AIM: To explore the effect of Bu Shen Yang Xue Ming Mu (BSYXMM) Formula on hydroquinone-induced oxidative stress injury in ARPE-19 cells.METHODS: The oxidative injury model of ARPE-19 cell was induced by exposure to various concentrations of hydroquinone (HQ) to determine the optimal concentration.Intestinal absorption solutions of BSYXMM Formula were prepared.Effect of intestinal absorption solutions of BSYXMM Formula on the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,and the percentage of apoptotic cells was measured by TUNEL assay.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in ARPE-19 cells were detected by means of chemical colorimetry.RESULTS: It was found that ARPE-19 cell viability significantly decreased when the concentration of HQ was higher than 90μmol/L.Compared with the model group,1% and 2% intestinal absorption solutions in the pre-treatment group could significantly alleviate HQ-induced injury (P<0.01) and 0.5% and 5% intestinal absorption solutions in the pre-treatment group could alleviate the injury in certain degree(P<0.05).While in the treatment group 1% and 2% intestinal absorption solutions could alleviate the injury to some extent (P<0.05).TUNEL results showed that the apoptosis rate decreased significantly in the pre-treatment group (P<0.01)and to some extent in the treatment group (P<0.05)compared with the model group.It was shown that both levels of SOD and GSH-Px in pre-treatment group and treatment group were markedly higher than that of model group(P<0.05),and pre-treatment group had more significant effect (P<0.01,P<0.05).CONCLUSION: BSYXMM Formula could protect against HQ-induced oxidative stress injury in ARPE-19 cells,which may be related with the increasing of antioxidant enzyme in the cells.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of XRCC2 gene,a DNA double-strand break repair(DDSBR)gene,and the susceptibility to lung cancer in population of North China.Methods By PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism(RLFP)technique(PCR-RLFP),a case-control study was performed among 300 patients with lung carcinoma and 300 healthy controls to detect XRCC2(C41657T)polymorphism.Results There was no significant difference in XRCC2(C41657T)allele frequencies between lung cancer patients and healthy controls(P=0.16).The C/C,C/T and T/T genotype frequencies were 72.7%,24.0% and 3.3% in lung cancer patients,and 76.3%,22.0% and 1.7% in healthy controls,respectively.There was no significant difference in C/C and C/T genotype frequencies between cancer patients and healthy controls(?2=0.48,P=0.48).However,the C/T genotype frequency in non-smoke group was significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy controls(?2=6.67,P=0.01).The risk for lung cancer in non-smokers was 2.11 times higher in C/T genotype carriers than that in C/C genotype carriers.There was no significant difference in C/C and C/T genotype frequency between lung cancer patients and healthy controls in the smoke group(P=0.16).Conclusion Overall,there was no significant correlation between genetic polymorphism of XRCC2(C41657T)and the susceptibility to lung cancer.But the C/T genotype might increase the risk of suffering from lung cancer in no-smoking populations of Northern China.

Objective To study the expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the influence of prolactin (PRL) upon it. Methods The level of serum PRL in quiescent condition was examined by electrochemiluminescence-meter in 30 patients with SLE and 20 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated from all the subjects by gradient centrifugation density, and cultured with or without the presence of recombinant human PRL (rhPRL) for 24 hours. The expression of IRF-1 gene in cultured PBMC was detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) with gel image scanning. Results The relative value of IRF-1 gene expression was significantly higher in SLE patients than in normal controls (0.89±0.21 vs 0.78±0.18, P=0.026), and in SLE patients with high PRL than in those with normal PRL (1.06±0.26 vs 0.82±0.21, P=0.005). However, there was no significant difference between SLE patients with normal PRL and healthy controls in regard to the expression of IRF-1 gene (P=0.514). The stimulation with rhRPL significantly elevated the relative expression of IRF-1 gene in SLE patients with normal PRL (0.99±0.22 vs 0.82±0.21, P=0.036), but had no obvious effect on that in the normal controls. Conclusion The study reveals a high expression of IRF-1 gene in SLE patients, which may be related to the high level of PRL.

