PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the role of DWI for the diagnosis of HIE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients with HIE underwent MRI including DWI. MR examinations were performed within 4 - 32 days (mean, 11.8 days) after hypoxic brain insult. We assessed the distribution of the lesions and compared the DWI and T2, FLAIR images for the subjective conspicuity of the lesions. RESULTS: In all patients, symmetrical hyperintense lesions were demonstrated in the bilateral basal ganglia on T2, FLAIR, and DWI. On ADC map image, the lesions were hypointense in four of six patients and isointense in other two patients. Lesion conspicuity on DWI was higher than on T2 and FLAIR images in four of six patients and similar in other two patients. For the involvement of the cortex and subcortical white matter, in five of six patients, bilateral symmetric hyperintense lesions were seen on T2, FLAIR, and DWI. Lesion conspicuity on DWI was higher than on T2 and FLAIR images in three of them and similar in other two patients. On ADC map image, the lesions showed hypointensity in three of five patients and isointensity in other two patients. For the involvement of the deep cerebral white matter, T2, FLAIR, and DWI showed bilateral symmetric hyperintense lesions in four of six patients. Among them, Lesion conspicuity on DWI was higher than on T2 and FLAIR images in only one patient. CONCLUSION: HIE is characterized by symmetrical hyperintense lesions in the bilateral basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and white matter on DWI and the lesions are more conspicuously demonstrated on DWI than on T2 and FLAIR images.
Anoxia ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain

PURPOSE: Myelosuppression, particularly neutropenia, is one of the most frequent and serious toxicity seen in patients with breast cancer undergoing systemic chemotherapy. However, the predictive factors for development of severe neutropenia in chemotherapy remain unknown. We therefore evaluated predictive factors for excessive myelosuppression.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 341 patients with breast cancer treated with chemotherapy from 2000 to 2012. Clinicopathological characteristics, number of using of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and pretreatment hematologic values were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Patients were sorted 2 groups by number of using G-CSF in each chemotherapeutic regimens; group 1 is more G-CSF (within high 20 percentile) and 2 less G-CSF using group (within lower 20 percentile).RESULTS: Number of using G-CSF was ranged 0–83 (mean 10.76). One hundred one patients were in group 1 and 65 patients were in group 2. Mean of number of G-CSF using was 0.21 in group 1 and 28.02 in group 2. Pretreatment white blood cell, hemoglobin and platelet count were lower in group 2 than in group 1 (6.88×10³/µL vs. 5.97×10³/µL, 12.63 g/dL vs. 11.90 g/dL, and 275.95×10⁴ µL vs. 227.37×10⁴ µL). There were no statistically differences in other clinicopathologic characteristics such as age, body mass index or comorbidities, hormonal receptor, stage, and other pretreatment hematologic values.CONCLUSION: Pretreatment white blood cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count can be used to identify patients at increased risk of significant myelosuppression undergoing chemotherapy with breast cancer. This information can be used to target high-risk patients for prophylactic treatment.
Body Mass Index ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Comorbidity ; Drug Therapy ; Electronic Health Records ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Neutropenia ; Platelet Count ; Retrospective Studies