We optimized the conditions of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) from cassava flour into high-concentration ethanol by thermophilic yeast GXASY-10. Based on the single factor experiment, we screened the important parameters by Plackeet-burman design. We used the path of steepest ascent to approach to the biggest region of ethanol production subsequently. Then, we obtained the optimum values of the parameters by Box-Behnken design. The results showed that the important parameters were the liquefaction time, glucosidase dosages and initial concentration of cassava flour (substrate). The optimum technical conditions were as follows: liquefaction time 35 min, glucosidase dosages 1.21 AGU/g substrate and initial substrate concentration 37.62%. Under such optimum conditions, the ethanol yield of 20 L fermentor reached 16.07% (V/W) after 48 h fermentation at 37 degrees C and 100 r/min. The ethanol content increased 33% than that under the original condition.
Ethanol ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glucosidases ; pharmacology ; Hot Temperature ; Manihot ; metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Yeasts ; physiology

The regions suitable for growing cassava include five provinces in Southern China, with Guangxi alone accounting for over 65% of the total cassava production in the country. In this article, the state-of-the-art development of fuel ethanol production from cassava in China is illustrated by the construction of the cassava fuel ethanol plant with its annual production capacity of 200 000 metric tons. And in the meantime, problems and challenges encountered in the development of China's cassava fuel ethanol are highlighted and the strategies to address them are proposed.
Biofuels ; China ; Conservation of Energy Resources ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Manihot ; metabolism

We optimized the conditions of mixed fermentation of very high gravity ethanol with cassava flour and sugarcane juice. Based on the single factor experiment, we screened the important parameters for very high gravity ethanol fermentation with cassava flour and sugarcane juice by the Plackeet-burman design. Then, we obtained the optimum values of the important parameters by the orthogonal experiments: the mixing ratio of cassava flour to sugarcane juice, 1:5; initial pH of fermentation, 4.0-4.5; the concentrations of urea and MgSO4, 0.25% and 0.04% (W/W), respectively. Finally, we used a gradient temperature control strategy with the optimized conditions, and ethanol concentration of 17.84% (V/V) and fermentation efficiency of 91.82% were achieved, correspondingly.
Biofuels ; analysis ; Ethanol ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Manihot ; metabolism ; Powders ; Saccharum ; metabolism

Succinic acid is an important C4 platform chemical in the synthesis of many commodity and special chemicals. In the present work, different compounds were evaluated for succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes GXAS 137. Important parameters were screened by the single factor experiment and Plackeet-Burman design. Subsequently, the highest production of succinic acid was approached by the path of steepest ascent. Then, the optimum values of the parameters were obtained by Box-Behnken design. The results show that the important parameters were glucose, yeast extract and MgCO3 concentrations. The optimum condition was as follows (g/L): glucose 70.00, yeast extract 9.20 and MgCO3 58.10. Succinic acid yield reached 47.64 g/L at the optimal condition. Succinic acid increased by 29.14% than that before the optimization (36.89 g/L). Response surface methodology was proven to be a powerful tool to optimize succinic acid production.
Actinobacillus ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; Culture Media ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism

As a novel fungal type Ⅲ polyketide synthase, CsyB from Aspergillus oryzae can sequentially accept one molecular short chain fatty acyl CoA as start unit, one molecular malonyl-CoA and one molecular acetoacetyl-CoA as extend unit to produce the short chain csypyrone B1-3. On the basis of crystal structure of CsyB, a fatty acyl CoA binding tunnel of a length of about 16 Å is located in its active center that is proposed to accept diversified start units. In order to examine the substrate diversity of CsyB, CsyB gene was introduced and expressed in Escherichia coli that contained a number of precursors of long chain fatty acyl CoA in vivo. The results of HPLC revealed that a series of long chain csypyrone derivatives were detected in the recombinant strain in comparison with the control strain. These new csypyrone compounds were preliminarily analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy and LC-HRMS. Three hydroxylated csypyrones were intensively determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, especially the position of the hydroxyl group in these compounds. These results demonstrate that CsyB exhibits a broad substrate specificity, which not only can accept the long chain saturated or unsaturated fatty acyl CoA as substrate, but also accept hydroxylated long chain fatty acyl CoA.