scores reflected the severity of patients' symptoms. There was no statistical difference of interpretational reproducibility between MRI and myelography. CONCLUSION: Although MRI and myelography are based on different principles, they produce similar interpretational reproducibility in young soldiers with a HLD. However, these modalities do not reflect the severity of symptoms.
Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Leg ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Myelography ; Physical Examination ; Radiculopathy ; Republic of Korea ; Spine

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors that may predict high grade lesions in glandular cell abnormalities on cervical cytology. METHODS: This study was performed from January 2002 to December 2005 and included 87 cases of glandular cell abnormalities on Pap smear. Among them, 65 (74.7%) cases were atypical glandular cells (AGC) and 22 (25.3%) cases were AGC, favor neoplastic. The histologic diagnoses were classified as low grade lesions [normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, and simple hyperplasia without atypia] and high grade lesions [CIN II/III, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and invasive cancer]. RESULTS: Fifty-three (60.9%) cases had negative biopsies or cervicitis. Twenty-five cases had cervical lesions including one CIN I, ten CIN II/III, two AIS, twelve invasive cancers. There were 7 endometrial lesions: 5 adenocarcinomas and 2 malignant mixed mullerian tumors. Two patients had one tubal cancer and one CIN II with simple hyperplasia without atypia. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and AGC, favor neoplastic cases were significantly associated with high grade lesions (OR 15.4, CI 2.2-109.7; OR 7.0, CI 1.1-42.8). In the cervix, only high-risk HPV positive were significantly associated with high grade lesions (OR 64.6, CI 4.5-930.8). In the endometrium, age, menopausal status, and cytologic classification were significantly associated with low grade lesions or high grade lesions (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: High-risk HPV DNA detection was strongly associated with high grade lesions in women with glandular cell abnormalites on their Pap smear. These results suggest that HPV testing may be useful as a triage of the management in women with glandular cell abnormalities.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Risk Factors* ; Triage ; Uterine Cervicitis