BACKGROUND:Animal studies showed that functional early load or immediate load on immediate implant did not affect the prognosis of implant.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of immediate loading with different forces on the binding surface of immediate implant bone ossification.
METHODS:Six adult healthy male dogs were selected. Al teeth (three premolars) between cuspid teeth of lower mandible and the first molar were pul ed out. One implant (OSSTEM GSII) was immediately implanted, total y 36 implants. The vertical immediate loading by device was used on the implants at 24 hours after implantation. Grouped by the loading force values:0, 10, 20 N on the left three implants of each dog from front to back, 30, 40, 50 N on the contralateral three implants of each dog, at a frequency of 1 Hz for 10 minutes every day. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was tested using resonance frequency measurement instrument (OSSTELL) at 0 day, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With increased load forces, serum osteocalcin expression increased, and peaked on 20 N, but decreased in 30 N group, and lowest in 50 N group. At 4 weeks after immediate implantation, the ISQ values were slightly less than pre-implantation in each group, especial y the 50 N group. At 8 weeks after immediate implantation, ISQ values were increased in each group to different degrees. The increased degree of the 20 N group was maximal. At 12 weeks, a peak value was detected in each experimental group. The implants could bind to bone tissues to different degrees. The range of implant-bone interface formation was positively associated with time. Results indicated that the smal force cannot impact implant-bone ossification, but promotes it in a manner, but large force value (≥ 20 N) wil affect the stability of the implant-bone ossification.

Objective To investigate whether there are correlation among changes of Treg/Th17 ratio with virological response and serological re?sponse in patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)?positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB)after receiving entecavir. Methods 27 patients with HBeAg?positive CHB were enrolled for the study. Peripheral blood Treg cell frequency and Th17 cell frequency,HBV DNA,alanine aminotransfer?ase levels,hepatitis B virus marker were detected before and after entecavir treatment at 4,12,24,36,and 48 weeks. Peripheral blood Treg cell frequency and Th17 cell frequency of 20 healthy volunteers were detected as well. Results Treg/Th17 ratio of patients decreased from 4 week and reached the lowest point at 12 weeks. Treg/Th17 ratio(12 weeks)of the patients who got the early virological response and HBeAg disappeared was lower than others,and the difference was statistical significant. Conclusion Treg/Th17 ratio changes in HBeAg?positive CHB patients receiv?ing entecavir antiviral treatment. Treg/Th17 ratio(12 weeks)showed significant correlation with early virological response and HBeAg disappear?ance. The changes of Treg/Th17 ratio may provide a reference of curative effect.

Abstract: Objective To explore the threshold of ALT for initiating antiviral therapy in HBV infected patients, and to provide a basis for initiating antiviral therapy in chronic HBV-infected patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study recruited 707 consecutive treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing diagnostic liver biopsy in the department of infectious diseases of the Affiliated Hospital of Yan′an University from October 2013 to August 2018. Liver biopsy specimens were obtained under ultrasound guidance using Menghini 16G disposable needles. The METAVIR scoring system, which is commonly used internationally, was used to divide the patients into the group with mild liver tissue injury and the group with significant liver tissue injury, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured separately. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of ALT for significant liver tissue injury under different demographic characteristics. Results Of 707 patients, 292 (41.30%) had significant liver tissue injury confirmed by liver biopsy (METAVIR ≥A2 and/or F2). When the ULN of ALT was set to NICE criteria (30 U/L for males, 19 U/L for females), AASLD criteria (35 U/L for males, 25 U/L for females) and EASL or APASL criteria (40 U/L for males and females), CHB patients with 30 years olds, 22 U/L for HBeAg negative and 31 U/L for HBeAg positive patients. Conclusions The threshold of ALT for initiating antiviral therapy in chronic HBV patients should be individualized, especially should be down-regulated for the females, olders and HBeAg-negative patients.

