No abstract available.
Neuroma*

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the pediatric sedation knowledge and performance of nurses in tertiary hospitals. Methods: Altogether 120 nurses working in the Pediatric Departments of 4 tertiary hospitals in Busan and Kyungnam participated in this descriptive survey. The questionnaire was developed based on domestic and international guidelines and consisted of 40 questions including 18 questions on knowledge and 22 on the performance level of sedation nursing. Results: The mean score regarding the knowledge of pediatric sedation care was 3.14 points and the mean performance level score was 3.44 points. Questions that received low scores in terms of pediatric sedation care knowledge included items regarding the latest policies, level of sedation, and fasting before sedation. Questions that received low scores in the performance level included items regarding psychological preparation before sedation, sedation education considering developmental level and disease, and items related to blood pressure measurement. Pediatric sedation knowledge scores were higher in the groups with higher age, longer clinical experience, higher educational experience, and awareness of sedation guidelines. Performance scores were significantly higher in the groups having educational experience in pediatric sedation and in those exhibiting awareness of sedation guidelines. Conclusion Sedation education was significantly associated with both knowledge and performance of sedation nursing, conducting educational programs on pediatric sedation nursing.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of case-based learning (CBL) on learning motivation and learning satisfaction of nursing students in a human physiology course. METHODS: The development and application of CBL scenarios was conducted from February to June, 2013. Nursing students (n=142) who registered for a human physiology course were assigned into either a control or CLB group. The control group received traditional lectures for 14 weeks. The CBL group received the same 14-week lectures and an additional 5 CBL sessions. The learning motivation and satisfaction were measured by questionnaires at the beginning and the end of the semester. Seven students in the CBL group were randomly selected for a focus-group interview. Quantitative data were analyzed by chi2-test and t-test, and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. RESULTS: The learning motivation and learning satisfaction were not significantly different between the two groups. However, 59% of the CBL group answered with a positive impression on the CBL approach as it helped them to feel a sense of achievement, excitement, to form their identity as nursing students, and so on. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the CBL could be a challenging but useful learning method in a physiology course for nursing students. Further studies with guidance, such as instructors' questions and feedback design are needed to utilize CBL more effectively.
Humans ; Humans* ; Learning* ; Lectures ; Motivation* ; Nursing* ; Physiology* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: To compare the anterior segment parameters including precorneal tear film thickness (PTFT) using Pentacam(R) (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) between normal control and dry eye groups and to examine the relationships between the PTFT and other parameters for dry eye. METHODS: The present study included 23 normal controls (31 eyes) and 25 patients with dry eyes (31 eyes). We compared measurements including PTFT, corneal thickness and astigmatism using Pentacam(R) and analyzed the correlations among the PTFT and fluorescein tear break-up time (FBUT), Schirmer I test (without anesthesia), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI). RESULTS: The mean PTFT in dry eyes (21.1 +/- 2.0 microm) was significantly thinner than in normal eyes (37.6 +/- 2.0 microm; p < 0.01). In the dry eye group, the corneal thickness was thicker than in the normal eye group but there were no clinically significant differences. The dry eye group experienced more frequent and severe corneal astigmatism compared with the normal group. OSDI scores showed a weak negative correlation with objective clinical measures of dry eye (FBUT, Schirmer I test) but was not statistically significant. However, OSDI was statistically significantly negatively correlated with PTFT (r = -0.46, p < 0.01). The PTFT showed a weak positive correlation with FBUT and Schirmer I test without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The mean PTFT using Pentacam(R) in the dry eye group was thinner than in the normal group. Additionally, the PTFT was correlated with subjective symptoms. Therefore, the PTFT measurement using Pentacam(R) could be considered a useful method for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye.
Astigmatism ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Tears*

PURPOSE: This qualitative study aimed to describe the common themes of the expectations of childbirth on primigravida whose fetus are diagnosed with congenital heart disease. METHODS: A phenomenological method was used in this study. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews with six participants during 2016~2017. Colaizzi's phenomenology was adopted for this qualitative study as a research method. RESULTS: Four categories were derived from the data as following: ‘Acknowledge of life and waiting for the baby’, ‘Overcoming guilt and becoming stable’, ‘Strengthening for my baby‘, ‘Trust toward medical staffs’. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can guide nurses and health care workers to understand the expectation of childbirth on primigravida whose fetus are diagnosed with congenital heart disease and to implement individualized nursing interventions suited for them.
Delivery of Health Care ; Fetus ; Guilt ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Methods ; Nursing ; Parturition ; Qualitative Research

