11.0 for the pH of reaction solution,65℃～75℃for the reaction temperature,and 1:1.7 for the mass ratio of corn(dry weight)to FeCl_3?6H_2O.The corn polysaccharide-Fe(Ⅲ)complex synthesized with the optimized process was stable,with good solubility in water.The assay of Fe(Ⅲ)was 39.86%,40.20%and 40.17%,respectively for three batches of products.The RSD was

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of partial atrium or large blood vessel resection for the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer.

METHODSThirty-five patients with locally advanced lung cancer (T(4)N(0)-N(2)M(0)) underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy combined with intrapericardial vascular management or partial resection of the atrium. Of the 35 patients , 15 underwent left pneumonectomy combined with partial resection of the left atrium, 3 had pneumonectomy and partial resection of pulmonary artery trunk, 11 received right pneumonectomy and partial resection of the left atrium, 3 had middle and lower lobectomies and partial resection of the left atrium, and 3 underwent right upper lobectomy, partial resection of the superior vena cava and replacement of artificial blood vessel.

RESULTSNo death occurred in the 35 patients. Postoperative arrhythmia occurred in 4 cases and respiratory failure in 2 cases. The 1, 2, 3 and 4 year survival rates of the patients were 79.2% (19/24), 53.3% (8/15), 46.2% (6/13) and 36.4% (4/11), respectively. Pathologically, 27 patients had squamous carcinoma, 3 had adenocarcinoma, 3 had adenosquamous carcinoma and 2 had large cell carcinoma. In TNM staging, 6 were in T(4)N(0)M(0), 11 in T(4)N(1)M(0) and 18 in T(4)N(2)M(0).

CONCLUSIONPneumonectomy or lobectomy combined with intrapericardial vascular management or partial resection of the atrium can enhance the possibility of radical resection of locally advanced lung cancer and increase the long term survival rate.

Aged ; Female ; Heart Atria ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pneumonectomy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vena Cava, Superior ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and surgical treatment of adult congenital bronchoesophageal fistula.

METHODSEleven cases of adult congenital bronchoesophageal fistula that were diagnosed and surgically treated between May 1990 and August 2010 had been reviewed. There were 7 male and 4 female patients, ranging in age from 28 to 66 years (mean 48.7 years). The chief clinical presentation included coughing and sputum in 10 cases, recurrent bouts of coughing after drinking liquid food in 6 cases, hemoptysis in 6 cases, low fever in 4 cases, chest pain in 3 cases. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis ranged from 5 to 36 years (mean 16.8 years). The diagnosis of bronchoesophageal fistula was confirmed most by esophagography. Associated diseased lung was resected in all patients (lobectomy in 10 cases and pneumonectomy in 1 case). The operation included right thoracotomy in 7 cases and left thoracotomy in 4 cases. The fistula was completely resected in 10 cases. The tract was simply divided and the end was sutured in 1 case.

RESULTSThe postoperative course was uneventful in 10 patients who were discharged from hospital 10 to 18 d after operation. One patient suffered from esophageal fistula and received second operation. Regular follow-up was conducted on all 11 patients, proving that 3-year survival rate was 11/11 and 5-year survival rate was 9/11.

CONCLUSIONPersistence of congenital bronchoesophageal fistula into adulthood is rare. The main symptom is nonspecific coughing and bouts of coughing after drinking liquid food. The most useful diagnostic method is the esophagography. Even though it is benign disease, life-threatening complications might occur and it must be treated surgically as soon as the diagnosis is established.

Adult ; Aged ; Bronchial Fistula ; congenital ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Esophagoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Thoracotomy

To study the chemical constituents of Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx and their anti-complementary activity on the basis of preliminary studies. Target isolation guided by anti-complementary activity test, compounds in the chloroform and n-butanol fractions were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and preparative HPLC. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data. The compounds were evaluated for anti-complementary activity in vitro. Eleven compounds were isolated from the chloroform and n-butanol soluble fractions and identified as stigmasterol (1), stigmas-9 (11) -en-3-ol (2), glaucocalyxin D (3), kamebakaurin (4), maslinic acid (5), corosolic acid (6), minheryins I (7), diosmetin (8), caffeic acid ethylene ester (9), caffeic acid (10) and vitexin (11). Isoquercetrin, rutin, quercetin, 3-methylquercetin, luteolin, 7-methylluteolin, and apigenin which were isolated from the preliminary studies together with compounds 9 and 10 showed inhibition of the complement system by the classical pathway. Compounds 2, 4, 6-9 and 11 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Caffeic acid (10) showed the strongest activity in vitro with a CH50 value of 0.041 g x L(-1).
Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacology ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay ; methods ; Complement Inactivating Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; Esters ; Ethylenes ; pharmacology ; Female ; Isodon ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Sheep ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory effects and mechanism of autophagy on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF). Methods The experiment was divided into two group: control group and experimental group(IPF group, autophagy induction group, autophagy inhibition group). A549 cells were cultivated by the conventional method in control group. The A549 cells of the experimental group were induced by TGF-β1(5 ng/mL). Then, no further treatment was given to IPF group. Rapamycin(10 μg/L) or 3-Methyladenine(10mmol/L) was given to autophagy induction group or autophagy inhibition group respectively. The hydroxyproline content of lung tissue was measured, and the mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA, LC3-Ⅱ or LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, Beclin1, E-cadherin and Vimentin were tested by Realtime PCR and Western blot. Results At each time point, the hydroxyproline content of lung tissue and the mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA and Vimentin in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group（all P<0.05）. The above detections in autophagy induction group or autophagy inhibition group were significantly lower or higher than those in the IPF group（all P<0.05）. The mRNA and protein levels of LC3-Ⅱor LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, Beclin1 and E-cadherin in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group（all P<0.05）. Moreover, the same detections in autophagy induction group or autophagy inhibition group were significantly higher or lower than those in the IPF group（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The autophagy and EMT played an important role in IPF. Induction of autophagy might inhibit the development of IPF by inhibiting EMT, and Inhibition of autophagy could promote the development of IPF by activating EMT.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of needle-knife at cervical spine area as adjunctive therapy on dry eye syndrome. METHODS: A total of 84 patients with dry eye syndrome were randomized into 3 groups, named group A, group B and group C, 28 cases in each one (1 case dropped off in the group A, 2 cases dropped off in both group B and C). In the group A, needle-knife was applied at the margo inferior of external occipital protuberance, the range of 4 cm bilateral to external occipital protuberance, the spinous process of C, the range of 3 cm bilateral to 2 cm above C spinous process, the range of 2 cm bilateral to C, C, C spinous process for once a week; acupuncture was applied at Jingming (BL 1), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3), Yanglao (SI 6), Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23), etc. for once a day, 6 times a week; sodium hyaluronate eye drop was given one drop once, 5-6 times a day. Treatment of acupuncture and sodium hyaluronate eye drop was given in the group B, sodium hyaluronate eye drop was given in the group C, the acupoints selection and the manipulation of acupuncture, the dosage of sodium hyaluronate eye drop were the same as the group A. One week was as one course and 3 courses were required in the 3 groups. SchirmerⅠtest (SⅠT), break-up time (BUT), scores of corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and eye symptom before and after treatment were observed, the clinical effect was evaluated in the 3 groups. RESULTS: SⅠT was increased, BUT was prolonged, scores of CFS and eye symptom were reduced after treatment in the group A and group B (<0.01); scores of CFS and eye symptom were reduced after treatment in the group C (<0.01). The variations of SⅠT, BUT and the scores of CFS and eye symptom in the group A were greater than those in the group B and the group C (<0.01); the variations of above indexes in the group B were greater than those in the group C (<0.05, <0.01). The total effective rate was 94.4% (51/54) in the group A, which was superior to 78.8% (41/52) in the group B and 48.1% (25/52) in the group C (<0.01), and the total effective rate in the group B was superior to the group C (<0.01). CONCLUSION Needle-knife at cervical spine area as adjunctive therapy can relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the function of lacrimal gland in patients with dry eye syndrome.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; therapy ; Humans ; Needles

As an extension of the structure-based drug discovery, fragment-based drug discovery is matured increasingly, and plays an important role in drug development. Fragments in a small library, with lower molecular mass and high "ligand efficiency", are detected by SPR, MS, NMR, X-ray crystallography technologies and other biophysical methods. Then they are considered as starting points for chemical optimization with the guidance of structural biology methods to get good "drug-like" lead and candidate compounds. In this article, we reviewed the current progress of fragment-based drug discovery and detailed a number of examples to illustrate the novel strategies.
Computer-Aided Design ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Ligands ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Peptide Fragments ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Small Molecule Libraries ; Surface Plasmon Resonance

OBJECTIVETo analyze the radiological change of intervertebral angles after the short-segment fusion of degenerative lumbar scoliosis.

METHODSFrom January 2001 to May 2007, 28 patients (mean age 62 years old) with degenerative lumbar scoliosis, including 6 male and 22 female, were reviewed retrospectively. The average vertebra number in the lumbar curve were 4.8, ranging from 3 to 6. All the patients underwent posterior decompressive laminotomy, pedicle screw fixation, and posterolateral fusion. The fusion levels were within the curve in all the cases (mean 3.3 vertebrae), without exceeding the end vertebrae. All the patients took standing lumbar antero-posterior and sagittal radiological images pre and post-surgery and upon follow up. The coronal scoliosis Cobb angle, anterior and sagittal intervertebral angles of upper adjacent segment of proximal fused vertebra were measured. The following aspects were also evaluated such as bone graft fusion and complications.

RESULTSFollow up period of 25-97 months, average 50 months; post-operative scoliosis Cobb angle average correction rate was 33.7%, final follow up average correction loss was 3.7 degrees , pre-operative and final follow up results compared with post-operative indicated significant difference (P < 0.05); final follow-up antero-posterior proximal upper fusion segment intervertebral angle compared with pre-operative and postoperative presenting significant difference (P < 0.05). Upon final follow up, all cases did not present pseudo-arthrosis or internal instrumentation related complications.

CONCLUSIONFor degenerative lumbar scoliosis, short-segment fusion can produce limited correction on antero-posterior proximal upper fusion segment intervertebral angle and cannot stop its aggravation.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Jianpi Tongluo Jiedu Recipe (JTJR) on protein expression levels of COX-2, NF-kappaBp65, Bcl-2, and Bax, mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2, and the apoptotic index (Al) in gastric mucosa of patients with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PL-GC).

METHODSTotally 65 PLGC patients were recruited and treated by JTJR (modified by syndrome typing), one dose per day for six successive months. Protein expression levels of COX-2, NF-KBp65, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected in 65 patients using immunohistochemical (IHC) assay before and after treatment. mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2 were detected in 54 patients using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Meanwhile, changes of Al was detected in 65 patients using TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence method.

RESULTSAfter treatment with JTJR, positive protein expression levels of COX-2, NF-KBp65, and Bcl-2 were obviously decreased in the gastric mucosa of PLGC patients (P <0.01), but Bax positive protein expression was found to be higher (P < 0.05). At the same time mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2 were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); Al also increased after treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONJTJR could promote apoptosis possibly via NF-kappaBp65/COX-2, COX-2/Bcl-2, and NF-kappaBp65/Bcl-2 signaling pathways, thereby affecting PLGC patients.

Apoptosis ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

AIMTo study the effects of bone marrow MSCs transplantation on the apoptosis of alveolar wall cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of lung tissue in papain and Co60-induced pulmonary emphysema rats.

METHODSFemale Lewis rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, emphysema group, emphysema + MSCs transplantation group. Rats were sacrificed at days 14 and 28 after treatment. Morphologic analysis of the lung tissue was performed. The apoptosis of the lung cells was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSEmphysematous changes of the lung tissue were observed in emphysema group and emphysema + MSCs transplantation group. However, the emphysematous change in emphysema + MSCs transplantation group was improved compared with the emphysema group. There was significant difference in the number of alveolar counted per unit area (MAN), mean alveoli area (MAA) and mean linear interval(MLI) between emphysema group and emphysema + MSCs transplantation group. The apoptotic index of the alveolar wall cells in emphysema + MSCs transplantation group was less than that in the emphysema group. The percentage of Bcl-2 positive cells in emphysema + MSCs transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the emphysema group. The percentage of Bax positive cells in emphysema + MSCs transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the emphysema group. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax of emphysema + MSCs transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the emphysema group.

CONCLUSIONBone marrow MSCs transplantation inhibits the apoptosis of alveolar wall cells, upregulates the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulates the expression of Bax. This may be part of the reason that bone marrow MSCs transplantation improves the papain and Co60-induced pulmonary emphysema.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cobalt Isotopes ; adverse effects ; Female ; Lung ; cytology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Papain ; adverse effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Rats ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism