As a knee-sparing procedure, high tibial osteotomy involves closed osteotomy and open osteotomy. Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is currently the mainstream operation for osteotomy and orthopedics due to its relative simplicity in operation and limited postoperative complications. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the risk of postoperative deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after OWHTO. This literature review attempts to analyze the mechanism, incidence, risk factors, prevention and treatment strategies of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after OWHTO, hoping to provide reference for clinical treatment of the condition.