Purpose: Discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infants is an important predictor of successful transitions from hospital to home, however its assessments criteria require further refining in Korea. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the measures available for assessing the discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infant and to evaluate the measurement properties of each instrument. Methods: A literature search for discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infants was performed using 8 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, KoreaMED, RISS, KISS), using preferred reporting items as per the systematic reviews guidelines. For the quality evaluations of the articles, the COSMIN checklist including content validity, internal structure, and the remaining measurement properties was used. Results: Among the 23 studies selected, 8 studies were excluded due to lack of information on their instrument’s measurement properties while remaining 15 studies were evaluated for the quality of measurement attributes. Overall information on the properties of the instruments was lacking in all studies. Conclusion None of the instruments evaluated all the relevant measurement properties. The results of this review suggest that it is necessary to develop a discharge readiness instrument that considers the necessary and relevant characteristics required for successful hospital to home transition for parents of high-risk infants.

Norovirus (NV) has caused large outbreaks of gastroenteritis in schools. Studies of NV epidemiology in schools related to NV outbreaks have been frequently reported. However, reports of that in schools without outbreaks are not found. Presently, NV molecular epidemiology surveillance was carried out in asymptomatic food handlers working at nonoutbreak elementary schools in Incheon, Korea, in March, April and December, 2009. NV prevalence was examined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and the positive products were re-evaluated by conventional RT-PCR for sequencing. Fecal samples (n = 776) were collected from 776 food handlers in 60 schools. NV was detected in 26 of them (3.4%). Of these, 17 (65%) were positive for NV GII and 10 (38%) were positive for NV GI. Of the 26 samples, 19 were positive by conventional RT-PCR. Sequencing of these 19 strains revealed GII/4 (n = 5), GI/6 (n = 3), GI/14 (n = 2), GII/8 (n = 2), GI/2 (n = 2), GI/10 (n = 1), GII/1 (n = 1), GII/3 (n = 1), GII/7 (n = 1), and GII/16 (n = 1). In this survey, the food handler population unrelated to NV outbreaks was found to normally contain asymptomatic carriers of NV. The excretion of NV from asymptomatic food handlers should be an infection source of NV outbreaks.
Adult ; Caliciviridae Infections/*epidemiology/genetics ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Food Handling ; Gastroenteritis/*epidemiology/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norovirus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Republic of Korea ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Schools ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using ChatGPT in dental morphology education. Dentalmorphology is a fundamental subject in dental education that enables students to understand the structure and function of teeth, which is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has gained attention as an educational support tool, and large language models like ChatGPT hold great potential to facilitate learners’ understanding through real-time interaction. Methods: This study involved asking GPT-4 questions from the national dental hygiene exam’s dental morphology section from 2021 to 2023, followed by an analysis of its response accuracy. Results: The results showed that GPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy in some questions but lacked consistency depending on thedifficulty and content of the questions. Specifically, GPT-4 was found to struggle with understanding complex tooth morphology and detailed academic concepts. Conclusion These findings suggest that ChatGPT could be a useful educational tool in dental morphology education, althoughsupplementary educational adjustments are necessary. Future research should explore developing a learning environment where AI and educators collaborate to address AI limitations and enhance students’ learning motivation and comprehension.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using ChatGPT in dental morphology education. Dentalmorphology is a fundamental subject in dental education that enables students to understand the structure and function of teeth, which is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has gained attention as an educational support tool, and large language models like ChatGPT hold great potential to facilitate learners’ understanding through real-time interaction. Methods: This study involved asking GPT-4 questions from the national dental hygiene exam’s dental morphology section from 2021 to 2023, followed by an analysis of its response accuracy. Results: The results showed that GPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy in some questions but lacked consistency depending on thedifficulty and content of the questions. Specifically, GPT-4 was found to struggle with understanding complex tooth morphology and detailed academic concepts. Conclusion These findings suggest that ChatGPT could be a useful educational tool in dental morphology education, althoughsupplementary educational adjustments are necessary. Future research should explore developing a learning environment where AI and educators collaborate to address AI limitations and enhance students’ learning motivation and comprehension.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using ChatGPT in dental morphology education. Dentalmorphology is a fundamental subject in dental education that enables students to understand the structure and function of teeth, which is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has gained attention as an educational support tool, and large language models like ChatGPT hold great potential to facilitate learners’ understanding through real-time interaction. Methods: This study involved asking GPT-4 questions from the national dental hygiene exam’s dental morphology section from 2021 to 2023, followed by an analysis of its response accuracy. Results: The results showed that GPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy in some questions but lacked consistency depending on thedifficulty and content of the questions. Specifically, GPT-4 was found to struggle with understanding complex tooth morphology and detailed academic concepts. Conclusion These findings suggest that ChatGPT could be a useful educational tool in dental morphology education, althoughsupplementary educational adjustments are necessary. Future research should explore developing a learning environment where AI and educators collaborate to address AI limitations and enhance students’ learning motivation and comprehension.

