Breast calciifcation plays an important role in breast cancer in various areas, such as early-stage diagnosis, recurrence monitoring and prognosis prediction. However, the mechanism of breast calciifcations remains elusive. One proposed mechanism is based on an imbalance between the enhancers and inhibitors of physiological mineralization. Traditionally, the classiifcation of breast calciifcation is based on the assessment of morphology and distribution. These radiology features are closely related to pathology and biological behavior of tumor. However, chemical composition of calciifcations can provide us with more information about tumor status. Calciifcations could be divided into two categories according to chemical composition. Type I (calcium oxalate) is found in benign breast disease, while typeⅡ (hydroxyapatite) is found in proliferative lesions, mostly to be associated with malignancy. Moreover, carbonate concentrations in typeⅡ calciifcations is related to pathology grades. Despite emerging imaging technologies such as digital breast tomosynthesis, they are unable to yield any information on chemical composition of breast calciifcations and thus cannot provide a deifnitive marker for classifying benign and malignant lesions. Recent researches show that using Raman spectroscopy, the chemical information of calcification could be obtained non-invasively and might provide us with a better mode for calciifcation diagnosis in the future.

Background and purpose:Perioperative anesthetic management is thought to be critical to the success of free flap breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to discuss intraoperative fluid, hemodynamic and temperature management in patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction.Methods:From Jun. 2011 to Dec. 2015, 126 patients underwent DIEP lfap breast reconstruction. Postoperative complications were reviewed. Intraoperative fluid infusion rate was analyzed. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and core temperature were measured before induction (T0), after lfap elevation but before lfap transfer (T1), 15 min after flap revascularization (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3).Results:Nine patients developed flap compromised: 7 were salvaged and 2 failed. The mean intraoperative lfuid infusion rate was (5.44±1.66) (mL?kg-1)/h. MAP at T0, T1, T2 and T3 were (87.45±8.90), (74.19±8.63), (74.60±8.71) and (79.62±7.88) mmHg, respectively. Core temperature at T0, T1, T2 and T3 were (36.69±0.14), (36.36±0.18), (36.27±0.14) and (36.21±0.15)℃, respectively. Conclusion:Standard practice focusing on intraoperative lfuid management, hemodynamic adjustment and temperature control in microsurgical reconstruction of the breast should be established to further improve free lfap outcome.

Background and purpose: Many factors have impacts on the surgery approach of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence factors of breast reconstruction for patients with breast cancer, focusing on the relationship between travel distance and breast reconstruction. Methods: Retrospective review of all female breast cancer patients staging 0-Ⅱ who underwent unilateral or bilateral mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 1999 to 2015 was conducted in the study. Analysis of travel distance and breast reconstruction rate was performed. Results: Non-Shanghai patients have higher breast reconstruction rate after mastectomy compared with Shanghai patients (6.1％ vs 4.5％, P＜0.001). Travel distance may have an influence on the breast reconstruction rate (P=0.035). Univariate regression analysis showed that the increase of travel distance was the predictor of breast reconstruction, and that the increase of age or body mass index (BMI), or the later TNM stage had a negative correlation with breast reconstruction (P＜0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the increase of age or BMI, or the later TNM stage was the independent predictor of the refusal of breast reconstruction (P＜0.001), but travel distance was not (P＞0.05). No significant correlation between the travel distance and breast reconstruction types was indicated. Negative correlation was observed between age and travel distance (P＜0.001). Conclusion: Age, BMI and tumor stage are the main influence factors of breast reconstruction, while travel distance shows a linear correlation with it.

Objective The aim of the current study is to determine the clinical value of incidental internal mammary lymph node biopsy in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction using internal mammary vessels as recipient vessels and to investigate the risk factors of internal mammary lymph nodes metastasis. Methods The clinical data of all patients who underwent free abdominal flap breast reconstruction using internal mammary vessels as recipient vessels from November 2006 to December 2015 in the Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were reviewed in the study. The incidence of internal mammary lymph node biopsy and the rate of metastasis were analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk factors of internal mammary lymph node metastasis. Results A total of 113 patients met the inclusion criteria, 53 (46.9%) of whom had internal mammary lymph nodes harvested. Four of these were positive for metastatic disease, all in immediate breast reconstructions. The incidence of metastasis was 7.5% in patients who had successful internal mammary lymph node biopsies.The multi?variate Logistic regression analysis showed that invasive tumor size, tumor location and axillary lymph node metastasis were not risk factors for internal mammary lymph node metastasis ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusions Internal mammary lymph nodes found incidentally during recipient vessel exposure may provide important information about internal mammary lymph node metastasis in free flap breast reconstruction. This approach for internal mammary lymph node biopsy reveals an appreciable success rate and is convenient in clinical practice. The size of invasive tumor and the axillary lymph node metastasis are probably associated with internal mammary lymph node positivity.

Objective The aim of the current study is to determine the clinical value of incidental internal mammary lymph node biopsy in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction using internal mammary vessels as recipient vessels and to investigate the risk factors of internal mammary lymph nodes metastasis. Methods The clinical data of all patients who underwent free abdominal flap breast reconstruction using internal mammary vessels as recipient vessels from November 2006 to December 2015 in the Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were reviewed in the study. The incidence of internal mammary lymph node biopsy and the rate of metastasis were analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk factors of internal mammary lymph node metastasis. Results A total of 113 patients met the inclusion criteria, 53 (46.9%) of whom had internal mammary lymph nodes harvested. Four of these were positive for metastatic disease, all in immediate breast reconstructions. The incidence of metastasis was 7.5% in patients who had successful internal mammary lymph node biopsies.The multi?variate Logistic regression analysis showed that invasive tumor size, tumor location and axillary lymph node metastasis were not risk factors for internal mammary lymph node metastasis ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusions Internal mammary lymph nodes found incidentally during recipient vessel exposure may provide important information about internal mammary lymph node metastasis in free flap breast reconstruction. This approach for internal mammary lymph node biopsy reveals an appreciable success rate and is convenient in clinical practice. The size of invasive tumor and the axillary lymph node metastasis are probably associated with internal mammary lymph node positivity.

Objective: To explore the value of nanoparticles (CN) in lateral cervical lymph node mapping in papillary thyroid carcinoma using carbon. Methods: Thyroid cancer patients with suspicious lymph node metastasis but without typical signs of metastatic disease from March 2016 to November 2017 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were prospectively included in the cohort. Neck dissection was performed in all patients (compartmentsⅡ-Ⅴ). Suspicious lateral lymph node metastasis was identified using pre-operative ultrasound or computed tomography. CN were used for lymph node mapping during surgery. Results: A total of 70 surgeries were performed in 67 patients, among which 57 were found to have lateral lymph node metastasis (81.4%). The median number of CN-dyed lateral lymph nodes was 6. Compartment IV had the highest number of CN-dyed positive lymph nodes as well as the highest rate of metastasis, followed by compartmentⅢ. In compartmentsⅢandⅣ, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the CN-dyed group than in the CN-undyed group (P<0.001). When the final pathology of neck dissection was set as the gold standard, lateral CN-dyed lymph node biopsy was found to have a sensitivity of 86.0%; its negative predictive value was 61.9% and its overall accuracy was 88.6%. Conclusions:Injection of CN during surgery was a potential method of mapping lateral lymph nodes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. CompartmentⅢ-ⅣCN-dyed lymph node biopsy had a satisfactory sensitivity and thus, served as a reasonable range for lymph node biopsy.