OBJECTIVETo analyze and discuss the anesthetic methods and processes for the operations including long-segment resection of the trachea and one-stage anastomosis or reconstruction with artificial trachea.

METHODSThe clinical data of 25 cases from January 1987 to August 2007 with trachea diseases were analyzed retrospectively. There were 10 cases with benign diseases and 15 cases with malignant diseases. All cases represented tracheal stenosis. Some cases represented severe dyspnea. The length of the tracheal lesions was from 2.5 to 7.5 cm. The longest resection of the trachea was 8.0 cm. Direct reanastomosis were carried out in 14 cases. Reconstruction with artificial trachea were carried out in 7 cases. Thirteen cases underwent general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation only, while 2 cases were assisted with artificial cardiopulmonary bypass. Eight cases were intubated via existed tracheotomy. Two cases received bedside tracheotomy with local anesthesia. Two cases were assisted with high frequency jet ventilation. During the operation, a tube was inserted into the distal trachea or contralateral main bronchus to maintain anesthesia and ventilation after the trachea resection.

RESULTSAll of the 25 patients had good outcome. There was no death caused by anesthesia or operation. However, transient lower SaO2 was found in 2 cases because of the difficult intubation of left main bronchus after the resection of the trachea. One case was ventilated with only lower lobe because of the extra-deep intubation of the left main bronchus. Anastomosis dehiscence happened in 1 case when the non-balloon trachea tube was used immediately after the operation.

CONCLUSIONSThe mortality of anesthesia for tracheal operation are quite high. Therefore, individual treatment with carefully-designed anesthetic and operative protocol, and good communications and cooperation between anesthesiologists and surgeons is the key factor for the success of anesthesia and operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Artificial Organs ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Trachea ; surgery ; Tracheotomy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of several widely used tests for prompt detection of inadvertent esophageal intubation.

METHODSBoth endotracheal and esophageal intubations were made on 40 adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. The tests such as auscultation of bilateral apex of lungs and epigastrium by inexperienced examiners, capnography, SpO2, chest and upper abdomen movements, and airway resistance were evaluated.

RESULTS90% and 96.25% cases in esophageal intubation were correctly diagnosed via auscultation of bilateral apex of lungs or epigastrium respectively. During esophageal ventilation, abdominal distension was found in 87.5% of cases, but none of them showed chest movements. Meanwhile, PetCO2 fluctuated between 1-2 mmHg, in association with a quick decline of SpO2 in 156 +/- 11 seconds. The airway mean resistance increased, whereas the period of plateau decreased significantly.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Auscultation of epigastrium in combination with bilateral apex of lungs is recommended because of the improved accuracy in tube positioning. (2) Capnography is the most reliable technique for the prompt detection of esophageal intubation, whereas other parameters do not seem to be of comparable value.

Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Capnography ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Medical Errors ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between early parenteral nutrient intake and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks who could not receive enteral nutrition within one week after birth. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on preterm infants born between October 2017 and August 2022 with gestational age less than 32 weeks who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Children's Hospital of Soochow University within 24 hours after birth and relied solely on parenteral nutrition within the first week of life. The study population included 79 infants with BPD and 73 infants without BPD. Clinical data during hospitalization were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The proportions of infants with weight loss of more than 10% after birth, extrauterine growth retardation, and parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in the BPD group were higher than in the non-BPD group (P<0.05). The time to regain birth weight, time to achieve full enteral feeding, and corrected gestational age at discharge were longer in the BPD group than in the non-BPD group. The Z-scores of physical growth at corrected gestational age of 36 weeks were lower in the BPD group than in the non-BPD group (P<0.05). The BPD group had a higher fluid intake and a lower calories intake in the first week than the non-BPD group (P<0.05). The starting dose and total amount of amino acids, glucose, and lipids in the first week were lower in the BPD group than in the non-BPD group (P<0.05). The BPD group had a higher glucose-to-lipid ratio on the third day and higher energy-to-nitrogen and glucose-to-lipid ratios on the seventh day after birth than the non-BPD group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preterm infants with BPD had lower intake of amino acids and lipids and a lower proportion of calories provided by amino acids and lipids in the first week of life, which suggests an association between early parenteral nutrition intake and the development of BPD.
Infant ; Child ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Infant, Premature ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Gestational Age ; Amino Acids ; Parenteral Nutrition/adverse effects* ; Glucose ; Lipids

The GATA family proteins are a group of zinc finger transcription factors that are expressed in human and mammalian animals and play an important role in mammalian organ morphogenesis, cell proliferation and sex differentiation. GATA-4 and GATA-6 have been identified in the ovaries and testes of humans, mice, pigs and chickens. GATA-4 contributes to fetal male gonadal development by regulating the genes that mediate Müllerian duct regression and the onset of testosterone production. GATA-4 and GATA-6 are localized in and regulate the function of the ovarian and testicular somatic cells of fetal mice, especially granulosa cells, thecal cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. GATA-4 is also present in the germ cells of fetal and prepubertal mice.
Animals ; Chickens ; Female ; GATA4 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; GATA6 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Ovary ; embryology ; Reproduction ; Swine ; Testis ; embryology ; Transcription Factors ; classification

AIMTo explore the effects of periphery injection of L-SOP on the activation of p38MAPK in spinal cord in formalin pain model in rats.

METHODSFourty-eight male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n=12): NS group and three different dose of L-SOP groups. For each group, 6 rats used to observe flinching and licking time every as nociception behavior 3 minutes in 1 hour after formalin injected and the other 6 rats used to observe the activation of p38(P-p38) by Western blotting.

RESULTSAll the three different groups of L-SOP could inhibit nociception behavior in the tonic phase,and 250 nmoVl/L and 500 nmol/L groups could suppress not only in the tonic phase but also in the acute phase. 250 nmol/L and 500 nmol/L groups could reduce activated or phosphorylated p38MAPK in spinal cord.

CONCLUSIONPeriphery injection of L-SOP can reduce nociceptive behavior and phosphorylated p38MAPK in the spinal cord in formalin-induced hyperalgia, it is suggested that there is functional expression of mGluRs III in the periphery and is involved in the processing of peripheral noxious informations.

Animals ; Formaldehyde ; Male ; Nociception ; physiology ; Pain ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Phosphoserine ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; physiology ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Aseptic loosening, ascribes to particle induced osteolysis, is the most common reason for total joint arthroplasty failure. Wear particles, liberated from the surface of prostheses, mediate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and increase the osteoclastogenesis. However, it remains unclear how macrophages can recognize wear particles and be induced by wear particles. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that Toll like receptors and inflammasome may play a critical role in osteolysis. However, the mechanism of activation of Toll like receptors and the relationship between TLR pathway and downstream signaling pathways still remain unclear. It will be beneficial to understand the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening by exploring these mechanisms. This article highlights the role of Toll like receptors and inflammasome in aseptic loosening, which is helpful to the development of therapies that prevent wear particle induced aseptic loosening.

OBJECTIVETo compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation using a Shikani Optical Stylet (SOS) laryngoscope or a Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS).

METHODSTotally 41 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA physical status -aged 20-60 years and scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation, were randomly allocated to either the SOS group (n=21) or MDLS group (n=20). After an intravenous anesthetic induction the orotracheal intubation was performed using a SOS laryngoscope or a MDLS. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after anesthetic induction immediately after intubation, and 5 minutes after intubation. Rate pressure product RPP were calculated.

RESULTSBlood pressures and RPP in both two groups significantly decreased after anesthetic induction (P<0.05) while blood pressures HR, and RPP significantly increased after orotracheal intubation (P<0.05). HR in both groups after intubation were significantly higher than the pre-induction level (P<0.05)and such an increase lasted for 3 min. HR immediately after intubation was also significantly higher in MDLS group than in SOS group (P<0.05); however, such difference was not observed in other time points (P>0.05). In the MDLS group when compared with the occurrence time required for the maximum values of systolic blood pressure (SBP)the occurrence time required for the maximum values of HR after the start of intubation and success of intubation during the observation were significantly delayed (P<0.05). Compared with the MDLS group, the occurrence time required for the maximum values of SBP after the start of intubation and the success of intubation were significantly delayed in the SOS group (P<0.05). The incidences of SBP more than 130% of baseline value and RPP more than 22 000 were not significantly differently(P>0.05). Also, the intubation time was not significantly different (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation is milder in SOS laryngoscope than in MDLS.

