Objective To determine the distribution profile of apocrine sweat glands in axillary region of patients with axillary osmidrosis,and to compare their distribution at different sites.Methods Fifteen patients with axillary osmidrosis were enrolled in this study from September to December 2010.All the patients underwent surgical removal of apocrine sweat glands under direct vision.Full-thickness skin tissue measuring 2 mm in width was excised down to the axillary superficial fascia at the incisional surgical sites from five patients.Five points,which were at the center of axillary region (point 1),1 cm away from the center of axillary region (point 2),1 cm inside the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 3),the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 4),and 1 cm outside the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 5),were marked,and dark red,rough granular subcutaneous tissue was obtained at these points in 10 patients with axillary osmidrosis.Results The secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands was mainly distributed in the reticular dennis and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue,but no apocrine sweat glands were obs erred in the epidermis,dermal papilla or axillary superficial fascia.The distribution profile of apocrine sweat glands was consistent with that of axillary hairs.There were numerous apocrine sweat glands in the center of axillary region,but only a small number at the edge of axillary hair-bearing area,and no apocrine sweat gland was observed at 1 cm outside the edge.The percentage of apocrine sweat gland area at point 1-5 was 74.1％,46.6％,25.3％,2.1％,and 0 respectively,with significant differences between point 1 and 2 (t--29.78,P＜ 0.01),point 2 and 3 (t--9.76,P＜ 0.01),point 3 and 4 (t =20.83,P＜ 0.01),but not between point 4 and 5 (t =1.96,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions During the surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis,the removal of apocrine sweat glands should be extended to the reticular dennis and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue in depth and the edge of axillary hair-bearing area in width,and there is no need to blindly increase the extent of removal.

Objective To explore the enrichment technique of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae on the water surface,so as to establish a new method combined with the existing technology to detect the cercarial infested water body quickly and sensitive-ly. Methods Soybean oil,gasoline,kerosene and isophorone were screened as expanding agents. The cercariae were enriched by the thrust of the expanding agents when diffusing on the water surface,and PE adsorption film and C-6 film were applied to seize them so as to determine the infectivity of the water quickly. The relationship between the dose of expanding agents and dif-fusion radius were explored. Results Gasoline,kerosene and isophorone were suitable expanding agents,and the diffusion ef-fect of isophorone was the best. After the enrichment by the expanding agents,the detection rate of cercariae of the method seiz-ing cercariae with the film significantly improved in the water. Conclusion This new method could effectively improve the de-tection rate of the cercarial infested water and is suitable for the low-degree infested water.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic values of ultrasound (US) and (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/computerized tomography (CT) in diagnosing suspected thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastasis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 28 patients who had undergone total or subtotal thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection from December 2011 to December 2012 in PUMC Hospital and had undergone US and FDG PET/CT before surgery were retrospectively analyzed. In each patient, US and FDG PET/CT images were retrospectively reviewed to determine the presence of carcinoma with or without loco-regional metastasis by level-by-level analysis. The potential correlation between imaging results and histopathology were analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 11 benign lesions,15 papillary carcinomas, one follicular carcinoma, and one medullary carcinoma. For thyroid carcinoma,the sensitivity and specificity were 88.2% and 63.6% for US and 76.5% and 54.5% for FDG PET/CT(P>0.05). For lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity was 68.0% for US and 60.0% for FDG PET/CT (P>0.05), and the specificity was 96.7% for US and FDG PET/CT.FDG PET/CT could provide more diagnostic information than US for patients with level 2 or 5 metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSCombination of US and FDG PET/CT is typically not needed for differentiating thyroid lesions.However, for patients with suspected lymph node metastasis of infrequently involved levels, the combination of US and FDG PET/CT may be a good choice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Objective:To observe the diagnostic value of the fat deposition between the base of spinous process and dura mater in the mid-sagittal T1WI image of lumbar spine MRI for occult pars interarticularis defect, and to discuss the its mechanism.Methods:From January 2015 to December 2019, 32 cases with low back and leg pain were confirmed by MR scanning that the fat deposition between the dura mater and the base of spinous process with or without fat deposition in the rest of the spinal canal, including 20 males and 12 females were included. The age was 28.5±6.2 years (range, 18-57 years). Spiral CT scanning and multiplanar reconstruction were used to judge the integrity of the isthmus, levels of defect, and unilateral or bilateral defect. The observation of the above imaging data were independently completed by two orthopaedic doctors.Results:In 32 patients with epidural fat deposition, there were 24 patients with occult isthmus and 8 patients with simple epidural lipomatosis, confirmed by spiral CT multiplanar reconstruction. In 24 cases of isthmus, there were 18 males and 6 females. The age was 27.3±5.3 years (range, 18-45 years). There were 2 cases between the base of L 4 spinous process and dura mater, and 22 cases between the base of L 5 spinous process and dura mater, without fat deposition in the rest of the spinal canal. All 24 cases were bilateral isthmus, and the anterior and lateral X-ray could not be diagnosed. All patients complained of different degrees of mechanical low back pain. 6 cases with disc herniation, and no case with intermittent claudication. In 8 patients with simple epidural lipomatosis, there were 2 males and 6 females. The age ranged from 32 to 55 years, with an average of 38.4±6.7 years. There were 4 cases between the base of L 3 spinous process and dura mater, 3 cases between the base of L 4 spinous process and dura mater, and 1 case between the base of L 5 spinous process and dura mater. All 8 patients had fat deposition between the lamina and dura mater in the upper and/or the same level, and the dura mater was compressed by the fat. 8 patients complained of different degrees of low back pain without tenderness. 2 cases with disc herniation, and one case with intermittent claudication. Conclusion:The fat deposition sign between the base of spinous process and dura mater has certain specificity for occult lumbar spondylolysis. As an effective supplement to the discontinuous bone signal of spondylolysis, it is helpful to the early diagnosis of spondylolysis.

