PURPOSE: This study evaluated amounts of physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in older adults using an accelerometer and physical activity diary. METHODS: Forty-nine older adults (male 26, female 23) participated in this study. They wore a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) for one week and wrote a physical activity diary concurrently for three days. Amounts of physical activity, sedentary behavior patterns, and percentage of meeting the World health organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines were analyzed using an accelerometer. In addition, the contents recorded in the physical activity diary were reclassified to 18 levels and the average daily times spent on each level and physical activity level (PAL) were calculated. RESULTS: The subjects were sitting more than half of the day except for bedtime and shower time (59.2%). The numbers of prolonged ≥30, 40 minutes sedentary bouts were significantly higher in males (3.10 ±1.34, 1.78 ±1.09, respectively) than in females (2.34 ±1.22, 1.32 ±1.07, respectively) and the number of breaks per sedentary hour was significantly less in males (5.74 ±0.89) than in females (6.44 ±0.71). Among the activities corresponding to sedentary behavior surveyed by the physical activity diary, only the amount of time spent ‘resting, speaking and watching TV’ showed a significant correlation with the sedentary behavior pattern measured by the accelerometer. The persistence of sedentary behavior was interrupted primarily when low intensity activity was performed. Only 22.4% of the subjects met WHO physical activity guidelines. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, the physical activity guidelines for older adults should be developed that reflects the appropriate strength, including low activity level and maintenance time of moderate to vigorous physical activity.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; World Health Organization

Since the economic crisis in 1997, the number of low income families has increased and the turmoil is likely to affect nutritional and health status of the children in low-income families. The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary behaviors and physical development of low income family children in the Seoul area. The subjects were 44 boys and 56 girls, between the ages of 7 and 12 years, from the beneficiary families of the governmental assistant program and enrolled in after school-care centers. A self-reported questionnaire, including general characteristics and dietary behaviors, was applied to the children and their parents. Skipping meal rate was higher in breakfast than in lunch or dinner, and was less frequent in parents and children families compared to that of the other types of families (p<0.05). Most students are shown that they usually keep the dietary guideline for Korean children. There were significant differences in keeping the dietary guidelines between the parents and children family group and other groups in several items. The results imply that the nutrition education program should be more focused on the families which are not composed of parents and children.
Breakfast ; Child* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Nutrition Policy ; Parents ; Seoul*

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for estimating the energy requirements of older adults, and to develop and validate new equations for predicting the energy requirements of this population group. MATERIALS/METHODS: The study subjects were 25 men and 23 women with a mean age of 72.2 ± 3.9 years and 70.0 ± 3.3 years, and mean BMI of 24.0 ± 2.1 and 23.9 ± 2.7, respectively. The total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, and used to validate the DRI predictive equations for estimated energy requirements (EER) and to develop new EER predictive equations. These developed equations were cross-validated by using the leave-one-out technique. RESULTS: In men, the DRI equation had a −7.2% bias and accurately predicted the EER (meaning EER values within ±10% of the measured TEE) for 64% of the subjects, whereas our developed equation had a bias of −0.1% and an accuracy rate of 84%. In women, the bias was −6.6% for the DRI equation and 0.2% for our developed equation, and the accuracy rate was 74% and 83%, respectively. The predicted EER was strongly correlated with the measured TEE, for both the DRI equations and our developed equations (Pearson's r = 0.915 and 0.908, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The DRI equations provided an acceptable prediction of EER in older adults and these study results therefore support the use of these equations in this population group. Our developed equations had a better predictive accuracy than the DRI equations, but more studies need to be performed to assess the performance of these new equations when applied to an independent sample of older adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Nutritional Requirements ; Population Groups ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Water

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the accuracy of the 24-hour diet recall method for estimating the energy intake of elderly men using the doubly labeled water as a reference method. METHODS: Seventeen subjects (mean age 72.5 ± 3.9 years), who maintained the same body weight during the two weeks study period, were included in this study. Three 24-hour diet recalls (two weekdays and one weekend) were obtained over a 14 day period to estimate the mean energy intake. The total energy expenditure was measured over the same 14 days using the doubly labeled water method. The total energy intake and total energy expenditure were compared by paired t-test. RESULTS: The total energy intake from the 24-hour diet recalls method was 2536.7 ± 350.6 kcal/day, and the total energy expenditure from the doubly labeled water method was 2659.8 ± 306.8 kcal/day. The total energy intake was slightly under-reported by −123.2 ± 260.8 kcal/day (−4.4%). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the total energy intake and total energy expenditure of the subjects (p=0.069). The percentage of accurate predictions was 64.7%. The correlation between the total energy intake and total energy expenditure was statistically significant (r=0.697, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the use of the 24-hour diet recall method to estimate the mean energy intake in elderly men group. More studies are needed to assess the validity of 24-hour diet recall method in other population groups, including elderly women, adults and children.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Weight ; Child ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Population Groups ; Water

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the accuracy of the 24-hour diet recall method for estimating the energy intake of elderly men using the doubly labeled water as a reference method. METHODS: Seventeen subjects (mean age 72.5 ± 3.9 years), who maintained the same body weight during the two weeks study period, were included in this study. Three 24-hour diet recalls (two weekdays and one weekend) were obtained over a 14 day period to estimate the mean energy intake. The total energy expenditure was measured over the same 14 days using the doubly labeled water method. The total energy intake and total energy expenditure were compared by paired t-test. RESULTS: The total energy intake from the 24-hour diet recalls method was 2536.7 ± 350.6 kcal/day, and the total energy expenditure from the doubly labeled water method was 2659.8 ± 306.8 kcal/day. The total energy intake was slightly under-reported by −123.2 ± 260.8 kcal/day (−4.4%). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the total energy intake and total energy expenditure of the subjects (p=0.069). The percentage of accurate predictions was 64.7%. The correlation between the total energy intake and total energy expenditure was statistically significant (r=0.697, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the use of the 24-hour diet recall method to estimate the mean energy intake in elderly men group. More studies are needed to assess the validity of 24-hour diet recall method in other population groups, including elderly women, adults and children.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Weight ; Child ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Population Groups ; Water

Gouty arthritis is a common crystal arthropathy, but gout tophus in the bipartite patella is a rare condition. This report presented a traumatic separation of bipartite patellar fragment caused by mild trauma in a patient with comorbid gout. When a patient with bipartite patella and underlying gouty arthritis complains of pain after trauma, clinical suspicion is needed about fragment separation of the bipartite patella.

With the progress of computed tomography (CT), the detection of small pulmonary nodules has been increased. The conventional diagnostic modalities for tissue confirmation, such as bronchoscopic biopsy or transthoracic needle biopsy, may not be successful in some cases. Too small a nodule or the nodules located far from the pleural surface can be marked and localized with device preoperatively and then this tissue can be obtained surgically. CT-guided hook wire fixation is useful in marking pulmonary nodules and there are few complications with this procedure. We report here on a case of double primary lung cancer that was diagnosed by percutaneous localization with using a hook wire
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic alterations in certain genes are now known as at least important as genetic mutation in pathogenesis of cancer. Especially abnormal hypermethylation in or near promoter region of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are known to result in gene silencing and loss of gene function eventually. The authors tried to search for new lung cancer-specific TSGs which have CpG islands and HpaII sites, and are thought to be involved in carcinogenesis by epigenetic mechanism. METHODS: Tumor tissue and corresponding adjacent normal tissue were obtained from 10 patients who diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underwent surgery in Konyang university hospital in 2005. Methylation profiles of promoter region of 21 genes in tumor tissue & non-tumor tissue were examined with HpaII-MspI methylation microarray (Methyl-Scan DNA chip(R), Genomic tree, Inc, South Korea). The rates of hypermethylation were compared in tumor and non-tumor group, and as a normal control, we obtained lung tissue from two young patients with pneumothorax during bullectomies, methylation profiles were examined in the same way. RESULTS: Among the 21 genes, 10 genes were commonly methylated in tumor, non-tumor, and control group. The 6 genes of APC, AR, RAR-b, HTR1B, EPHA3, and CFTR, among the rest of 11 genes were not methylated in control, and more frequently hypermethylated in tumor tissue than non-tumor tissue. CONCLUSION: In the present study, HTR1B, EPHA3, and CFTR are suggested as possible novel TSGs of NSCLC by epigenetic mechanism.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; CpG Islands ; DNA ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenomics ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lung ; Methylation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pneumothorax ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To survey the utilization status of public health and medical rehabilitation services by the persons with disabilities in community. METHOD: The subjects were 118 patients who were admitted to National Rehabilitation Center from January 1998 to December 2001 and agreed with home-visit. The subjects were assessed of disability level with functional scales, utilization rate of public health and medical rehabilitation services, utilization facilities, and service contents. RESULTS: The subjects included 78 pesons with stroke, 20 persons with spinal cord injury, 9 pesons with traumatic brain injury, and 11 persons with other diseases. Only 28.0% of the low-functional group used public health and medical rehabilitation services, showing a low utilization rate than the high-functional group (43.2%). 17 out of 24 persons who used rehabilitation clinics were in the low-functional group and 9 out of 13 persons who used welfare agency were in the high-functional group (p=0.012). In two groups, most frequent utilization out of the service contents was the exercise therapy. CONCLUSION: The utilization rate of public health and medical rehabilitation services in communities was 32.8%. It is necessary to supply the persons with disabilities in community with the rehabilitation service for the continuum of rehabilitation.
Brain Injuries ; Disabled Persons* ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Public Health* ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation* ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stroke ; Weights and Measures

The records of 63 high-risk neuroblastoma patients with bone marrow (BM) tumors at diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received nine cycles of induction chemotherapy followed by tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/auto-SCT). Follow-up BM examination was performed every three cycles during induction chemotherapy and every three months for one year after the second HDCT/auto-SCT. BM tumor cells persisted in 48.4%, 37.7%, 23.3%, and 20.4% of patients after three, six, and nine cycles of induction chemotherapy and three months after the second HDCT/auto-SCT, respectively. There was no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) rate between patients with persistent BM tumor and those without during the induction treatment. However, after tandem HDCT/auto-SCT, the PFS rate was worse in patients with persistent BM tumor than in those without (probability of 5-yr PFS 14.7% +/- 13.4% vs. 64.2% +/- 8.3%, P = 0.009). Persistent BM tumor during induction treatment is not associated with a worse prognosis when intensive tandem HDCT/auto-SCT is given as consolidation treatment. However, persistent BM tumor after tandem HDCT/auto-SCT is associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, further treatment might be needed in patients with persistent BM tumor after tandem HDCT/auto-SCT.
Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms/pathology/*secondary/*therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy/methods ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/*therapy ; Neuroblastoma/*pathology/*therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stem Cell Transplantation/*methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult