1. Identifications of drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral treatment naive HIV-1 patients in Peninsular Malaysia
Rozainanee Mohd ZAIN ; Nabila IBRAHIM ; Suriani ISMAIL ; Jeyanthi SUPPIAH ; Nor Aziyah MAT RAHIM ; Ravindran THAYAN
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017;10(1):75-78
Objective To determine drug resistance mutations and the HIV-1 subtypes among antiretroviral treatment naive HIV-1 patients in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A total of 45 samples from four hospitals that provide HIV viral load services were subjected to the amplification of the protease and two third of reverse transcriptase regions of the pol gene by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Drug resistance mutation (DRM) interpretation reports the presence of mutations related to protease inhibitors (PIs), Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) based on analysis using Stanford HIV database program. Results DRMs were identified in 35% of patients, among which 46.7% of them showed minor resistance to protease inhibitor with A71V and L10l were the commonest DRMs detected. About 21.4% and 50.0% of patients had mutations to NRTIs and NNRTIs, respectively. CRF01_AE was found to be the predominant HIV-1 subtype. Conclusions These findings have served as an initial crucial data in determining the prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance for the country. However, more samples from various parts of the country need to be accumulated and analyzed to provide overall HIV-1 drug resistance in the country.
2.A Two Years Retrospective Study on Epidemiology Characteristics of Sexually Transmitted Infections From Malaysian Private Healthcare Perspective
Shafiq Aazmi ; Fadzilah Mohd Nor ; Tengku Shahrul Anuar ; Tengku Nur Syahirah Tengku Kamaruzaman ; Muhammad Nazri Aziz ; Nabila Ibrahim ; Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja Yahya ; Azdayanti Muslim ; , Farida Zuraina Mohd Yusof
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2021;17(No.4):268-274
Introduction: Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) are major public health concerns reaching an all-time high, globally. In Malaysia data on the prevalence of STIs remains scarce which limits the understanding of STI transmission
dynamics and the role of interventions in the control of STIs. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology
characteristics of STIs mainly from Malaysian private healthcare institutions. Method: A two years (2016 and 2017)
retrospective review was conducted on 160 multiplex RT-PCR STI reports from KPJ hospitals, Malaysia. Results:
There were 65 (40.6 %) patients positive STIs [male: 21/65 (32.3 %); female: 44/65 (67.7 %)]. The STIs was prevalent among young adults (56/65; 86.2 %) from the central region (46/65; 70.8 %). Females had 1.7 times greater risk
to develop STI (20 per 100) and two times higher chance to have multiple STIs (10 per 100) in comparison to male.
The single STIs was caused mainly by U. parvum (N=17). In males, U. urealyticum (N=3) and C. trachomatis (N=3)
were prevalent, while U. parvum (N=15) was prevalent in females. There were 19 dual infections of STIs which were
commonly caused by U. parvum and M. hominis (N=5). There were seven STIs cases caused by three pathogens
concurrently including U. urealyticum, U. parvum and C. trachomatis (N=2) and U. urealyticum, M. genitalium
and C. trachomatis (N=2). Females from urban communities have higher risk in comparison to males for developing
multiple STIs. Conclusion: This study provides an imperative platform for temporal trends of STIs in Malaysia which
reflects the health status of certain populations that warrant immediate public health interventions.