Objective:To explore the mediating effect of family function between first aid literacy and mental health of caregivers of children with asthma.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. From August 2020 to January 2021, convenience sampling was used to recruit 350 caregivers of children with asthma in the Pediatric Internal Medicine Clinic in a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital in Qingdao. The survey was carried out using the General Information Questionnaire, the Safety and First Aid of the China Residents Health Literacy Questionnaire, the General Function Subscale of the Family Assessment Device, and the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire. Structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of family function between first aid literacy and mental health. A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed, of which 337 were valid, with a valid rate of 96.29%.Results:Among 337 caregivers of children with asthma, the total score of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire, the scores of the first aid literacy and the General Function Subscale of the Family Assessment Device were (2.52±2.33) , (12.28±1.31) , and (28.61±3.71) , respectively. Structural equation model showed that first aid literacy could directly affect mental health ( β=0.542) , and it could also indirectly affect mental health ( β=0.239) through the partial mediating effect of family function, and the mediating effect of family function accounted for 30.06% of the total effect. Conclusions:First aid literacy is an important factor affecting the mental health of caregivers of children with asthma. Family function plays a partial mediating role between first aid literacy and mental health of caregivers of children with asthma. Medical and nursing staff should pay attention to first aid literacy and family function to improve the mental health of caregivers.