The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity, depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity and to find out the explanatory variables that account for the insomnia severity among depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity in general population. 95 mentally healthy volunteers who visit health promotion center of Kangbuk Samsung hospital for their regular medical examination were requested to complete Athens Insomnia Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Association between total scores of Athens Insomnia scale and other variables (total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16, total scores of State Anxiety, total scores of Trait Anxiety, and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Scale) was assessed individually with partial correlations adjusted by age and then together using multiple regression analysis. The total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale were significantly associated with total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16(r = 0.541, p<0.001), total scores of Trait Anxiety(r = 0.642, p<0.001), total scores of State Anxiety(r = 0.267, p<0.05), and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Index(r = 0.312, p<0.01). Total scores of trait anxiety showed the highest correlation with the total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale and was the significant predictor to total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale among the other predictor variables (p<0.001). These results show that insomnia severity is positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity. The correlation was strongest with trait anxiety. In addition, our results suggest that trait anxiety is associated with insomnia severity in general populations.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Health Promotion ; Healthy Volunteers ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*

Though the incidence of paragonimiasis has been remarkably decreased since 1970, it is still not a rare disease in Korea. Major problems in the diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis on chest radiography are its differentiation from pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer. Chest radiographic findings have been described in detail, but little have been reported on CT findings. We reviewed CT findings of 10 patients with pulmonary paragonimiasis. The characteristic CT findings were similar to those on chest radiography, such as air-space consolidation (70%), nodular mass (50%), pleural effusion (40%), cystic lesion (30%), small low density within the mass (30%), linear density (20%), pneumothorax(20%), and burrow track (20%). CT depicted the cystic lesions and the burrow tracks more clearly and showed the small worm-retaining cysts within the mass that were not detectable on chest radiography. In conclusion, all of these CT findings are useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis especially when differentiation from tuberculosis or lung canceris difficult on chest radiography.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Paragonimiasis* ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rare Diseases ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors for periodontal diseases in Korean adults. METHODS: In this study, raw data obtained from the third year of the 5th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012) were used. The data were collected from 5,513 Korean adults, aged > or =19 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval in order to ascertain the factors influencing periodontal diseases. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the risk factors responsible for periodontal diseases in Korean adults in 2012. After all factors were adjusted for, the following were identified as the only risk factors for periodontal diseases: sex, age, income level, educational level, occupation, history of smoking and alcohol consumption, usual stress recognition level, diabetes, self-assessed oral health, and daily tooth brushing frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study revealed that sociodemographic characteristics, health behavior and status, self-assessed oral health, and oral health were the factors that affect periodontal diseases.
Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Occupations ; Odds Ratio ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Diseases* ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tooth

The dangers of explosion hazards and operation theater contamination by inhalation anesthetics have led to a renewed interest in intravenous anesthesia. without intubation. We have reported clinical studies of Thalamonal-ketamine anesthesia under room air breathing in non-abdominal surgery in a previous paper that discussed advantages, disadvantages and usefulness. Now, we report Thalamonal-N2O-Ketamine anesthesia with a microdrip technique and intubation in 63 patients undergoing various operations. These patients were divided into three groups by operation site: Group 1-upper abdominal, Group 2-lower abdominal and Group 3-non-aMominal surgery. These groups were subdivided, by muscle relaxants used, into pancuronium, d-tubocurarine and no relaxant groups. To minimize potential cardiovascular stimulation and postoperative sequelae, ThalamonaI was used at the beginning of anesthesia. The results were as follows: 1) The average duration of anesthesia was 153.9 minutes. The duration of anesthesia was 217.9 minutes in Group I, 121.9 minutes in Group 2 and 152.1 minutes in Group 3. 2) The average dose of ketamine-during induction was 1mg/kg/19 minutes. The average maintenance dose of ketamine was 1.8mg/kg/hr, 2.3mg/kg/hr in Group 1, 1.6mg/kg/hr in Group 2 and 1.8mg/kg/hr in Group 3. 3) The order of frequency of administration and total dose of pancuronium and d-tubocurarine was Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3. 4) The changes in vital signs after intubation and during anesthesia were insignificant clinically. 5) The average duration required from the end of operation to extubation was 10 minutes. 6) Arterial blood gas study performed preoperatively, during operation and in the recovery room in 11 patients revealed no significant changes. 7) The postanesthetic complications were pleasant dreams 18% (11), unpleasant dreams 6% (4), emergence delirium 3% (2), vomiting 6% (4) and shivering 3% (2).
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Delirium ; Dreams ; Explosions ; Humans ; Intubation ; Ketamine* ; Pancuronium ; Recovery Room ; Respiration ; Shivering ; Tubocurarine ; Vital Signs ; Vomiting

