PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the anglographic findings of collateral vessels in cervicofacial vascular lesions with previously ligated carotid arteries and to evaluate the extent of anglographic assessmant needed before embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 10 cervicofacial vascular lesions with previously ligated carotid artery, which were 6 cases of arteriovenous malformation, 2 cases of carotid cavernous fistula, 1 case of hemangioma and 1 case of arteriovenous realformation with carotid cavernous fistula. The previously ligated arteries are proximal external carotid artery (n=5), branches of external carotid artery (n=2) and common carotid artery (n=3). Common carotid artery or internal carotid artery (n=9), vertebral artery (n=5), ipsilateral external carotid artery (n=4), contralateral external carotid artery (n=5), costocervical trunk (n=2), thyrocervical trunk (n=2) were assessed by conventional angiography. Angiography of both carotid and vertebral arteries was performed in 5 cases. RESULTS: The collateral vascular channels were inferolateral trunk of internal carotid artery (n=8), vertebral artery (n=5), contralateral external carotid artery (n=5), ipsilateral external carotid artery (n=4), deep cervical artery (n=2) and ascending cervical artery (n=l). Embolizations were performed in 9 cases with operative cannulation(n=4), embolization via collateral branches of ipsilateral external carotid artery (n=l), embolization via collateral branches of contralateral external carotid artery (n=3) and balloon occulusion via direct puncture (n=l). CONCLUSION: The collateral channels in cervicofacial vascular lesions with previouly ligated carotid artery were inferolateral trunk of internal carotid artery, contralateral or ipsilateral external carotid artery, vertebral artery, deep cervical artery and ascending cervical artery on angiography. Complete anglographic assessment of possible collateral channels is mandatory for the effective and safe embolization.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Carotid Artery, External ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Fistula ; Hemangioma ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertebral Artery

We herein report a case of intractable epilepsy that occurred in a 7-year-old girl, which is consistent with radiological and clinicopathological hallmarks of Rasmussen's encephalitis. The patient showed characteristic primary unilateral involvement with secondary bilateral propagation. Microscopically, the cortical atrophy due to neuronal loss, intense GFAP-immunoreactive astrogliosis, neuronophagia, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and microglial nodules was seen throughout the cortex and white matter. No viral inclusions were noted; no cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus or Epstein-Barr virus was found by in situ hybridization. Granular immunofluorescence for C4, C1q and IgG within the blood vessel walls was noted, and ultrastructurally, only nonspecific vascular injury was found. Rasmussen's encephalitis is a diagnosis of exclusion; it can be diagnosed by the combination of clinical manifestation, neuroimaging and characteristic pathologic features.
Atrophy ; Blood Vessels ; Child ; Cytomegalovirus ; Diagnosis ; Encephalitis* ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neuroimaging ; Neurons ; Simplexvirus ; Vascular System Injuries

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary vessel sarcomas are rare, and their pathogenesis is still unclear. METHODS: We focus on the pathologic findings of fourteen pulmonary artery and/or vein sarcomas along with clinical prognosis. RESULTS: Nine patients were male and five were female, and they ranged in age from 26 to 72 years (mean, 47 years). There were ten cases of pulmonary artery sarcoma, three cases of pulmonary artery and vein sarcoma, and one case of pure pulmonary vein sarcoma. Ten out of the fourteen cases were associated with pulmonary thromboembolism. Microscopically, all the tumors showed an undifferentiated sarcomatous portion. There were leiomyosarcoma portions in 8 cases, malignant fibrous histiocytomatous portions in 7 cases, angiosarcomatous differentiation in 3 cases, and osteosarcomatous portion in 1 case. All but two patients died during the follow up period (range, 1 to 78 months). The mean survival time of the patients who died was 14 months and the longest survival time was 78 months after surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS: The current study is one of the largest single institutional reviews of pulmonary artery and/or vein sarcoma. Regardless of the histological components and macroscopic growth patterns, these rare tumors have a grave prognosis.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Male ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Pulmonary Veins ; Sarcoma ; Survival Rate ; Veins

No abstract available.
Humans ; Needles* ; Peritonsillar Abscess*

Background: A decrease in computed tomography (CT)-derived skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) reflects age-related ectopic fat infiltration of muscle, compromising muscle function and metabolism. We investigated the age-related trajectory of SMD and its association with vertebral trabecular bone density in healthy adults. Methods: In a cohort of healthy adult kidney donors aged 19 to 69 years (n=583), skeletal muscle index (SMI, skeletal muscle area/height2), SMD, and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat (V/S) ratio were analyzed at the level of L3 from preoperative CT scans. Low bone mass was defined as an L1 trabecular Hounsfield unit (HU) <160 HU. Results: L3SMD showed constant decline from the second decade (annual change –0.38% and –0.43% in men and women), whereas the decline of L3SMI became evident only after the fourth decade of life (–0.37% and –0.18% in men and women). One HU decline in L3SMD was associated with elevated odds of low bone mass (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.13; P=0.003), independent of L3SMI, age, sex, and V/S ratio, with better discriminatory ability compared to L3SMI (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve 0.68 vs. 0.53, P<0.001). L3SMD improved the identification of low bone mass when added to age, sex, V/S ratio, and L3SMI (category-free net reclassification improvement 0.349, P<0.001; integrated discrimination improvement 0.015, P=0.0165). Conclusion L3SMD can be an early marker for age-related musculoskeletal changes showing linear decline throughout life from the second decade in healthy adults, with potential diagnostic value for individuals with low bone mass.

Recent research suggests that a small group of cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), is responsible for initiating tumor formation, recurrence, and metastasis. c-Yes, a proto-oncogene that is a subfamily of Src family kinase, is often activated in human colon cancer; this implicates c-Yes in the onset and progression of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between c-Yes and CSCs. We performed a sphere formation assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for studying the differentiation of HT-29 human colon CSCs. To demonstrate the specific role of c-Yes in CSCs, we performed live cell microscopy and a cell cycle assay. These study shows, for the first time, that c-Yes is enriched in CD133+ CSCs, compared to their CD133− counterparts, and that c-Yes depletion in CD133+ cells induces cell differentiation. Moreover, c-Yes depletion was found to elongate the midbody and increase the proliferation doubling time. This also suggested that the misregulation of microtubules during chromosomal separation causes aneuploidy. Our results suggest that c-Yes may play a crucial role in initiating, maintaining, and driving the tumorigenic property of colon cancer.
Aneuploidy ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Humans* ; Microscopy ; Microtubules ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Phosphotransferases ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Recurrence ; Stem Cells*

PURPOSE: Our aim was to investigate the predictive factors for detecting grade III-V vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) in young infants less than 3 months with urinary tract infections (UTI). METHODS: Data of infants who underwent ultrasonography and VCUG between January 2004 and September 2007 were reviewed. Age, gender, incidence of bacteremia, C-reactive protein(CRP) and imaging studies were compared between group I(grade III-V VUR) and group II (normal or grade I and II VUR) retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, odds ratio, and likelihood ratio of ultrasonography for high grade VUR were evaluated. RESULTS: Among 54 enrolled infants(41 males, 13 females), 14 infants were group I and 40 infants were group II. In the group I, CRP level was significantly higher(6.11+/-5.18 vs. 3.27+/-3.45, P=0.025), and there were more ultrasonographic abnormal findings(71.4%, vs. 22.5%, P=0.002) compared with group II. However, ultrasonography was the only significant factor after adjusting with logistic regression(P=0.002). Incidence of bacteremia and abnormal DMSA findings were not significantly different in two groups. Sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio of ultrasonography was 71.4%, 77.5%, 6.9 respectively. Negative predictive value was 88.6% and negative likelihood ratio was 0.37. Ultrasonography had significant negative likelihood ratio for grade III-V VUR, but missed 4 infants with grade III VUR. CONCLUSION: We could not find any alternative predictive factors to reduce VCUG in detecting high grade VUR. Therefore, VCUG must be considered in young infants less than 3 months with UTI.
Bacteremia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prednisolone ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Succimer ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth inhibitory effects of some vegetable oils on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei). METHODS: Two bacterial strains and 5 kinds of test solutions (3 experimental groups: orange essential oil, olive oil, soybean oil; 1 positive control group: chlorhexidine solution; 1 negative control group: broth medium) were used in this study. S. mutans and L. casei pellets were exposed to 1 ml of one of the test solutions for 1 minute. Then, the treated bacterial cells were incubated in fresh broth medium for 0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours. The optical density of the broth medium was measured using an ELISA reader at 620 nm. A nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (with Mann-Whitney U tests) was performed to compare the change in optical density between different groups at different time points. RESULTS: Bacterial growth was significantly inhibited in all experimental groups compared to the negative control group. The growth of L. casei was less affected by experimental oils than that of S. mutans. Orange essential oil had the maximum growth inhibitory effect on S. mutans up to 8 hours, similar to that in the positive control group (P<0.01). Experimental oils had greater growth inhibitory effect on L. casei than chlorhexidine solution. CONCLUSIONS: This in vitro study confirmed the growth inhibitory effect of some vegetable oils on S. mutans and L. casei. Rising of the mouth using these vegetable oils is expected to have an anti-plaque effect, but additional clinical studies are needed to confirm this.
Chlorhexidine ; Citrus sinensis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Lactobacillus casei* ; Lactobacillus* ; Mouth ; Oils ; Olea ; Plant Oils* ; Soybean Oil ; Streptococcus mutans* ; Streptococcus* ; Vegetables* ; Olive Oil

PURPOSE: Chest pain is common in children and adolescents and is a reason for referral to pediatric cardiologists. Although most cases of chest pain in these age groups are benign and do not require treatment, timely diagnosis is important not to miss life-threatening diseases requiring prompt treatment. We investigated certain clinical characteristics that may be useful in the diagnosis of such critical diseases. METHODS: Patient medical records between July 2006 and September 2013 were retrospectively examined. We included 517 patients who presented with chest pain to the Department of Pediatrics at Kyung Hee University Hospital in Gangdong. RESULTS: Most cases of chest pain were idiopathic in origin (73.6%), followed by cases with respiratory (9.3%), musculoskeletal (8.8%), cardiac (3.8%), gastrointestinal (2.9%), and psychiatric (1.4%) causes. In 6 patients (1.2%) with air-leak syndrome including pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum, the pain was abrupt, continuous, and lasted for a short period of 1-2 days after onset in the older adolescents. Of the patients with cardiac pain, 13 had cardiac arrhythmias (65.0%), 6 had congenital heart diseases (30%), and 1 had coronary aneurysms caused by Kawasaki disease (5.0%). One patient with atrial flutter had only symptoms of syncope and chest pain. CONCLUSION: The abrupt, continuous chest pain of a short duration in the older children was characteristic of air-leak syndrome. In patients with pneumomediastinum, radiological diagnosis was difficult without careful examination. Combined syncope should not be neglected and further cardiac workup is essential in such patients.
Adolescent* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Flutter ; Chest Pain* ; Child* ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Diagnosis ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Medical Records ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Pediatrics ; Pneumothorax ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies ; Syncope ; Thorax*

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the paratesticular area are rare, and are often reported in the literature by various terms, e.g., proliferative funiculitis, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation and fibrous pseudotumor. This is one of the most common lesions of that region, and typically presents as a longstanding, painless scrotal mass. Here, we describe a 34 year-old man who has had a palpable scrotal mass for the past 10 years. The excised mass was composed of multiple conglomerated nodules, which had homogeneous rubbery cut surfaces. Histologically, each was a well circumscribed, but unencapsulated mass of hyalinized collagenous tissue interspersed with lymphoplasmacytic cells and lymphoid follicle formation. A small fraction of paucicellular spindle cells was positive for vimentin, smooth muscle actin and CD68. Ultrastructurally, abundant collagen fibrils were mixed with paucicellular spindle cells and inflammatory cells. These spindle cells had abundant rough endoplasmic reticula and myofilaments with focal densities, indicating myofibroblastic differentiation.
Actins ; Adult ; Collagen ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myofibrils ; Myofibroblasts ; Vimentin