Adult ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Female ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Laryngoscopes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the peri-procedural complications of coronary rotational atherectomy. Methods A total of 107 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease received rotational atherectomy from January 2012 to December 2016 were enrolled retrospectively. The occurrence rate and the management of peri-procedural complications were summarized. Results ① The serum level of CK-MB and cTnI in patients who received rotational atherectomy were signifi cantly elevated compared with the level before the procedure,[4.1(2.4-14.1)U/L vs.1.5(1.0-2.1)U/L,P<0.001]and[0.28(0.11-1.11)ng/ml vs.0.01 (0.01-0.02) ng/ml, P<0.001], respectively. Of the 107 target lesions, 104 (97.2%) were classifi ed as type B2 or C lesions.②Peri-procedural complications of coronary rotational atherectomy occurred in 21 patients (19.6%). There were 5 cases (4.7%) of coronary slow fl ow, 1 case (0.9%) of severe coronary spasm, 9 cases (8.4%) of coronary dissection after rotational atherectomy and 1 case (0.9%) of side branch occlusion. Six patients (5.6%) had severe sinus bradycardia, but only 1 patient required temporary pacemaker. Burr entrapment happened in 2 patients (1.9%). Peripheral vascular complications occurred in 2 patients (1.9%) with 1 case of femoral artery hematoma at puncture site and the other 1 case of mediastinal hematoma. One patient (0.9%) developed contrast induced nephropathy after the procedure. ③All the peri-procedural complications of rotational atherectomy were benign. The procedure instant success rate was 98.1%, with no acute or sub-acute stent thrombosis, cardiac death, emergent coronary artery bypass graft occurred during hospitalization. Conclusions The complications associated with coronary rotational atherectomy are not rare, but severe complications are not common. The procedure could be safely performed with a high instant success rate.

OBJECTIVEThe present study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA).

METHODSFour patients (3 females) aged 7-57 years with RSVA (3 congenital RSVA and 1 post-surgery RSVA) were involved in the present study. Two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography revealed the ruptures of right coronary sinus into right ventricle in all cases. The echo estimated size of the defect was 2-10 mm. After the establishment of the arterio-venous wire loop, Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) was successfully deployed by antegrade venous approach in all patients. The diameter of the occluder was chosen to be at least 1 to 2 mm larger than defect.

RESULTSThe defects were successfully occluded without any complications. On the follow-up 3 months after operation, there was no device embolization, infective endocarditis and aortic regurgitation.

CONCLUSIONTranscatheter closure is a feasible and effective modality for RSVA without other anomalies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; therapy ; Aortic Aneurysm ; therapy ; Cardiac Catheterization ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sinus of Valsalva ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence and clinical phenotype of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese schoolchildren in Beijing, and to compare the rates of diagnosis made according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) of the United States and International Diabetes Federation (IDF).

METHODSBased on Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) study with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure measured, the overweight and obese children were screened among nearly 20 000 children 6-18 years of age in Beijing by Chinese BMI cutoffs for schoolchildren (7-18 years) and the US 2000 CDC Growth Charts--the 85th and 95th percentile (6 years) and were enrolled as the study population. Simultaneously a group of children with normal BMI were selected as the control group and based on the international method of age grouping, each of the above groups was divided further into 4 sub-groups in terms of age: 6-9, 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18 years old, respectively. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin (FINS), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were examined. HOMA-IR index was calculated for estimating individual insulin resistance. A child who met any three or more of the following five criteria, according to NCEP definition, was diagnosed as MS. A diagnosis of MS using IDF definition required abdominal obesity plus any two or more of the other four criteria: (1) abnormal obesity: WC > or = P(90); (2) elevated BPs: SBP/DBP > or = P(90); (3) low HDL-C: HDL-C < 1.03 mmol/L (40 mg/dl); (4) high TG: TG > or = 1.24 mmol/L (110 mg/dl); (5) impaired fasting glucose (IFG): FPG > or = 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dl).

RESULTSThe prevalence rates of MS by NCEP definition were: 0.9%, 7.6% and 29.8% in the normal weight (control group), overweight and obese children, respectively, which were higher than the rates diagnosed by IDF definition with 0.1%, 5.2% and 28.6% in the three groups. The prevalence rates of individual MS component among obese children were: 81.6% for abnormal obesity, 47.7% for elevated BPs, 35.6% for high TG, 16.9% for low HDL-C, and 13.4% for IFG. Elevated BPs (29.8%), abnormal obesity (27.4%) and high TG (26.0%) were the leading three abnormalities among overweight children. With the increase of BMI, the clustering of MS components and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were remarkably increased. HOMA-IR significantly increased as the number of MS component increased.

CONCLUSIONSMS has been in an epidemic status among the obese schoolchildren in Beijing. Abnormal obesity, elevated BPs and high TG were the three most common metabolic abnormalities for overweight and obese children. The prevalence rates of MS by NCEP definition in the present study was higher than those diagnosed by using IDF definition.

Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Growth Charts ; Humans ; Insulin ; analysis ; Insulin Resistance ; genetics ; physiology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; physiopathology ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Obesity, Abdominal ; pathology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; etiology ; metabolism ; Prevalence ; Triglycerides ; analysis ; Waist Circumference