Objective To understand the status of hand hygiene(HH) among patients hospitalized in departments of infectious diseases and their families in Yantai City, and provide reference for HH intervention.Methods Patients and their families(n=221) in departments of infectious diseases of secondary and above levels of hospitals as well as infectious diseases hospitals in Yantai in July-August 2015 were selected for questionnaire survey, education and implementation status of HH were investigated;hand bacteriological sampling was performed on some patients and their families (n=62) to investigate effect of hand-washing.Results 61.99% of patients and their families had received verbal HH education, only 18.55% indicated to have seen health care workers(HCWs) to perform the six step hand-washing method;50.68% of the respondents didn't understand the six step hand-washing method, and 85.52% never performed the six step hand-washing, the main reason is that they didn't know how to perform.93.21% of patients(n=206) and their families believed that hand-washing was important.The cognition of HH opportunities in daily life was relatively higher(61.54%-94.51%),and in hospital environment was relatively lower(36.15%-49.23%),only 36.15% of the families washed hands before left the hospital.Unqualified rate of detection results of sampling of hands of patients with infectious diseases and their families was 83.87%.Conclusion Patients with infectious diseases and their families are deficient in HH knowledge and behavior, medical institutions should carry out systematic and standard HH education to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infection.

This study is to investigate the amelioration effect of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone on the changes of learning and memory abilities in rat model of depression. In the present study, a 35-day rat chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model was used to observe both depression-like behaviors with sucrose preference test and open-field test and learning and memory-associated behaviors with Morris water maze test. A total of 45 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of equal size: control group (CON); CUS group (CUS); CUS + mifepristone group (CM). Animals in CM group were first exposed to CUS for 14 days, and then were administered with 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of mifepristone with continued CUS procedure. Corticosterone EIA Kit was used to detect the concentration of plasma corticosterone (CORT). Nissl staining was used to observe the structure of hippocampus. The results demonstrated that CUS exposure induced both depressive-like and learning and memory-associated behaviors and these deficits were reversed by mifepristone. Compared to CON group, the concentration of plasma CORT increased significantly in CUS group. CUS exposure damaged the structure of hippocampus, whereas mifepristone had an amelioration effect. Together, the structural deficits of hippocampus resulting from long-term stress exposure, which could contribute to the impairment of learning and memory in depression, are reversed by the GR receptor antagonist mifepristone.

The study reports the detection of neuroprotective effect of 10 kinds of coumarin derivatives and explores their possible mechanism. MTT method was used to screen the neuroprotective effect of 10 coumarin derivatives on neurotoxic agents (Aβ25-35 and rotenone) or OGD (oxygen-glucose deprivation). A compound with better protective effect was obtained. Then the effect of this compound on neurotoxic agents on PC12 was detected by the morphological observation. Furthermore, the effect of compound 3 on microglia with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation was detected. And the inflammatory factor was tested. Finally, direct free radical scavenging ability was detected. Compound 3 was found to be the best compound through three neurons toxic models. Not only compound 3 ameliorated cell viability reduced by three neurons toxic models, but also significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-1β). And its free radical scavenging ability is very good, especially the effect on superoxide anion, which is comparable with vitamin C. The significant scavenging effect of compound 3 on superoxide anion might be the mechanism of the neuroprotection. Compound 3 as a potential neural cell protective agent merits further investigation.

Abstract:Aim To study the effect of rotenone on α-synuclein in rat midbrain of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Rats were subcutaneouly injected with chronic low dose rotenone(1.0 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)).Movements within 5 minutes were evaluated in open field test.Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive neuronsin the midbrain were measured with immunofluorescence staining.α-SYN protein level in the midbrain was demonstrated with immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Results Compared to the control group,latency time,crossing,rearing and rearing time were changed significantly(P<0.05,0.01)in the rotenone group,TH-positive neurons were reduced(P<0.05)and α-SYN protein level in the midbrain was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Injection with rotenone can induce PD symptom,which may be correlated to α-SYN protein level in the midbrain.

Aim To study of the expression and distribution of four α-synuclein truncations in three cells.Method Four α-synuclein gene truncations were obtained by PCR method,followed by subcloning into the pEGFP-N1 eukaryotic expression vector.Four obtained recombination plasmids were transfected into MN9D cells,PC12 cells and SH-SY5Y cells using Lipofectamine 2000 respectively.The expression and distribution of four α-synuclein truncations were observed by Confocal.Results Distribution of four α-synuclein truncations was discrepant obviously,the truncations,with more C terminal remained,were prone to emerging in nuclei.Conclusion Localization of α-synuclein protein in cells may be related to the C terminal,and the whole C terminal plays an important role in distribution of α-synuclein into nuclei.

Objective To explore the effects of morroniside on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Methods 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, morroniside dose groups (30 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 270 mg/kg) and acetyl salicilic acid (ASA) group (10 mg/kg). The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established in all rats except the sham group. Born's turbidimetry was used to measure platelet aggregation rate in rats of MCAO model (in vivo). Results Compared with the model group, the platelet aggregation decreased significantly in the morroniside high dose group (P<0.001). Conclusion Morroniside has the effect of anti-platelet aggregation in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of morroniside on cycloxygenase (Cox) in the condition of platelet aggregation inducedby adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in rabbits. Methods The levels of Cox induced by ADP in different groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the control group, all the morroniside groups significantly inhibited theincrease of Cox induced by ADP (P<0.001), which had concentration dependence, and the inhibition rate of high dose group was 30%. ConclusionMorroniside can decrease the level of Cox and it may be the mechanism of morroniside on inhibiting the platelet aggregation inducedby ADP in rabbits.

DNA barcoding is a powerful approach for characterizing species of organisms, especially those with almost identical morphological features, thereby helping to to establish phylogenetic relationships and reveal evolutionary histories. In this study, we chose a 648-bp segment of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), as a standard barcode region to establish phylogenetic relationships among brine shrimp (Artemia) species from major habitats around the world and further focused on the biodiversity of Artemia species in China, especially in the Tibetan Plateau. Samples from five major salt lakes of the Tibetan Plateau located at altitudes over 4,000 m showed clear differences from other Artemia populations in China. We also observed two consistent amino acid changes, 153A/V and 183L/F, in the COI gene between the high and low altitude species in China. Moreover, indels in the COI sequence were identified in cyst and adult samples unique to the Co Qen population from the Tibetan Plateau, demonstrating the need for additional investigations of the mitochondrial genome among Tibetan Artemia populations.
Animals ; Artemia ; classification ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tibet

DNA barcoding is a powerful approach for characterizing species of organisms,especially those with almost identical morphological features, thereby helping to to establish phylogenetic relationships and reveal evolutionary histories. In this study, we chose a 648-bp segment of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), as a standard barcode region to establish phylogenetic relationships among brine shrimp (Artemia) species from major habitats around the world and further focused on the biodiversity of Artemia species in China, especially in the Tibetan Plateau. Samples from five major salt lakes of the Tibetan Plateau located at altitudes over 4,000 m showed clear differences from other Artemia populations in China. We also observed two consistent amino acid changes, 153A/V and 183L/F, in the COI gene between the high and low altitude species in China.Moreover, indels in the COI sequence were identified in cyst and adult samples unique to the Co Qen population from the Tibetan Plateau, demonstrating the need for additional investigations of the mitochondrial genome among Tibetan Artemia populations.

Objective To investigate the effect of morroniside on hematocrit percentage in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Methods After the modified model induced with occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCAO) with suture embolus, morroniside was administered intragastrically at the dose of 30 mg/kg (n=8), 90 mg/kg (n=8), and 270 mg/kg (n=8) once a day for 7 d. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was used as positive drug (n=8). Hematocrit percentage was measured with automatic blood tester. Results Compared with the sham group, hematocrit percentage of the model group significantly increased (P<0.001), but increased less in those treated with morroniside and ASA (P<0.05). Conclusion Morroniside could inhibit the increase of hematocrit percentage in MCAO rats.