Due to the extremely indolent behavior, a subset of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas has been classified as “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP)” since 2016 and is no longer considered carcinoma. Since the introduction of this new terminology, changes and refinements have been made in diagnostic criteria. Initially, the incidence of NIFTP was estimated substantial. However, the reported incidence of NIFTP varies greatly among studies and regions, with higher incidence in North American and European countries than in Asian countries. Thus, the changes in the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) differ inevitably among regions. Because more conservative surgery is recommended for NIFTPs, distinguishing NIFTPs from papillary thyroid carcinomas in preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology became one of the major concerns. This review will provide comprehensive overview of updates on diagnostic criteria, actual incidence and preoperative cytologic diagnoses of NIFTP, and its impact on the ROM in TBSRTC.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the comparison with the different methods of acupressure treatment in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This study was a single group pretest-posttest design. Thirty patients age 30- 65 scheduled for chemotherapy were included. The data were collected through self- reported questionnaires on nausea, vomiting, and anorexia and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed ranked test. Results: The relieving effect of nausea and vomiting (Z=-2.54, p=.011) was significant in P6 acupressure by wrist bands. Conclusion Patients undergoing chemotherapy have relieving effects on nausea and vomiting after P6 acupressure by wrist band. This study demonstrates the stimulation of the P6 acupressure by wrist band for reducing nausea and vomiting for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to make empirical evidence for a community based case management program for the first episode of psychosis. METHODS: We provided a case management program for first episode psychosis patients and assessed their symptoms, function, insight, and satisfaction using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Health of Nation Outcomes Scales (HoNOS), Scale to assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), Global Assessment of Functioning Scales (GAF), and Quality of Life scales (QOL) at baseline and after the program. We also evaluated the treatment maintenance rate and the changes of their developmental task achievement. RESULTS: Significant improvement was observed in all sub-domains of PANSS and significant changes were also observed in the areas of symptoms and function of HoNOS. Significant improvement was observed in awareness of mental illness itself and its outcomes. The treatment maintenance rate was 87.5%, including three patients who stopped their medication with the doctor's order. The rate of participation in meaningful social activities, such as school or job showed an increase, from 25% at baseline to 81% after the program. CONCLUSION: Results of this study demonstrate the possibility of community programs for prevention of relapse, improvement of symptoms and function, and facilitation of return to meaningful social activities of first episode psychosis patients.
Case Management ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Psychotic Disorders ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Adult ; Autoantibodies/*immunology ; Female ; Hashimoto Disease/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Luminescent Measurements ; Radioimmunoassay ; Republic of Korea ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroxine/*blood/immunology ; Triiodothyronine/blood

We examined the effects of calcium intake levels on mineral metabolism during pregnancy using calcium-deficient young adult rats. Five week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal Ca (NCa, 0.5%) and low Ca (LCa, 0.15%) diets for five weeks (pre-pregnancy). The low Ca intake group was then divided into three groups and fed low Ca (0.15%), normal Ca (0.5%) and high Ca (1.5%) diets for 3 weeks (pregnancy). All of the rats were mated with normal male rats. The control group was fed a consistently normal Ca (0.5%) diet during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy. On the day after delivery, dams and their pups were sacrificed. We measured total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and mineral content in serum and weight, length, breaking force, ash and mineral content in the femur and lumbar (L2-L4) of the dams. Whole body mineral content was measured in the pups. There was no difference in weight gain and food intake among the groups. Serum total protein and albumin were in the normal range but a little lower during pregnancy. High Ca supplementation decreased serum Mg and Fe during pregnancy. Weight, ash and Ca of the femur and lumbar significantly decreased in rats fed a chronically low Ca diet during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy. Calcium supplementation levels were above normal during pregnancy and increased the bone weight and breaking force of rats fed the low Ca diet during pre-pregnancy. However, Ca supplementation did not increase the ash and Ca contents in the bones. High Ca supplementation during pregnancy significantly decreased Mg in the bones and increased Ca and P in the kidneys. Ash content of pups from dams fed the chronically low Ca diet decreased but there was no difference in whole body Ca among the groups. Mg and Fe in the whole body decreased in pups from dams fed the high Ca diet. Pregnancy performance was reduced in dams fed the low Ca diet. These results suggest that above normal Ca supplementation levels during pregnancy restored maternal bone status to some extent in rats fed the chronically low Ca diet. The same could not be said for mineral content. Also, high Ca supplementation during pregnancy may deteriorate mineral composition in bones and other tissues. Therefore, more detailed research is needed to facilitate sound recommendations on appropriate calcium intake during pregnancy.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Calcium* ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Metabolism* ; Pregnancy* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Values ; Weight Gain ; Young Adult*