OBJECTIVETo compare and assess the effectiveness of leukocyte-filtered platelet and standard platelet concentrates transfusion in preventing platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-alloimmunization.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing leukocyte-filtered platelet with standard platelet concentrates transfusion (up to December 31, 2009) were searched and identified from Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and CBM. A meta-analysis was conducted with Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5. 0.

RESULTSThe search identified 558 citations in total, in which 7 articles in English were finally included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that compared with standard platelet concentrates transfusion, leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion significantly decreased PTR [ RR = 0. 59, 95% CI (0. 42, 0. 82) , P = 0. 002 ] and HLA-alloimmunization [ RR = 0. 49,95% CI (0. 33, 0. 74) , P =0. 0006]. Subgroup analysis showed that HLA-alloimmunization was significantly reduced by leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion among the patients with acute myelocytic leukemia [ RR =0.42, 95% CI (0.32, 0.56), P <0. 00001], while no significant difference was detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia because of the limited sample size [ RR = 0. 50, 95% CI (0. 10, 2.41) , P =0. 39].

CONCLUSIONSThe current evidence shows that leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion can prevent PTR and HLA-alloimmunization more effectively than standard platelet transfusion. Well-designed large-scale RCTs are still needed to further confirm this finding.

Filtration ; HLA Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; immunology ; Platelet Transfusion ; methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemical characteristics of influenza/novel influenza A (H1N1) in Shanxi province from 2009 to 2010, and to provide scientific foundations for predicting and controlling the pandemic outbreak of influenza/novel influenza A (H1N1) effectively.

METHODSAll samples were collected from cases that resemble influenza cases in sentinel hospital and influenza outbreak. The influenza were detected by PCR and isolated by MDCK cell culture method. Finally, Shanxi province surveillance data from May, 2009 to April, 2010 of influenza like illness (ILI) cases and pathogen detections were analyzed.

RESULTSIn Shanxi province, influenza viruses kept activation in whole year. The predominant pandemic strain in 2009 was novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. The strong peak was around November, 2009 [positive rate: 58.1%, novel influenza A ( H1N1) of the total: 88.1%]. As well, the people infected influenza caused by novel influenza A (H1N1) were mainly under 59-year-old, and the higher positive rates were concentrated in the people from 5-year-old to 24-year-old. In 2010, influenza B (Victoria) viruses were mainly detected from clinical specimens and became the dominant strain.

CONCLUSIONSurveillance of Influenza liue illnes, (ILI) and etiology, which can promptly reflect the influenza epidemic situation, play a significant role for understanding epidemic rule of influenza/novel influenza A (H1N1).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; etiology ; virology ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the imaging features of synovial tuberculosis of sheath of wrist.

METHODSThree patients of synovial tuberculosis of sheath of wrist underwent surgical operation from Oct. 2002 to Oct. 2009 included 2 males and 1 female, the age of 48, 67, 76 years respectivly. X-rays of 3 patients, CTs of 2 patients and MRI of 1 patient were retrospectively analyzed and the relevant literature were reviewed.

RESULTSThere were 3 cases with the soft tissue mass in the palm side of wrist, the section was unclear. There were no osteoporosis and no changes of bone destruction. There was 1 case with the punctate calcification in the soft tissue. MRI showed the embedded cystic mass of flexor tendon and "8" shape in carpal tunnel pressure, and showed abnormal signal (T1 low-signal, T2 slightly higher signal), a small part of the internal point showed high signal. CT showed the synovial membrane were obvious thickening and enhanced, corpus liberum in tendon sheath were no obvious strengthening.

CONCLUSIONSynovial tuberculosis of sheath of wrist has certain characteristics on radiographic image. The MRI has more clinical value than X-ray and CT.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Synovial Membrane ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Wrist

This study was aimed to detect the telomere length and the telomerase expression activity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and investigate their relation to prognosis of CLL. The telomere length and the telomerase expression activity of peripheral blood and / or bone marrow mononuclear cells were examined by Tel-FISH, a semi-quantitative method and by TRAP-ELISA respectively; the expressions of ZAP70 and CD38 were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that comparing the telomere length in different stages, there was a tendency that the telomere became prolonged when the stage raised up. There was statistical significant difference between Rai stages III-IV and stage 0, Rai stages III-IV and stages I-II, Binet stage C and stage A, Binet stage C and stage B; while no statistical significant difference existed between Rai stage 0 and stages I-II, Binet stage A and stage B. The telomere length in ZAP70 negative group was found similar as in ZAP70 positive group. The telomere length in CD38 positive group was shorter than that in CD38 negative group, but there was no statistical difference between them. Comparing the telomerase expression activity between different stages, there was a tendency that it increased when the stages went up; comparing the telomerase expression activity at different Rai stages, it increased at the higher stages. One case of CLL demonstrated that telomerase expression did not show at remission stage, but was found at relapse stage, which suggested that telomerase expression may relate to prognosis of disease. It is concluded that the telomerase length is in relation to Rai and Binet stage, which was shorter at higher stage than that at lower stage and intermediate stage. It seemed that the telomerase expression activity increased at higher stages. The expression of telomerase in mononuclear cells is stable and not influenced by treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Telomere ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemic situation and dominant strain of influenza in children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) during Flu season from Oct. 2005 to Mar. 2006 in Taiyuan.