Objective To observe the effect of Yiqi Huayu Recipe on the expression of protein kinase C (PKC) and CyclinE in rats with gastric precancerous lesions (GPL). Methods The model of GPL was established mainly through N-methyl-N-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) together with other factors including alcohol stimulation and undue hunger and overeating. The survived rats after modeling were randomly divided into spontaneous recovery, and high-, moderate- and low-dose Yiqi Huayu group. After the corresponding treatment, the expression of PKC and CyclinE were detected by immunohistochemical method in each group. Results The expression of PKC and CyclinE in trement group were distinctly lower than those in spontaneous recovery group (P

Objective To compare the safety and feasibility of two-incision modified and traditional Nuss procedures for children with pectus excavatum.Methods From October 2005 to October 2007,totally 208 cases of pectus excavatum received Nuss surgeries,including three-incision traditional Nuss in 103 cases and two-incision modified Nuss in 105 cases,in our hospital. The perioperative records,complications and the surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared.Results The procedures were completed in all of the 208 patients.The rate of good outcomes in the two groups were similar (94.3% vs.88.3%,x~2=2.318,P= 0.128).Whereas,the operation time and hospital stay of the modified group was significantly shorter than those in the traditional group [(39.2?7.4) min and (6.3?0.7) d vs (45.4?9.2) min and (7.2?0.9) d;t=5.361,P=0.000 and t=8.059,P=0.000]. Furthermore,the modified group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss (median,2.8 ml) than the other group (x~2=5.158, P=0.000).No significant difference was found in the rage of postoperative complications between the two groups (Traditional group: pneumothorax in 1,haemothorax in 1,pericardial perforation in 1,and injuries to the diaphragm or liver in 2;Modified group: pneumothorax in 4,and pericardial perforation in 1;x~2=0.001,P=0.975).The patients were followed up for 3 to 30 months, during which none of them had recurrence or long-term complications.Conclusions Two-incision modified Nuss procedure is not only less traumatic,but also results in shorter operation time and hospital stay,and less blood loss,than the traditional procedure.In addition,as the contralatcral structures are visible during the operation,the modified method is more simple and safer.

BACKGROUND:The levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are increased during infectious brain edema, and are positively relevant to the degree of brain damage. However, whether TNF-α can enhance blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability remains unclear, especially in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To understand the changes and possible mechanism of the BBB permeability induced by TNF-α in vitro.DESIGN: Randomized controlled cell model study in vitro.SETTING:Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Biochemistry, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University.MATERIALS: Twenty 7-day-old healthy Sprague-Dawley rats, of clean grade and either gender, were provided by the Animal Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. TNF-α was purchased from sigma Company; DMEM fluid medium and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Hyclone Company; Y-27632 was purchased from Alexis Company,and rabbit anti-human factor Ⅷ -related antigen was purchased from Zymed Company; Mouse anti-rat glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was purchased from Neomarkers. Other biochemical reagents were imported (Sigma Company).METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between March 2004 and April 2005. Brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes were co-cultured 10 days to set up rat models of BBB in vitro. Then, the cells were divided into 4 groups: model group(BBB models were prepared), TNF-α group ( BBB model incubated with 0.01 g/L TNF-α for 5 hours), Y-27632 pretreated group ( BBB model incubated with 30 μmol/L Y-27632 for 1 hour before 0.01g/L TNF-α challenge ) and Y-27632 control group (BBB models only incubated with Y-27632 as those in the Y-27632 pretreated group). The effect of TNF-α on BBB permeability was observed by detecting the 125 I -BSA, which passed through the inserts at each time point (30,60,120 and 240 minutes) using .γradioimmunoassay counter.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The 125 I -BSA, which passed through the inserts in rat models of BBB at different time points after intervention.RESULTS: The 125 I -BSA, which passed through the inserts in rat models of BBB, was all significantly higher in the TNF-α group than in the other groups at 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after intervention, respectively (P ＜ 0.01), and reached the peak at 240 minutes; The 125 I -BSA, which passed through the inserts, was lower in the Y-27632 pre-treated group than in the TNF-α group at 30 and 60 minutes after intervention (P＜ 0.01). There was also significant difference in 125 I -BSA permeation between Y-27632 pretreated group and Y-27632 control group after 120 minutes (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: TNF-α can increase BBB permeability, and Y-27632 pretreatment can early reverse the effect of TNF-α on BBB permeability.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of melformin sustained release tablets in treatment of patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. Methods 78 cases with abnormal glucose tolerances were selected and divided into two groups. Patients in treatment group took melformin sustained release tablets, while patients in control group took normal therapy. The impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and body mass index (BMI) were observed and compared. Results The blood glucose level of OGTT 2 h in treatment group was (7.61±1.04)mmol/L, while it was only (9.96±1.08) mmol/L in control group. The BMI of treatment group was 23.71±3.41, while it was 29.53±3.72 in control group. The glycosylated hemoglobin was (5.79±0.41)%, while it was (6.23±0.52)%in control group. The fasting blood glucose in treatment group was (5.34±0.39)mmol/L and in control group was (8.16±0.48)mmol/L. The differences of those indicators between two groups were signiifcant. Conclusion Melformin gains excellent clinical effects in treating patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. It can adjust blood glucose, improve glucose tolerance, and decrease blood glucose level of OGTT 2 h and BMI effectively.

Retinal vessel is the only visible vessels in human body and systemic microvascular lesions could be evaluated by the degree of retinal vessels. ln this article, the progress of retinal vascular caliber measuring method and its influencing factors were briefly reviewed.

The violence behavior is a kind of aggressive behaviors or attempt to hurt another person psychologically,physically or in other forms.Recently,violent incidents occur more and more frequently,and especially among teenagers.A number of concerns on violence continue to rise,and interpersonal violence is the most concerned type.Perpetrators are violence implementers who determine the occurrence and outcome of violence.Many studies provided the risk factors of interpersonal violence,that expounds the influence of personal level,interpersonal relationship,community background and social factors of interpersonal violence.The establishment of the socioecological risk-factor structural model which focuses on the perpetrators' indi vidual,is of great significance for the effective intervention for interpersonal violence.

Background The main cause of filtering surgery failure is over proliferation of fibroblasts in filtering channels,leading to excessive fibrosis and scar formation.Researches determined that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in fibroblast phenotype transition. Objective The present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of p38 MAPK inhibitor on myofibroblasts transdifferentiation and the extracellular matrix synthesis after filtration surgery in rabbit eyes. Methods Trabeculectomy was performed on 24 eyes of 12 clean New Zealand white rabbits to establish the filtering operative models.The models were randomized into model group,SB203580 group and mitomycin C ( MMC ) group.1 ml SB203580 ( 0.2 g/L) was conjunctively injected at the end of operation in the rabbits of the SB203580 group,and the cotton piece with 0.2 g/L MMC solution was placed on the operative area for 3 minutes intraoperatively in the rabbits of the MMC group.The bleb appearances were examined under the slit lamp microscope,and intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured with Icare tonometer I,3,7,10,14 days after operation.0.2 ml aqueous humor was extracted and the conjunctive tissue at the filtering area was obtained 14 days after operation for the detection of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin protein by ELISA.Expression of ACTA2 mRNA,connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) mRNA and alpha2 chain of type Ⅰ collagen( COL1A2 )mRNA in conjunctive tissue was assayed with fluorescence real-time PCR. Results Vascularization of fibrosis of filtering bleb were obvious in the eyes of the model group,and the bleb was flat and diffuse in the eyes of the SB203580 group and MMC group on 14 days following operation.No significant difference was seen in IOP before trabeculectomy among these three groups( F=0.065,P=0.937 ).IOP was gradually elevated with the increase of time after operation ( F =32.873,P =0.030 ).ELISA assay showed that α-SMA level in conjunctiva was lower in the SB203580 group and MMC group compared with the model group,and that of MMC group was significant lower than the SB203580 group( P＜0.05 ).Fibronectin level in conjunctiva was lower in the SB203580 group and MMC group compared with the model group,and that of MMC group was significant lower than the SB203580 group (P＜0.05).Fluorescence real-time PCR showed that expressions of the ACTA2 mRNA,CTGF mRNA and COL1A2 mRNA were significantly different among the three groups( P＜0.01 ),with the highest expression in model group and the lowest expression in the MMC group ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Fibrotic reaction after trabeculectomy can be suppressed by inhibiting p38 MAPK signal pathway.The mechanism of SB203580 is to reduce the synthesis of myofibroblasts transdiffercntiation and extracellular matrix.