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oral health beliefs and oral health-related dietary behavior. Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were 728 middle school students living in Jeonju who were selected through convenience sampling. For the survey, self-administered questionnaires were completed in individual settings. The analysis model was the oral health belief model, and the analysis method was path analysis. Results: Among oral health beliefs, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy were found to be correlated with the oral health-related dietary behavior index. Multiple regression analysis showed that factors affecting the oral health-related dietary behavior index were gender (female), perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy. Path analysis showed that variables that significantly impact the oral health-related dietary behavior index are perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and likelihood of action. The factor with the greatest impact was perceived barrier; the lower the barrier, the higher the level of dietary behavior undertaken to prevent dental caries. Conclusions Oral health beliefs are related to oral health-related dietary behavior. Since perceived barriers had the greatest correlation with oral health-related dietary behavior, measures must be taken to help remove the barriers.

No abstract available.
Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mucins*

The prediction of functional outcome in patients with acute cerebral infarction depends on many factors. Various techniques have been applied to predict severity and outcome after cerebral infarction. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a component of a specific brain enzyme and a useful marker of brain injury. We evaluated the relation between initial serum NSE level and short- and long-term clinical outcome in 59 patients with acute cerebral infarction and in 38 age-matched healthy controls. Serum NSE levels were determined in patients with carotid artery (CA) territory cerebral infarction within 24 hours of onset. Brain MRI was performed four to seven days after stroke. Patients were divided into two groups: large CA territory infarction with a lesion extending cortex (cortex group), and small subcortical CA territory infarction (subcortical group) with a lesion confined to the subcortical white matter. We compared the initial serum NSE levels of the two groups. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was determined at admission and seven days after onset and the modified Rankin's scale was used at the 3 months follow-up after onset. Serum NSE levels were significantly elevated in patients with acute cerebral infarction compared with the normal controls (13.88 +/- 5.47 ng/dl vs. 8.15 +/- 1.53 ng/dl, p < 0.05). The initial ( < 24 h) serum NSE level was higher in the cortical group than in the subcortical group (16.68 +/- 5.70 ng/dl vs. 10.98 +/- 3.34 ng/dl, p < 0.05). NIHSS on admission and on the 7th day correlated with the initial serum NSE level (p < 0.05), as were more severe functional outcomes, as determined 3 months after onset (p < 0.05). This study shows that initial serum NSE level may be a useful marker for severity in acute ischemic stroke, and that it may be well correlated with short-term and long-term functional outcomes.
Acute Disease ; Aged ; Carotid Artery Diseases/*physiopathology ; Cerebral Infarction/*physiopathology ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/*blood ; Severity of Illness Index

PURPOSE: We report a case of intravitreal bevacizumab injection for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization in morning glory syndrome. CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old male visited our hospital for a 1.5-year visual disturbance in his right eye. The patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 0.1 in the right eye. After fundus examination, we found characteristic findings of morning glory syndrome with submacular hemorrhage and serous retinal detachment in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed for evaluation. Retinoschisis, subretinal fluid, and choroidal neovascularization were detected, and thus bevacizumab was injected in the right eye. After intravitreal bevacizumab injection, retinoschisis was improved, and subretinal fluid was decreased. However, retinal pigment epithelial detachment was newly detected, and serous retinal detachment persisted. After 2 months, a second bevacizumab injection was performed. After these intravitreal bevacizumab injections at 1 and 2 months, visual acuity was 0.4 and 0.6, respectively. Visual acuity improved to 1.0 after 3 months. Visual acuity was maintained for at least 6 months with no relapse of choroidal neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS: The choroidal neovascularization in morning glory syndrome was effectively treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections.
Angiography ; Choroidal Neovascularization* ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinoschisis ; Subretinal Fluid ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

Informed consent is the procedure that respects the autonomy of patients ; doctors protect patients' choices and rights through informed consent. Competence and voluntariness are prerequisite for the informed consent. In recent years, the necessity of informed consent from the Psychiatric department has been raised. Regarding informed consent from the Psychiatric department, there is a need to consider from two perspectives : respect for the patient's decision-making ability and the psychiatrist's legal self-protection. In competence and voluntariness, psychiatric patients were excluded due to lack of decision-making ability and willingness. However, not all psychiatric patients were able to perform the given task. Therefore, informed consent is needed in the point of view regarding the decision-making ability of psychiatric patients. Psychotropic medications, particularly antipsychotics, can cause several side effects, including extrapyramidal syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, preannouncement of these patients for these side effects is needed. However, when the informed consent is only applied to psychiatric hospitals, it may increase prejudices and misconceptions about psychiatric medications and treatment. Therefore, the informed consent should first be considered carefully and thoughtfully.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Informed Consent* ; Mental Competency ; Prejudice