METHODSMadin-darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were used to isolate and identify type A influenza viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and B influenza viruses from clinical samples collected from outpatients who visited the Department of Pediatric because of ARI from Oct. 2005 to Mar. 2006. Oct. 2005 and Mar. 2006, we collected 415 blood samples from children and adults to detect the influenza virus antibody titers by HI test to exclude respiratory diseases.

RESULTS7 strains of H1N1 were isolated from 87 clinical specimens, with a positive rate of H1N1 as 8.04%. Out of 415 blood samples being collected, the positive rates and the geometric mean titer of H1N1 antibody Mar. 2006 were significantly higher in 0-3, 3-7 and 7-18 year-olds than Oct.2005.

CONCLUSIONH1N1 epidemic influenza did occur among children in winter and spring of 2005--2006 in Taiyuan city.

Adolescent ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Dogs ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; isolation & purification ; Influenza B virus ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; Population Surveillance

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; DNA, Circular ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged

AIM:To investigate the effects of baicalein on pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)induced by monocrotaline(MCT)in rats,and its molecular mechanism was further explored.METHODS: Male SD rats(n=28) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, MCT group, MCT+baicalein 50 mg/kg group and MCT +baicalein 100 mg/kg group.The PAH model was established by subcutaneous injection of MCT.After 2 weeks of modeling,the rats in baicalein treatment groups were gavaged baicalein 50 and 100 mg· kg -1· d-1for 14 d,the rats in control group were administered with saline.After 4 weeks of modeling,right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),right ventricular hypertro-phy index(RVHI)and right ventricular mass index(RVMI)were detected.Masson staining was used to detect the degree of lung fibrosis.The pathomorphological changes of the pulmonary vessels were observed by HE staining.Western blot was used to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in the lung tissue and the phosphorylation p 38,ERK and JNK in the artery.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,RVSP, RVHI and RVMI increased significantly in the MCT group(P<0.01).Pulmonary fibrosis and the thickening of pulmonary artery wall were observed.α-SMA was up-regulated and p38,ERK and JNK was activated significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the MCT group,baicalein(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly decreased the RVSP,RVHI and RVMI(P<0.01).Lung fibrosis was reduced and the vas-cular wall thickening was decreased in baicalein-treated groups.Baicalein(50 and 100 mg/kg)inhibited the phosphoryla-tion of p38,ERK and JNK compared with the MCT group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Baicalein ameliorates MCT-in-duced PAH by the inhibition of pulmonary artery wall thickening at least partially via MAPK signaling pathway.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; SARS Virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; virology

BACKGROUNDTo find out the timing of serologic responses after illness onset and distribution of IgG antibody to SARS-CoV in SARS cases of transmission chain or non-transmission chain.

METHODSThe IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV were tested by indirect ELISA in serum samples from 301 clinically diagnosed SARS cases.

RESULTSTotally 158 SARS cases were involved in 15 chains of transmission. The positive rates of SARS-CoV IgG in those chains were 85.70%-100.00% and the overall rate was 94.30% (149/158). The chain of transmission could spread to four generations, but the SARS cases were reduced with increase of generations. There was no significant difference among positive rates of SARS-CoV IgG for generations, Chi square=5.11, P greater than 0.05. The positive rate of SARS-CoV IgG in cases who were not in chain of transmission was 12.59%(18/143) which was statistically significantly different from that of cases in chain of transmission, Chi square=199.64, P less than 0.001. During days 0-7,8-14,15-21,22-30 after onset, the cumulated positive rate of SARS-CoV IgG was 16.67%, 40.00%, 70.00% and 93.10%, respectively, then was kept at the level above 90% and lasted for 217 days. The cumulated positive rate of SARS-CoV IgM during days 0-7 after onset was the same to that of IgG. During days 8-14, 55.17% of cases had seroconversion for IgM which reached a peak (86.96%) during days 21-30. Then the rate rapidly declined.

CONCLUSIONMore than 94% of cases with SARS could produce IgG antibody when they were infected by SARS-CoV. Detecting SARS-CoV IgG could provide a diagnostic evidence for case confirmation. SARS-CoV IgG appeared as early as 7 days after onset and reached the peak at about weeks 4. Then the high rate of antibody was maintained for more than 6 months.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; SARS Virus ; immunology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; immunology ; transmission

Aim To investigate the effect of baicalein on the reversal of multidrug resistance ( MDR) media-ted by breast cancer resistance protein ( BCRP) in hu-man breast cancer MCF-7/MX cells, and explore the possible mechanisms. Methods MTT assay was per-formed to determine the cytotoxicity of baicalein and susceptibility of chemotherapeutic drugs. The protein expression levels of BCRP, p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 were determined by Western blot. Results MCF-7/MX cells were not only resistant to MX but cross-re-sistant to 5-FU and DDP, and the resistance index was 70. 45, 6. 68 and 21. 47, respectively. 2. 5, 5μmol· L-1 of baicalein could increase the sensitivity to above chemotherapeutic agents and decrease the expression levels of BCRP, p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 in MCF-7/MX cells. Conclusion Baicalein can effec-tively reverse MDR of MCF-7/MX by down-regulating BCRP expression through p38/MAPK and NF-κB path-ways.