OBJECTIVES: Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has been primarily associated with emotional problems. Recently, however, the impact of PTSD on cognitive processes has interested a growing number of researchers. The current study is aimed at investigating the cognitive aspects of PTSD at both behavioral and neurological levels. METHODS: We recruited individuals with PTSD who survived the Daegu subway explosion in 2003 as well as non-PTSD individuals as a control group. To evaluate the inhibitory processes and the neural mechanisms, we had these individuals perform the negative priming task simultaneously with functional MRI scanning. RESULTS: Behaviorally, the negative priming effect was intact in the control group but was not evident in the PTSD group. In the imaging results, only the PTSD group showed the negative priming effect (i.e., increased activation of the negative priming condition as opposed to the neutral condition) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior temporal gyrus. The PTSD group also showed increased activity for the positive priming condition as opposed to the neutral condition in the claustrum. These results confirm and extend the previous findings that the integrity of the ACC is compromised in the trauma survivors due to disrupted white matter tract. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that deteriorated performance of the PTSD group may be due to the functional problem as well as the structural abnormalities.
Basal Ganglia ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Explosions ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Railroads ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Survivors

No abstract available.
Coxiella burnetii* ; Coxiella* ; Korea* ; Milk*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Movement of mitral valve during diastole and blood flow velocity through the valve can be accurately measured using M-mode and pulsed wave Doppler technique, respectively. However, the relationship between mechanical excursion and flow phenomenon at the same cardiac cycle has not been seriously investigated. METHOD: The subjects of this study included twenty cases with normal mitral flow pattern in Doppler echocardiography (Group I, mean age:44+/-20.8years, mean ejection fraction (EF):52+/-20.9%), twenty three cases with relaxation abnormality (Group II, mean age:59+/-11.4years, mean EF:43+/-18.2%) and seventeen cases with restrictive physiology (Group III, mean age: 47+/-15.9years, mean EF: 24+/-11.0%). We measured excursion of mitral leaflets at early (DE) and late (DA) diastole, area of mitral valvular opening using two dimensional calibration on M mode images, and transmitral inflow velocity (E (early ventricular filling)-, A (atrial contraction)-velocity), TVI (time velocity integral) on Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: DE-excursions (mm) in group I, II, III were 16.8+/-4.7, 14.2+/-3.5, 15.3+/-4.1, DA-excursions (mm) were 9.8+/-3.2, 10.7+/-3.0, 8.3+/-2.7, E-areas (cm2) were 2.8+/-1.3, 2.6+/-0.8, 2.5+/-1.0, A-areas (cm2) were 1.7+/-0.8, 1.7+/-0.7, 2.0+/-0.6, respectively. In E-, A-velocity, deceleration time, E-TVI and A-TVI, there were significant differences among three groups. However, in DE-, DA-excursion, E-, A-area, there were no significant differences among three groups. Between DE excursion and E velocity, DA excursion and A velocity, and total opening area and total TVI in total subjects, significant correlations were absent. CONCLUSION: The mitral excursions and mitral opening areas on M mode images did not show any significant correlations with the mitral inflow velocities and TVI by pulsed Doppler, which suggests that the excursion of mitral leaflets is independent of transmitral inflow.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Calibration ; Deceleration ; Diastole ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Mitral Valve* ; Physiology ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Autopsy* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay*

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease, which hallmark is a dense accumulation of PAS positive phospholipid material within alveolar sac. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is classified as primary form of unknown etiology and secondary form associated with other diseases. We report a case of secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with acute erythroleukemia. A C year old male patient complained of nonproductive cough and general weakness, and presented fine inspiratory crackles at both lower lung field. Chest radiographs and high resolution CT scans showd a lobular pattern of ground-grass opacity with interlobular septal thickening in the center field of the both lungs, Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed acute erythroleukemia. Open lung biopsy revealed PAS positive eosinophilic granular material filled in alveoli. He was treated with TAD chemotherapy, but died from multiorgan failure with pneumonia 22days after chemotherapy.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cough ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute* ; Lung ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rare Diseases ; Respiratory Sounds ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Primary cervical carcinosarcoma is very rare malignancy with fewer than 50 documented cases in the literature, which is a histologic variant of cervical cancer. In addition, sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma has been described in only 4 prior cases. We experienced a case of 42 year-old female with sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. We report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Carcinosarcoma ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) involves frequently the inferior vena cava (IVC). As effective treatment of RCC with IVC thrombus is currently lacking, aggressive surgical treatment may be considered. However, this procedure can result in fatal complications such as pulmonary embolism. We experienced a case of pulmonary embolism diagnosed, not by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, but by a computed tomography scan taken just after radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy in a 63-year-old patient with RCC extending to the IVC.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Embolism ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Thrombectomy ; Thrombosis* ; Vena Cava, Inferior*

Orbital lesions may be the presenting sign of a systemic disease, such as a metastatic cancer. A metastatic cancer of the orbit, which has been reported to account for 2~3% of all orbital tumor, is a malignant neoplasm that had spread by hematogenous routes to the orbit from a distant primary site. Although metastatic orbital tumors are mostly from breast, lung, prostate, rarely, they can be originated from gastrointestinal tract such as large intestine, ileum and pancreas. However, there has been no report of metastatic orbital tumor from biliary system, until now. Herein, we report a unique case of metastatic orbital tumor from the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which has been successfully controlled with systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Biliary Tract ; Breast ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Drug Therapy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Ileum ; Intestine, Large ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Orbit* ; Pancreas ; Prostate ; Radiotherapy

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the plain chest radiographic and CT findings of superficial endobronchial lung cancer and to correlate these with the findings of histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 19 consecutive patients with pathologically proven lung cancer confined to the bronchial wall. Chest radiographs and CT scans were reviewed for the presence of parenchymal abnormalities, endobronchial nodules, bronchial obstruction, and bronchial wall thickening and stenosis. The CT and histopathologic findings were compared. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 19 patients had abnormal chest radiographic findings, while in 15 (79%), CT revealed bronchial abnormalities: an endobronchial nodule in seven, bronchial obstruction in five, and bronchial wall thickening and stenosis in three. Histopathologically, the lesions appeared as endobronchial nodules in 11 patients, irregular thickening of the bronchial wall in six, elevated mucosa in one, and carcinoma in situ in one. CONCLUSION: CT helps detect superficial endobronchial lung cancer in 79% of these patients, though there is some disagreement between the CT findings and the pathologic pattern of bronchial lesions. Although nonspecific, findings of bronchial obstruction or bronchial wall thickening and stenosis should not be overlooked, and if clinically necessary, bronchoscopy should be performed.
Carcinoma in Situ/pathology/radiography ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/*radiography ; Human ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology/*radiography ; Male ; Middle Age ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Case 1:A 59-year-old man underwent mitral valve replacement and Maze operation.Under general anesthesia, a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and superior vena cava (SVC) cannula were inserted.There were no complications during surgery.However, when the surgeons attempted to remove the PAC the next day there was resistance that caused the catheter to break during removal.A chest X ray revealed that the distal portion of the PAC remained in his heart.Therefore, the patient underwent surgery to remove the remnant catheter.Case 2:A 62-year-old man underwent mitral valvuloplasty.A PAC was inserted under general anesthesia.After the procedure, the patient was weaned off his cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).However, his pulmonary artery pressure could not be measured and an abnormal wave was observed. We attempted to re-insert the catheter, but were unsuccesful.An operation was conducted and the catheter was found to be tied at the septum of the right atrium.
Anesthesia, General ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Catheters ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; Pulmonary Artery ; Thorax ; Vena Cava, Superior