AIM: To observe the interocular symmetry of primary angle-closure suspects` (PACS) parameters using IOL Master.METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study.Totally 112 eyes from 56 subjects were enrolled to detect the difference of the bilateral axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and white to white distance(WTW), and to evaluate the correlation between the interocular differences of △AL, △ACD and △WTW and age, gender.RESULTS: All the parameters were analyzed by paired-samples t test and there were no significant interocular difference (P>0.05).There was no relation of ΔAL,ΔACD and ΔWTW with age and gender.CONCLUSION: Interocular symmetry of parameters by IOL Master was observed in PACS, and we found that the symmetry would not be altered when the age and gender had changed.

This paper introduced multiple flexible teaching methods in medical immunology based on its characteristics including paying attention to introductory class,activating class atmosphere,integrating multiple teaching form.Results showed that these methods stimulating interests of the students,improving their comprehensive quality and ability of innovation,so teaching effect can be improved accordingly.

Objective To translate the English version of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Severity Instrument ( IADS ) into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity. Methods The IADS was introduced and localized with the permission by the author. A total of 60 patients who had IAD in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from June to August 2012 were investigated. The internal consistency reliability, inter-rater reliability and content validity were used to evaluate the scale. Results The reliability and validity of IAD severity scale showed that Cronbach′α coefficient was 0.72;inter- rater correlation coefficient was 0.82, P<0.01;content validity ratio was 0.91. Conclusions The Chinese version of IADS was proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used to identify IAD and its severity and provide the basis for clinical intervention and dynamic assessment.

Background Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a primary treatment for cataract.However,tear film stability and ocular surface structure are affected after surgery,especially some cataract patients with diabetes.Researches determined that tear film dysfunction is an important causative factor of dry eye.Objective This study was to investigate the change of tear film after phacoemulsification in cataract patient with diabetes.Methods A non-randomized cases-controlled study was designed.Thirty-six cataract patients with diabetes (54 eyes)and matched 32 patients (40 eyes)with age-related cataract were included in this study in Tianjin First Center Hospital from October,2010 to May,2011.Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was performed on the all patients with the same topical eyedrops in both groups.Dry eye-related symptom was surveyed and scored by questionnaire,and tear film break-up time (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test(S Ⅰ t)and corneal fluorescein(FL) were examined 3 days before operation and 1 day,1 week,1month,3 months after operation.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before entering this trial.Results The percentage with preoperative symptoms of dry eye was 36.2％ and postoperative dry eye symptoms accounted for 75.8％.Significant differences were seen in dry eye symptom score,FL score,BUT value and S Ⅰ t value between the diabetic cataract group and only cataract group as well as among 4 time points(dry eye symptom score:Fgroup =139.347,P =0.000 ; Ftime =342.741,P =0.000 ; FL score: Fgroup =14.073,P =0.000 ; Ftime =332.697,P =0.000 ; BUT value: Fgroup =28.198,P =0.000 ; Ftime =868.364,P =0.000 ; S Ⅰ t value: Fgroup =2.848,P =0.095 ; Ftime =564.017,P=0.000).FL scores of 2 groups were significantly higher in postoperation than those in preoperation (P＜0.05),and those of diabetic cataract group were significantly higher than only cataract group(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between postoperation 3 months and preoperation (P＞0.05).BUT was shorter in postoperation than that in preoperation in the diabetic cataract group(P＜0.05).S Ⅰ t values in postoperative 1 day and 1 week were significantly lower than in preoperation in both groups(P＜0.05).However,S Ⅰ t values returned to normal from 1 month through 3 months in both groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Tear film dysfunction occurs after operationin cataract patient with type 2 diabetes.It is thought that cataract patient with diabetes is susceptible population of dry eye.Dry eye appears more early and severer in diabetes patients after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation.

Odor and taste are characteristic properties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). They are closely related to the chemical compositions in TCM. They are also the outer reflection of TCM quality and an important part of the character identification. This article reviewed the current research on odor and taste identification of TCM, which indicated that odor and taste identification had not been paid enough attention to and its research lagged behind modern social development. Based on current analytical techniques and methods, this article proposed a new idea for odor and taste identification of TCM. The idea emphasized the objectification of odor and taste and TCM identification research should be combined with chemical components analysis.