At present, China has entered a deeply aging society, and preparing for elderly care actively can respond to the aging population. This article reviews the theoretical basis, research status, evaluation tools, and influencing factors of elderly care preparation, aiming to provide reference for deepening the elderly care preparation work and achieving healthy aging.

Objective To evaluate the effect of root canal taper and post on tooth stress distribution. Methods Three-dimensional finite element models of human mandibular first molar with root canals prepared with 35# K file, ProTaper and Profile were established. The tooth were restored with fiberresin, stainless steel and silver amalgam posts respectively. A vertical load on tooth occlusal surface was simulated. Marc software was used to analyze and calculate the stress distributions in the tooth restored with three kinds of different root canal posts, especially the in the cervical part and root. Results Different tapered root canals had no obvious influence on stress distribution in all three different posts. Stress distribution of stainless steel post located at the cervical and middle part of distal root, the highest Von-Mises stress was about 45 MPa. Stress distribution of silver amalgam post located at the orifice of root canal and pulp fundus, the highest Von-Mises stress was about 16 MPa. Stress distribution of fiber-resin post had no obvious stress concentration. Conclusions Fiber-resin post is the most ideal root canal post. Stainless steel post causes remarkable stress concentration in the root, which may raise the possibility of root fracture.

Objective To explore the correlation of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and heat shock protein-47(HSP-47)levels with prognosis in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage.Methods One hundred and forty-five patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage attending our hospital from March 2018 to May 2022 were selected,and assigned into good prognosis group(n=80)and poor prognosis group(n=65)according to their postoperative prognosis.General information of patients was recorded.The early morning of the day after admission fasting peripheral venous blood samples were collected for the detection of serum MMP-9 and HSP47 levels.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen the risk factors affecting poor prognosis in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage,and the predictive value of serum MMP-9 and HSP47 levels on prognosis of patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage was evaluated by plotting ROC curve.Results Statistical difference was found in shape and volume of hematoma between two groups(P＜0.05).Serum MMP-9 and HSP47 levels in poor prognosis group were higher than that in good prognosis group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis denoted that duration of surgery,hematoma shape,hematoma volume,serum MMP-9 and HSP47 levels were all risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage(P＜0.05).Patients with the time of onset to surgery＞24 hours irregular shaped hematoma,large hematoma volume,and elevated serum levels of MMP-9 and HSP47 suffered a high risk of poor prognosis.ROC curve analysis demonstrated that AUC of serum MMP-9 and HSP47 levels for predicting the postoperative prognosis of patients with acute cerebral haemorrhage were 0.718 and 0.827,with a sensitivity of 81.5％and 80.0％,and a specificity of 50.0％and 81.2％,respectively.The AUC,sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of serum MMP-9 and HSP47 for prognosis prediction were 0.891,86.2％and 85.0％.Conclusion Serum MMP-9 and HSP47 levels are elevated in patients with poor prognosis after acute cerebral haemorrhage,and irregular shaped hematoma,hematoma volume,and serum MMP-9 and HSP47 levels are risk factors for poor prognosis after acute cerebral haemorrhage.Furthermore,serum MMP-9 and HSP47 are of great predictive value for the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral haemorrhage,and the predictive efficacy of combined detection of the two is better than that of separate test.

Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) and mental health status of patients with HIV/AIDS in Minhang District of Shanghai,and to explore the factors that affect their quality of life.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Minhang District among HIV/AIDS patients.All subjects finished general situation questionnaire,Beck depression inventory (BDI),self rating anxiety scale (SAS),social support scale (SSS) and generic quality of life inventory-74 (GQOLI-74) survey.Results A total of 294 patients were recruited in this study with mean age of (39.6 ± 12.6) years old.Among the subjects,mean score of SAS was 40.5 ± 8.8,higher than national normative score (t =20.8,P＜0.001).The prevalence of anxiety was 13.9％.The mean score of BDI was 8.90 ± 8.59,and the prevalence of depression was 28.6％.The mean score of quality of life (QOL) was 66.6 ± 10.9.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that QOL of patients with high school or secondary school was lower than those with college and above education (OR =0.34,95 ％ CI:0.12-0.95).QOL scores of patients with moderate or severe depression were lower than those with less depressed patients,OR values were 0.14(95 ％ CI:0.06-0.34) and 0.07(95 CI:0.03-0.20)respectively.QOL of patients with anxiety was lower than the patients without anxiety (OR =0.10,95 ％CI:0.04-0.27).QOL of patients with high scores of social support was higher than the patients with low scores of social support (OR =3.95,95 ％ CI:1.82-8.59).Conclusions We should pay more attention to the psychological state of patients with HIV/AIDS.The quality of life can be improved by improving social support and reducing the occurrence of anxiety and depression.

Objective To understand the trends and epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Minhang District of Shanghai,so as to provide scientific basis for making control strategies.Methods The data of reported cases of syphilis in Minhang District from 2005 to 2016 were analyzed with epidemiological methods.Results Overall 11 394 cases of syphilis were reported from 2005 to 2016,the incidence was 42.9 per 100 000 person-year.The incidences of Phase Ⅰ,Phase Ⅱ,Phase Ⅲ,genital and latent syphilis were 10.3,13.4,0.3,2.3 and 16.6 per 100 000 person-year,respectively.In 2009,the incidence reached 59.1 per 100 000 person-year and reach peak.The cases were constituted by local residents (62.4％) and residents from other provinces (37.6％),male patients predominated with male/female ratio of 1.1∶1.Most cases were aged from 25 to 54 years old(61.1 ％),and those people older than 54 years were more and more likely to be found infected.Local residents predominated by those who aged 25-64 years (74.2％) and other province predominated by 15-44 years (79.1％),the ratios of male/female were 1.3 ∶ 1 and 0.8 ∶ 1.Female were much younger than male,there were 50.0％ of female and 29.3％ of male who were aged between 15-34 years old.Latent syphilis was mostly reported in local male residents who were older than 55 years,female who were 25-54 years and other provinces' female aged 15-44.Phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ syphilis were mostly reported in local male residents less than 55 years old and other provinces' male less than 65 years old.There were significant difference between residence,sex,age and different kinds of syphilis with P＜0.001.Conclusions The trends of syphilis incidence was increasing before 2009 in Minhang District and then declining and slowing down in recent years.The measure of reinforcing monitor,propaganda and education,active screening syphilis in female and local old man should be taken to control and prevent the spread of syphilis.

The structure of fibrauretin made by our lab was modified. Fibrauretin was demethylated at 9-site under high temperature pyrolysis at 160℃-180℃ and was reacted with a series of acid chlorides. Twele derivatives of fibrauretin were obtained. The structure of each derivative was determined by1H-NMR and13C-NMR. The derivatives were 9-O-benzoyl-fibrauretin, 9-O-( 2-methylbenzoyl)-fibrauretin, 9-O-( 4-methylbenzoyl)-fibrauretin, 9-O-(3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl)-fibrauretin, 9-O-(4-(chloromethyl) benzoyl)-fibrauretin and other derivatives. The 12 derivatives are all new chemical compounds. Taking ATCI as substrate,the inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the head of flies of the fibrauretin and its derivatives were screened. The results showed that most of the derivatives had improved their inhibitory activity on AChE through esterification reaction. Compounds 9-O-(4-methylbenzoyl)-fibrauretin, 9-O-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-fibrauretinand 9-O-(4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl)-fibrauretin had significant inhibitory effect on AChE,and the inhibitory activity was stronger than the that of donepezil.