This study was designed to identify expression of calcium-binding proteins and synaptic reorganizations of dentate mossy fibers in hippocampal sclerosis of human temporal lobe epilepsy. Hippocampal neuronal density was quantitively analyzed in temporal lobe epilepsy group (n=50) to investigate the degree of hippocampal sclerosis and it was compared with that of autopsy control (n=3). To verify the distribution of calcium-binding proteins in neurons of epileptic hippocampi, the parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactive and calbindin-D28K (CB)-immunoreactive neurons were quantitively analyzed in each area of Ammon's horn by immunohistochemical stain. Also, to clarify synaptic reorganizations of the dentate mossy fibers, a part of each hippocampus was examined under light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy using Timm sulphide silver method. In epileptic hippocampi, severity of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) was graded four, which consisted of 3 cases with no HS, 6 mild HS, 12 moderate HS, and 29 severe HS. The hippocampal neuronal loss was most prominent in CA1, followed by CA4 and CA2. Expression of calcium-binding proteins was more prevalent in CA2 of all groups. The proportion of PV-immunoreactive neurons in CA1 and CA4 significantly increased in the moderate and severe HS group, whereas the proportion of CB-immunoreactive neurons did not correlated with the severity of HS. Timm granules were noted in inner molecular supragranular layer of dentate gyrus of epileptic hippocampi and they tended to increase in proportion along with the severity of hippocampal sclerosis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that supragranular Timm granules corresponded to synaptic terminals of mossy fibers. These results suggest that parvalbumin appears to have more protective effect against neuronal loss and that mossy fiber synaptic reorganization seems to play a major role in pathogenesis of hippocampal sclerosis of human temporal lobe epilepsy.
Autopsy ; Calbindin 1 ; Calcium* ; Calcium-Binding Proteins* ; Dentate Gyrus ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ; Neurons ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Sclerosis* ; Silver ; Temporal Lobe*

A 61-year-old woman with a history of asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis was presented with purulent bloody sputum. She was treated as having lung abscess initially, but her signs and symptoms did not improve with traditional therapy. Finally, in the clinical course and laboratory data during hospitalization, she was diagnosed as ABPA with coexistent aspergilloma. Thereafter she was treated with itraconazole for aspergilloma, and corticosteroid for ABPA. The symptoms of hemoptysis and dyspnea were improved. A case of ABPA with coexistent aspergilloma and a brief review of the literature were presented.
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary* ; Asthma ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Lung Abscess ; Middle Aged ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by the deficiency of pulmonary surfactants in the newborn. We aim to determine and compare the physical and biological activities of the three surfactants currently on the market, namely Newfactan(R), Surfacten(R) and Exosurf(R). METHODS: For physical activities, we performed the stable microbubble test (SMR) and Pulsating Bubble Surfactometer (PBS). The minimum and maximum surface tensions measured at 1 and 5 minutes allowed us to create the surface-tension diagrams, from which the compressibility at a surface tension of 10 mN/m was calculated for all three products. The biological activities were compared using the pressure-volume curves measured from premature rabbit fetuses. RESULTS: For all three products, the concentration of surfactant and the number of stable microbubbles exhibited a proportional increase in relationship. For both Newfactan(R) and Surfacten(R), the minimal surface tensions were lower than 10 mN/m at 1 and 5 minutes. Hysteresis was evident at 1 and 5 minutes for both Newfactan(R) and Surfacten(R), and their surface tensions were reduced below 10 mN/m at 20% surface compression. As for Exosurf(R), all the hysteresis measurements were below expectations, and the reduction in surface tension during compression was also minimal. The compressibilities at a surface tension of 10 mN/m and measured at 1 and 5 minutes for Newfactan(R) and Surfacten(R), were less than 0.020 cm/dyne at almost concentrations. The pulmonary surface areas of the fetal rabbits were, after aeration by a maximum of 30 cmH2O, adequately maintained after decompression to 5 cmH2O in the groups treated with Newfactan(R) and Surfacten(R). However, the lung volume was not maintained upon decompression to 5 cmH2O in the groups treated with Exosurf(R). CONCLUSIONS: Newfactan(R) and Surfacten(R) were effective agents in prevention of pulmonary collapse in premature lungs.
Decompression ; Fetus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; Microbubbles ; Motor Activity ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; Rabbits ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; Surface Tension ; Surface-Active Agents

The neurofibromatoses are a rare group of hereditary diseases of autosomal dominant fashion with the overall incidence of one in 3,000~4,000 and with two distinct forms, type I (Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis) characterized by skin lesions including multiple cutaneous neurofibromas, axillary and groin freckling, and cafe-au-lait spots and type II by the presence of bilateral vestibular schwannomas. The neurofibromatosis type I is associated with the mutation of NF-I gene on chromosome 17q 11.2, which has a tumor suppressive role and with resultant development of the wide variety of tumors with the malignant incidence of about 2~16 %. Although the cases of malignant tumors in the neurofibromatosis type I have been reported in various tumors with the neural origin, lymphoma, pheochromocytoma and some cases of gastrointestinal tumors, the gastrointestinal tumors were found in only hepatobiliary system and large and small bowels and the cases of the malignant tumors of upper GI origin in duodenum and stomach have not been reported yet in Korea. We report a case of a 64-year-old man admitted with epigastric pain and diagnosed to adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell type, in 2nd portion of duodenum associated with neurofibromatosis type I.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Duodenum* ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Groin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Neuroma, Acoustic ; Pheochromocytoma ; Skin ; Stomach

No abstract available.
Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia* ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery* ; Posterior Cerebral Artery*