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to perform a qualitative elementary analysis on four precious Tibetan medicines, i. e. Renqing Mangjue, Renqing Changjue, 25-herb coral pills and 25-herb pearl pills. The specific spectra of the four Tibetan medicines were established. In the experiment, Nd: YAG and 1 064 nm-baseband pulse laser were adopted to collect the spectra. A laser beam focused on the surface of the samples to generate plasma. Its spectral signal was detected by using spectrograph. Based on the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) database, LIBS spectral lines were indentified. The four Tibetan medicines mainly included Ca, Na, K, Mg and other elements and C-N molecular band. Specifically, Fe was detected in Renqing Changjue and 25-herb pearl pills; heavy mental elements Hg and Cu were shown in Renqing Mangjue and Renqing Changjue; Ag was found in Renqing Changjue. The results demonstrated that LIBS is a reliable and rapid multi-element analysis on the four Tibetan medicines. With Real-time, rapid and nondestructive advantages, LIBS has a wide application prospect in the element analysis on ethnic medicines.
Calcium ; analysis ; Copper ; analysis ; Iron ; analysis ; Lasers ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Mercury ; analysis ; Silver ; analysis ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods

Near-infrared (NIR) was used as rapid analysis method to identify the sulfur fumigated Puerariae Lobatae Radix. NIR spectra of the cross-sectional and longitudinal selection of samples were acquired. Principal component analysis was conducted. The samples were randomly selected. The different pretreatment methods were compared. Discriminant models were established for every type of spectra to calculate the recognition rate. The orthogonal test and nonparametric test were used to test data normality. The result showed that absorbance values of different sections were different due to the different structure, and the raw spectra were analyzed by PCA method. The result founded that the cumulative contribution rate was arrived at 99.2% while the PC numbers were arrived at 3. The pretreatment method based on the MSC + 1D + Savitzky-Golay was the best to establish the model. For the 50 models constructed with cross-section and longitudinal spectra and total spectra, the recognition rate were (94.4 ± 0.66)%, (94.4 ± 0.66)%, (95.3 ± 0.65)%, respectively, and no difference was observed. The NIR method could be used to identify the sulfur fumigated Puerariae Lobatae Radix.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Discriminant Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fumigation ; Pueraria ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Sulfur ; chemistry

AIM:To study the effects and mechanisms of ethanol on chloride channels in poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells.METHODS:The effect of ethanol on the cell growth was analyzed by MTT as-say.The technique of whole-cell patch-clamp was used to detect the chloride current .The characteristics of the chloride current were analyzed by using the chloride channel blockers .The siRNA technique was used to analyze the molecular basis of the ethanol-sensitive chloride channels .RESULTS: Under isotonic conditions , the background current was weak and stable.Ethanol at concentrations of 0.17~170 mmol/L activated a chloride current in a concentration-dependent manner (an inverted U-shape), with a maximum effect at the concentration of 17 mmol/L.The currents showed obviously outward rectification and were susceptible to extracellular hypertonicity and the chloride channel blocker , 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropyl-amino) benzoic acid ( NPPB) .ClC-3 siRNA obviously decreased the currents activated by ethanol .CONCLUSION:Ex-tracellular ethanol induces chloride currents through activating the ClC-3 chloride channels .

Objective To establish tissue biobank of osteoarthritis in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital to promote orthopedic research study in China.Methods Fresh tissue or blood samples were collected from patients who underwent surgical operation for osteoarthritis since July 2007.Clinical information of the patientswasalsocollected.MicrosoftAccessdatabasesystemwasusedforthemanagementof information.Results From July 2007 to November 2011,a total of 2605 medical records and15188 tissue or blood samples were collected.Among them,165 tissue samples and 2005 blood samples were provided for molecular biology or epidemiological research.Conclusion Human tissue biobank is important for research work.Present osteoarthritis tissue collection and storage is feasible and could supply quality samples for study.

Objective To study the dosimetry for copper compensator in IMRT.Methods 10 patients (3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma,4 esophageal cancer,3 colorectal cancer) from IMRT plans made in Oncentra Planning System enrolled in this study.The fluence matrices of each plan were converted into compensator thickness matrices based on attenuation coefficient of copper under 6 MV radiation ray which was measured with ion chamber.While irradiating the homogenous phantom with the intensity modulated plans performed by copper compensator,film was used to measure the planar dose.In the end,γanalysis was carried out between the measured and calculated planar doses with the criteria of 3％ DD/3 mm DTA.Paired t test to MU differences of MLC plans and copper compensator plans.Results The γanalysis results showed the planar dose pass rates of 10 plans lie between 90.2％ and 98.2％,which means the IMRf technique based on copper compensator can meet the clinical needs.The MU for copper compensator IMRT plans is less than the MLC IMRT plans (873.9 vs.975.1,P =0.005).Conclusions Compared to conventional IMRT based on MLC,copper compensator has the advantage of lower requirement of hardware and lower scattering dose in patient.Copper compensator can meet the needs of clinical practice.