Objective To explore the effect of Shengmai Solvent on myocardial fibrosis in rat model of diabetic cardiomypathy . Methods Wistar rats of 72 were randomly divided into 6 groups, including control group , model group , prevetion group , low -dose , mid-dose and high -doses of test groups. Shengmai Solvent was administered via gavage. Prevetion group ( Shengmai Solvent , 12 mL? kg -1 ) was administered at the beginning . Low -dose ( 3 mL? kg -1 ) , mid -dose ( 6 mL ? kg -1 ) and high -dose ( 12 mL? kg -1 ) groups were administered with Shengmai Solvent at 5th week. All groups except control group were fed on high -cholestrerol diet for 4 weeks with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin ( 35 mg? kg -1 ) . One week later , blood glucose is checked , and those with two consecu-tive blood glucose ≥16.7 mmol? L-1 .The blood glucose , lipid were detected at 15 th weeks after administration .The rats were sacrificed for determination of heart wet weight . Cardiac collagen was detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with model group , the heart weight /body ratio were significantly decreased in the Shengmai groups .The level of HDL and ApoAI /ApoB were significantly increased in Shengmai groups.The level of LDL in prevetion group was decreased significantly .Conclusion These results indicate that the mechanism of Shengmai reduced the progression of DCM might be related to alteration of lipid metabolism .

Objective To investigate the relationship of iatrogenic anemia and diagnosis blood loss for patients in RICU,and the change of the anemia before and after the optimized phlebotomy.Methods A prospective study was performed including 69 patients in RICU who met the inclusion criteria during January 2011 to May 2012.The patients adopted from January 2011 to July 2011 were assigned into control group (n =37) and from August 2011 to May 2012 were assigned into observation group (n =32).The control group received the conventional phlebotomy,while the observation group received optimized blood collection method aimed at reducing the blood loss volume respectively.Results In the control group the number of patients with anemia at the 7th day was more than that of the 1st day (23 vs 6 ; x2 =16.388,P =0.000) ; there was difference in Hbd1,Hbd3,Hbd7 (P ＜ 0.05) ; the mean daily phlebotomy volume of the first three days was greater than that of the last four days (P ＝ 0.000) ; Hbc1-3 and Hbc1-7 wcre related with BLd1-3,Hbc4-7 was related with BLd4-7 (P ＜0.05) ; BLd1-3,BLd4-7,BLd1-7 were related with APACHE Ⅱ score positively (P ＜ 0.05).In observation group there was no difference in the proportion of patients with anemia between the 7th day and the 1st day (19 vs 14 ;x2 =1.564,P =0.211); Hbd1,Hbd3 and Hbd7 were no difference (P ＞0.05); the average daily blood loss volume of the first three days was greater than that of last four days (P ＜ 0.05) ; Hbc1-3,Hbc4-7,Hbc1-7 were not related with BLd1-3,BLd4-7 and BLd1-7 (P ＞ 0.05).BLd1-3,BLd4-7 and BLd1-7 were unrelated with APACHE Ⅱ scores (P ＞ 0.05).BLd1-3,BLd4-7,BLd1-7,Hbc1-3,Hbc1-7 in the control group were greater than those of the observation group (P ＜ 0.05) ; there was no difference in Hbc4-7 between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Diagnostic blood loss can cause the iatrogenic anemia of patients in RICU,and optimizing the blood collection method and enhancing blood conservation can reduce the incidence of iatrogenic anemia.

OBJECTIVETo compare the bidirectional effect of rhubarb total anthraquinone (TA) and total tannins (TT) on rats' liver.

