1.Defining and conceptualizing general practice:The comprehensiveness of primary care
Chinese Journal of Health Policy 2018;11(4):40-44
Comprehensiveness of care is one of the core attributes of primary health care, and it has a great impact on the first diagnosis,accessibility,coordination and continuity to form the primary health care high perform-ance mechanism. Comprehensiveness of care has been playing an increasingly significant role in case when faced with the challenges of the aging of Chinese population,the high prevalence of chronic diseases,and the rapidly rising cost of health care. It is a fundamental problem for researchers,policy makers,and practitioners to clarify the definition of comprehensiveness of primary health care,which is the basis for managing comprehensive services. This article has systematically reviewed the current researches on definitions of comprehensiveness of basic health care, ascertained the key elements of comprehensiveness,and pinpointed the relationship between the dominant and recessive elements. Then,it defined the conception and the boundary of comprehensiveness of care in the context of primary health care,ac-cording to three principles-controllability, exhaustion, and exclusiveness, and finally conceptualized the primary health care comprehensiveness for further study on the operational definition of primary health care attributes.
2. Relationship between catecholamine level and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with EV71 infection in hand foot and mouth disease
Zhi-Xian LEI ; Bang-Tao LI ; Ya-Zhou WANG ; Qiu-Yu LIN ; Li-Rong ZHOU ; Xin LI ; Wei XIANG ; Hong-Ai LI ; Xiao-Ming LI ; Man-Fang XIE ; Qi WANG ; Nai-Chao FENG ; Dao-Mou ZHU ; Yuan-Ping HAI ; Lan CUI ; Ya-Qin ZHANG ; Zhi-Wen LIU ; Shou-Ye WU ; Yong-Zhao CHEN ; Hong-Ai LI ; Ting HUANG ; Lan CUI ; Ke-Qing ZHU ; Xiao-Jie HE
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017;10(5):473-477
Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in vitro. The levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The plasma norepinephrine level of severe group was significantly higher than the mild group in children with EV71 infection in HFMD (P < 0.05); however, the levels of plasma adrenaline in two groups had no statistical differences (P > 0.05); There was no significant difference in the distribution of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C genotype and allele between EV71 infection group and healthy control group (P > 0.05). Further analysis of EV71 infection group by dividing it into mild and severe groups showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele between these two groups as well (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different genotypes of EV71 infection group (P > 0.05), and in the levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the mild and severe groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions As the disease gets worse, the plasma norepinephrine level has a rising trend in children with EV71 infection in HFMD, which is an important indicator to evaluate the progress of the disease. However, the gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C have no significant correlation, not only with the susceptibility and severity of EV71 infection in hand, foot and mouth disease, but also with the levels of catecholamine.