PURPOSE: Proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hippocampal dentate granule cells have been reported to be influenced by epileptic seizures in rodent epilepsy models. However, most studies have been done in adult rat models. This study was designed to investigate hippocampal dentate granule cell neurogenesis after pilocarpine-induced seizures in young mice. METHODS: Fifteen male ICR mice at postnatal day 21 were divided into pilocarpine-treated (n=7) and control (n=8) groups. Seizures were chemically induced by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine (300 mg/kg). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg) was subsequently administered once a day for 6 consecutive days, starting at 24 hours after pilocarpine or saline treatment. We then examined BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus by immunohistochemistry and by double-labeled immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy. RESULTS: After pilocarpine administration, every seizure behavior was grade 3 or more. Quantitative analysis revealed that BrdU-positive cells were significantly increased in the pilocarpine-treated group compared to control (230.5+/-59.5 vs. 148.6+/-40.0, P<0.001). The majority of these mitotic cells were differentiated into neurons. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that mitotic activity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was enhanced after pilocarpine-induced seizures in young mice, and the majority of BrdU-positive cells showed the phenotypic differentiation to neuronal cells.
Adult ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Dentate Gyrus ; Epilepsy ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Pilocarpine ; Rats ; Rodentia ; Seizures

PURPOSE: International Prognostic Index Model (IPIM) in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was published and accepted generally as a better predictive model for prognosis. This study was undertaken to identify prognostic factors of aggressive non- Hodgkin's lymphoma and usefulness of IPIM in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Previously untreated, pathologically proven 226 aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who were treated with CHOP or COP-BLAM V between 1986 and 1995 in Seoul National University Hospital were evaluated for clinical features predictive of overall survival. RESULTS: Complete response (CR) was reached in 76% of all patients. With a median follow-up of 62 months, 5-year disease free survival of complete reponders was 67% and 5-year overall survival of all patients was 54%. In a univriate analysis, age, ECOG performance status, Ann Arbor stage, histologic subtype, bone marrow involvement, bulkiness, serum LDH level and number of extranodal involvement were significant prognostic factors for CR and survival (p<0.05). Of these, by multivariate analysis, age(RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2~0.9) alone was a independent prognostic factor for CR. For disease free survival, no independent prognostic factor was found. For overall survival, Ann Arbor stage (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1~2.8), age (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1~2.6), Histologic subtype (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1~2.8), serum LDH level (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1~2.6) and bone marrow involvement (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0~3.1) were independent prognostic factors. According to risk group of IPIM, 5-year overall survival rate was 72% in low risk group, 46% in low intermediate risk group, 32% in high intermediate risk group, respectively, and median survival of high risk group was 12 months (RR 1, 2.3, 4.3, 6.4 respectively). CONCLUSION: IPIM is a useful model for identifying poor prognostic groups in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Bone Marrow ; Disease-Free Survival ; Factor Analysis, Statistical* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) are associated with a decreased incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). The aim of this study was to compare the protective effect of ACEI versus ARBs on NODM in an Asian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated a total of 2817 patients who did not have diabetes mellitus from January 2004 to September 2009. To adjust for potential confounders, a propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. The primary end-point was the cumulative incidence of NODM, which was defined as having a fasting blood glucose > or =126 mg/dL or HbA1c > or =6.5%. Multivariable cox-regression analysis was performed to determine the impact of ACEI versus ARB on the incidence of NODM. RESULTS: Mean follow-up duration was 1839+/-1019 days in all groups before baseline adjustment and 1864+/-1034 days in the PSM group. After PSM (C-statistics=0.731), a total 1024 patients (ACEI group, n=512 and ARB group, n=512) were enrolled for analysis and baseline characteristics were well balanced. After PSM, the cumulative incidence of NODM at 3 years was lower in the ACEI group than the ARB group (2.1% vs. 5.0%, p=0.012). In multivariate analysis, ACEI vs. ARB was an independent predictor of the lower incidence for NODM (odd ratio 0.37, confidence interval 0.17-0.79, p=0.010). CONCLUSION: In the present study, compared with ARB, chronic ACEI administration appeared to be associated with a lower incidence of NODM in a series of Asian cardiovascular patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/*therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus/*diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Monitoring/methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension/*drug therapy ; Incidence ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Propensity Score ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors