The development of effective therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the greatest successes of clinical oncology. However, cure rates for adults with ALL remain relatively low. Adolescents are the special population between children and adults. These patients group will be received protocol from either pediatric or adult oncologists depending on referral pattern. In recent years, researchers from abroad large cooperative groups show pediatric-based protocol has better outcome than adult-based protocol. In this article, the protocol of ALL in children and adults are compared . It seems the first and probably the most important reason is the dose intensity of the nonmyelosuppressive chemotherapeutic agents, especially asparaginase.

Objective To find the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine Heshouwuyin(HSWY) in anti-aging in ovary of the aging model rats,so as to provide theoretical and experimental evidence to anti-aging in female sexual gland.Methods Thirty-six rats were divided into three groups at random: normal group,aging model group,prevent aging group.Rats the in prevent aging group were subdivided into four groups: HSWY low dosage group,HSWY medium dosage group,HSWY high dosage group and Heshouwan(HSWW) group.The sub-acutely aging model rats were induced by D-galactose,and rats in the prevent aging group were received intragastric administration of HSWY and HSWW with D-galactose intraperioneal injection.The gene expressions of p53,p19~(ARF),Rb and p16 were detected in the ovaries of each group with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and the protein expressions of Rb and p16 in the ovaries with Western blotting.Results The model group rats were in the aging status with low spirits and withered and yellowed hair.The ovaries of the rats in the model group expressed aging change.The gene expressions of p53,p19~(ARF),Rb and p16 were up-regulated and the protein expressions of Rb and p16 were increased in the ovaries of aging rats.HSWY significantly suppressed the gene expressions of p53,p19~(ARF),Rb and p16(P

Objective To explore clinical value of detection of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) ,cytokeratin 19 fragment(CY-FRA21-1) and neuron specific enolization enzyme(NSE) in pleural effusion and serum during the differential diagnosis and patho-logical classification of lung cancer .Methods 180 patients with pleural effusion were divided into two groups ,one including 55 be-nign pleural effusion cases(benign pleural effusion group) and the other including 125 lung cancer cases(lung cancer group) .CEA , NSE and CYFRA21-1 in pleural effusion and serum of two groups were measured ,respectively ,and the measure results between two groups were conducted .Results CEA ,NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels in lung cancer group were significantly higher than those in benign pleural effusion group(P<0 .05) .CEA levels in pleural effusion and serum in lung adenocarcinoma group were significantly higher than those in benign pleural effusion group ,lung squamous carcinoma group and small cell lung cancer group(P<0 .05) .CY-FRA21-1 levels in pleural effusion and serum in lung squamous carcinoma group were significantly higher than those in benign pleu-ral effusion group ,lung adenocarcinoma group and small cell lung cancer group(P<0 .01) .NSE levels in pleural effusion and serum in small cell lung cancer group were significantly higher than those in benign pleural effusion group ,lung adenocarcinoma group and lung squamous carcinoma group(P< 0 .01) .The positive detection rate of CEA in lung adenocarcinoma group was significantly higher than that in lung squamous carcinoma group and small cell lung cancer group(P<0 .05) .The positive detection rate of CY-FRA21-1 in lung squamous carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in lung adenocarcinoma group and small cell lung cancer group(P<0 .05) .The positive detection rate of NSE in small cell lung cancer group was significantly higher than that in lung squamous carcinoma group and lung adenocarcinoma group(P<0 .01) .Conclusion CEA ,CYFRA21-1 and NSE in pleural effusion and serum are specific tumor markers of lung adenocarcinoma ,lung squamous carcinoma and small cell lung cancer ,respectively , which may have a certain clinical significance for the differential diagnosis and pathological classification of lung cancer .

Objective To study and to analyse the cause of laparoscopic adrenalectomy failure and its complications. Methods 8 of 19 laparoscopic adrenalectomies were converted to open surgery .The cause of failure and its complications were analysed. Results The causes to convert to open surgery were:bleeding of right middle suprarenal vein in 1,adrenal tumor was sheltered of cauda pancreatis in 1,left adrenal cyst was sheltered by spleen in 1,CO 2 pneumoperitoneal pressure can not be maintained during the procedure in 2,tumers could not be found in 2,the telescopic port was inserted into musculus psoas major in the retroperitoneal approach and the bleeding influenced the operation field in 1.3 patients had high fever after operations and 1 had an abscess in the adrenal bed.Reactive pleuritis occurred in 1. Conclusions Fine technique and experiences were needed for laparoscopic procedures and good team work between the operators was very important.Complications were often associated with the initial cause that led to the laparacospic adrenalectomy failure.Laparoscopic adrenalectomy via the retroperitoneal approach has been easier than that via the transperitoneal approach.

Objective To study the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of implantation metastasis to abdominal incision after open operation for bladder carcinoma. Methods 10 cases of implantation metastasis to abdominal incision after open operation for bladder carcinoma encountered from 1985 to 1999 were retrospectively studied,nine being male and 1 female.The average age was 52.7 years. Results These were 6 transitional cell carcinoma (all were grade G 3),2 transitional cell carcinoma with squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma,1 squamous carcinoma,and 1 adenocarcinoma.The diameter of the metastasis lesion was 1.4～11.5 cm?1.0～6.9 cm.The treatments included total cystectomy with resection of metastasis,TURBt with resection of metastasis,urinary diversion with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, resection of metastasis with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy alone.7 of the 10 died of the carcinoma,the survival times being 4～41 months (average 13 months).Only 1 patient survived for 41 months.Whereas the others died within 14 months.3 patients are still alive for 5～9 months with no recurrence. Conclusions The differentiation of the cancer cells of implantation metastasis is usually bad and often accompanied by squamous followed by carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.Total cystectomy with resection of the metastasis followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy might prolong the survival time, but the prognosis is usually poor.

Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of Urocalun in treatment of calculus in ureter. Methods Sixty patients with calculus in the ureter were treated.The diameters of the stones were less than 1 cm.The patients were assigned to receive Urocalun orally,450 mg each time,3 times a day. Results Five weeks after Urocalun administration,the calculi were eliminated in 45 cases (75%).The calculi descended in 10 cases (17%).The positions of calculi remained unchanged in the rest 5 cases (8%).Four patients (7%) had mild uncomfortableness in stomach,nausea or thirsty after Urocalun administration. Conclusions Urocalun is effective for eliminating the calculus in ureters.

Ten compounds, including five steroidal saponins and five flavonol glycosides, were isolated from the whole plant of Solanum coagulans by means of column chromatographies over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Based on analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data, their structures were established as anguiviosides XV (1), smilaxchinoside A (2), methylprotodioscin (3), protodioscin (4), solamargine (5), 3', 4', 5-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), brainoside B (7), camsibriside A (8), kampferol 3-O-(2"-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), and quercetin-3-O-(2"-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). All the compounds were first isolated from this plant. In the in vitro assays, compounds 4 and 5 showed cytotoxic activity against SMCC-7721 and NCI-H460.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Solanum ; chemistry

Objective To observe the application effect of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in the emergency coronary intervention.Methods 76 cases patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock were selected in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University.41 cases in the observation group used IABP,35 cases in the control group did not use the IABP.The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),ejection fraction improvement rate (postoperative EF/pre-operative EF),and the incidence of postoperative complications of IABP were compared between two groups.Results LVEF changes,the rate of improvement in ejection fraction,systolic and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant; after six months,LVEF changes and the number of cases of death in patients were also statistically different between two groups.Conclusions For the patients with AMI and hemodynamic disorders undergoing PCI,timely IABP can effectively improve the patients’ left ventricular ejection fraction,improve the patients’ blood pressure levels and reduce mortality rate of patients.

Ginsenosides (GS)as the main ingredient of ginseng,include dozens of monomer,such as Rg3,Rh2,Rd,Rh1 ,Rg2,etc.GS and various monomers have different anti-hepatoma mechanisms.The main mechanism includes the following aspects,inducing the apoptosis of liver cancer cells,inhibiting the prolifera-tion,invasion and metastasis,reversing the multidrug resistance of liver cancer cells,increasing therapeutic effects by combining with other treatments,improving the immune function of organism and inhibiting hepatic glu-cose production.Different GS monomers play different roles of anti-hepatoma through their respective channels.

Tumor recurrence and drug resistance impact patients'therapeutic effect and prognosis seriously.In recent years,it has been found that epigenetic changes are involved in drug resistance.DNA methylation is one of the ways of epigenetic.DNA methylation of drug metabolism enzyme gene can affect gene's expression,leading to drug resistance.Methotrexate(MTX),a folic acid antagonist,is the most widely used drug in the treatment of malignant tumors,such as leukemia,osteosarcoma,head and neck cancer,and so on.Reduced folate carrier(RFC) is the main transporter cartier of MTX,and gene methylation is related to tumor cells'resistance to MTX.This paper reviews the role of RFC,relation of RFC methylation and methotrexate resistance and the factors of RFC methylation.