METHODSOne hundred rats were randomly divided into 10 groups, i.e., the blank group, the model group, the blank + high dose TA group, the blank +low dose TA group, the blank + high dose TT group, the blank + low dose TT group, the model + high dose TA group, the model + low dose TA group, the model +high dose TT group, and the model + low dose TT group, 10 in each group. The carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) was used to prepare the acute liver injury rat model. TA and TT of rhubarb (at 5.40 g crude drugs/kg and 14.69 g crude drugs/kg) were intragastrically administrated to rats in all groups except the blank group and the model group, once daily for 6 successive days.The general state of rats, biochemical indices such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), laminin (LN), hyaluronic acid (HA), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), as well pathological results of rat liver tissues. Finally the protection laws of TA and TT for rats' liver were analyzed using factor analysis.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, all biochemical indices increased in the blank group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). HA also increased in the blank + high dose TA group; AST, ALT, and HA also increased in the blank +high dose TT group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, AST, ALT, ALP, HA, and TGF-beta1 significantly decreased in the model + low dose TA group, the model + high dose TA group, the model + low dose TT group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Serum AST, ALT, and ALP also decreased in the model + high dose TT group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Pathological results showed that mild swollen liver cells in the model + high dose TA group. Fatty degeneration and fragmental necrosis around the central veins occurred in the blank + high dose TA group. The pathological injury was inproved in the model +low dose TA group. Two common factors, liver fibrosis and liver cell injury, were extracted by using factor analysis. TA showed stronger improvement of the two common factors than TT.

CONCLUSIONSRhubarb TA and TT showed protective and harmful effects on rats' liver. At an equivalent dosage, TA had better liver protection than TT. High dose TT played a role in liver injury to some extent.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Tannins ; adverse effects ; pharmacology

AIMTo explore a method of the stable and persistent expression of HERG(human ether-a-go-go-related gene) channels in Xenopus oocytes, and investigate the alteration of rest membrane potential of oocytes and electrophysiological properties of expressed channel in different culture duration.

METHODSHERG mRNA for injection was prepared with in intro transcription using vector plasmid pSP64 containing HERG cDNA fragment. Expressed HERG current was recorded using standard two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique.

RESULTS(1) Functional channels, with electrophysiological properties consistent with those of HERG channels were persistently expressed in oocytes membrane with this method. Furthermore, channel current could be recorded stably in 10-15 days. (2) The negative value of rest membrane potential increased gradually in the 3, 6, and 9 days of culture, and then decreased in the 12 days. The potential of peak value of inward rectification shifted gradually to the positive direction in 3, 6 and 9 days, and recovered in 12 days. Half-maximal activation potential (V1/2) of heterological expressed current shifted gradually to the negative direction in 3, 6 and 9 days of culture and then recovered in 12 days, the tendency of change was coincident with that of membrane rest potential.

CONCLUSIONThe investigation provides a method of persistent expression of HERG channel in Xenopus oocytes and offers evidences for the difference of electrophysiological experimental data of studies of molecular site and drugs effect of HERG channel in different experimental conditions.

Animals ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Xenopus laevis

BACKGROUNDKetanserin (KT), a selective serotonin (5-HT) 2-receptor antagonist, reduces peripheral blood pressure by blocking the activation of peripheral 5-HT receptors. In this study electrophysiological method was used to investigate the effect of KT and potassium ion on Kv1.3 potassium channels and explore the role of blocker KT in the alteration of channel kinetics contributing to the potassium ion imbalances.

METHODSKv1.3 channels were expressed in xenopus oocytes, and currents were measured using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique.

RESULTSKCl made a left shift of activation and an inactivation curve of Kv1.3 current and accelerated the activation and inactivation time constant. High extracellular [K(+)] attenuated the blockade effect of KT on Kv1.3 channels. In the presence of KT and KCl the activation and inactivation time constants were not influenced significantly no matter what was administered first. KT did not significantly inhibit Kv1.3 current induced by tetraethylammonium (TEA).

CONCLUSIONSKT is a weak blocker of Kv1.3 channels at different concentrations of extracellular potassium and binds to the intracellular side of the channel pore. The inhibitor KT of ion channels is not fully effective in clinical use because of high [K(+)](o) and other electrolyte disorders.

Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Ketanserin ; pharmacology ; Kv1.3 Potassium Channel ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium ; pharmacology ; Serotonin Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Xenopus laevis

Objective To evaluate the risk of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection among preschool children who were the non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine in future. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted. Children aged 2 to 5 years were selected from 64 kindergartens.These children were inoculated three doses of hepatitis b vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months after birth. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)and Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs)were detected during the period from March to May 2015. The children who were HBsAg negative were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into exposure group (anti-HBs negative) and control group (anti-HBs positive) . The follow-up began on June 1, 2015 and ended on June 1, 2016. Serum HBsAg of children in the cohort was then collected and detected from June 1 to 30, 2016. At the end of the study, the HBsAg positive rates between two groups were compared. Results 83 children who received hepatitis B vaccine again during the follow-up period were excluded from 1 907 non-responders. The actual number in non-responders group was 1 824. 151 children were lost at the end of the study. The actual number of follow-up was 1 673 and 5 children were found to be positive for HBsAg and the infection rate was 0.30% (5/1673). In the respondent goup, 2 054 were enrolled and followed. Finally, 140 children were lost and none of the remaining 1 914 people were HBsAg positive at the end of the study. HBsAg positive rate was higher in the non-responder group than in the responder group (P=0.023). Conclusion There is a risk of HBV infection in the children who are non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine in future.

In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory action of ketanserin on wild-type (WT) and Y652 mutant human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the effects of changing the channel molecular determinants characteristics on the blockade with and without ketanserin intervention using standard two-microelectrode voltage-clamp techniques. Point mutations were introduced into HERG gene (Y652A and Y652R) and subcloned into the pSP64 plasmid expression vector. Complementary RNAs for injection into oocytes were prepared with SP6 Cap-Scribe after linearization of the expression construct with EcoR I. Clampfit 9.2 software was employed for data collection and analysis. Origin 6.0 software was used to fit the data, calculate time constants and plot histograms. The results showed that ketanserin blocked WT HERG currents in voltage- and concentration-dependent manner and showed minimal tonic blockade of HERG current evaluated by the envelope of tails test. The IC50 value was (0.38+/-0.04) micromol/L for WT HERG potassium channel. The peaks of the I-V relationship for HERG channel suggested a negative shift in the voltage-dependence of activation after using ketanserin, whose midpoint of activation values (V1/2) were (-16.59+/-1.01) mV (control) vs (-20.59+/-0.87) mV (ketanserin) at 0.1 micromol/L, (-22.39+/-0.94) mV at 1 micromol/L, (-23.51+/-0.91) mV at 10 micromol/L, respectively (P<0.05, n=6). Characteristics of blockade were consistent with an open-state channel blockade, because the extent and rate of onset of blockade was voltage-dependent, increasing at more potentials even in the condition of leftward shift of activation curve. Meanwhile, in the different depolarization duration, the fractional blockade of end-pulse step current and peak tail current at 100 ms duration was significantly lower than that at 400 ms and 700 ms, which indicated that following the channel activation fractional blockade was enhanced by the activated channels. Ketanserin could also modulate the inactivation of HERG channel, which shifted the voltage-dependence of WT HERG channel inactivation curve from (-51.71+/-2.15) mV to (-80.76+/-14.98) mV (P<0.05, n=4). The S6 mutation, Y652A and Y652R, significantly attenuated the blockade by ketanserin. The IC50 value were (27.13+/-9.40) micromol/L and (20.20+/-2.80) micromol/L, respectively, increased by approximately 72-fold for Y652A and 53-fold for Y652R compared to that of WT HERG channel blockade [(0.38+/-0.04) micromol/L]. However, between the inhibitory effects of Y652A and Y652R, there was no significant difference. In conclusion, ketanserin blocks WT HERG currents in voltage- and concentration-dependent manner and preferentially blocks open-state HERG channels. Tyr-652 is one of the critical residues in the ketanserin-binding sites.
Animals ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Ketanserin ; pharmacology ; Mutation ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Xenopus