OBJECTIVE: Controversy over the presence of neuronal apoptosis in acute brain injuries has not been resolved due to the lack of direct evidence. In this article, the authors briefly review the current research progress of apoptosis and discuss the relationship between acute brain injuries and neuronal apoptosis.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based retrieval for relevant papers with abstracts indexed in Medline database published in English full text between January 1995 and February 2005 was conducted using the key words of "acute brain injuries" and "Neuronal apoptosis". Related articles in Chinese full text published between January 2000 and December 2004 were also searched in Chinese periodical full text database, Wanfang databases with key words of "acute traumatic brain injury, neuronal apoptosis".STUDY SELECTION: The retrieved articles were first examined to exclude review articles and repetitions, and only randomized and non-randomized controlled experiments or clinical trials on acute traumatic brain injury and neuronal apoptosis were included.DATA EXTRACTION: Altogether 136 articles directly related to acute traumatic brain injury and neuronal apoptosis were collected, among which 19 met the inclusion criteria with the other 117 removed for repetition or irrelevancy.DATA SYNTHESIS: The valid articles were reviewed to identify the factors related to neuronal apoptosis, apoptotic network theory, detection methods of apoptosis, and the relationship between acute traumatic brain injury and neuronal apoptosis as well as the possible mechanisms.CONCLUSION: Neuronal apoptosis occurs after acute traumatic brain injury, which induces intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal environment changes including increased extracellular excitatory amino acid content, massive free radical production and abnormal gene expression. These factors interact with each other and modulate neuronal apoptosis through multiple pathways.

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the progression of biochemical study on caspase-3 and its functions in disorders of center nerve system.DATA SOURCES:The relevant papers were looked up on Medline database from January 1995 to February 2005 with the retrieved words as"caspase-3", "apoptosis", "center nerve system" and "emergency diseases" in combination, limited in English version.STUDY SELECTION: By initial checking,the papers on caspase-3 in molecular biology and randomized control experiments on caspase-3 and the disorders in center nerve system were collected.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 156 papers were collected directly related to caspase-3 and center nerve system, of which, 25 papers were in conformity with the criteria and 131 papers were exuded because of repeated contents and indirect relation with this paper.DATA SYNTHESIS: To synthesize the relevant information from the retrieved papers and sum up that the activity of caspase-3 is increased after acute cerebral injury, acute spinal injury, cerebral ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage and broadspectrum caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk can reduce significantly the activity of caspase-3.CONCLUSION: Caspase-3 is the most important protease in cell apoptosis, it is the component in downstream effect of coordination of various apoptotic approaches and is the only way in protease cascade of cell apoptosis. The activated caspase-3 can split the essential and protective enzymes in cell and result in the alternations of apeptosis in morphology and biochemistry. DNA segmentation is the important biochemical property of nerve cell apoptosis at early stage in acute cerebral injury and the formation of it is necessary.

Objective To investigate the perfusion characteristics of normal pancreas and pancreatic carcinoma on multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT).Methods Perfusion CT for pancreatic cancer was performed with sixteen-slice spiral CT in 26 patients(all of them were then confirmed by pathology).Eighteen patients without pancreatic disorders served as controls.Contrast medium-enhanced dynamic CT was performed,and the data were analyzed by using commercial software to calculate tissue blood flow(BF),blood volume(BV),mean transit time(MTT),and vascular permeability-surface(PS)area product.Perfusion parameters of normal pancreas and tumors tissues were compared.Results Technical failures were experienced in 1(3.85%)subjects of pancreatic carcinoma.The mean BF,BV,MTT and PS in pancreatic carcinoma were(68.89?73.42)mL/(100 mg? min),(10.02?3.59)mL/100 mg,(8.23?3.26)s,(28.63?9.35)mL/(100 mg?min),respectively.The mean BF,BV,MTT and PS in normal pancreas tissue were(173.53?71.33)mL/(100 mg?min),(14.43?3.15)mL/100 mg,(7.15?5.45)s,(13.98?8.53)mL/(100 mg?min),respectively.The mean BF,BV and PS between pancreatic carcinoma and normal pancreas were statistically significant(BF,PS:P0.05).Conclusion CT perfusion imaging can be used to identify patients with pancreatic carcinomas,because individual differences exist in the results of CT perfusion.

AIM: To study the clinical value of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis.METHODS: From April 2014 to April 2016 in our hospital for treatment of patients with uveitis were 140 cases,including 104 cases of patients with binocular incidence in 208 eyes and 36 patients with unilateral disease.All of patients after history,slit lamp,direct ophthalmoscopy and B-scan examination was the diagnosis of uveitis.Based on the anatomy of uveitis was divided into: 72 cases of patients with anterior uveitis in 132 eyes,24 cases of patients with intermediate uveitis in 48 eyes,posterior uveitis in 28 eyes of 40 patients,16 patients with panuveitis in 24 eyes.FFA and OCT were used to detect the pathological changes of the fundus of the patients.RESULTS: The detection of anterior uveitis was 46.2%,the detection rate of 43.8% intermediate uveitis,posterior uveitis detection rate was 45.0%,the detection rate of 54.2% panuveitis.Patients with anterior uveitis diseased were mainly in peripheral fundus,inflammation,posterior uveitis and panuveitis patients were mainly located in the posterior pole position,and were accompanied by vascular leakage.CONCLUSION: FFA objectively reflects the effect of uveitis on the retina,helping doctors to understand the extent of their choroidal,optic nerve and retinal lesions,and thus the use of appropriate methods for treatment;OCT for patients with an objective and direct means of evaluation.

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Congenital Abnormalities ; etiology ; Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored ; Folic Acid Deficiency ; complications ; etiology ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics

Objective To study the occurrence of bacteremia and whether washing gastric mucosa with povidone-iodine could reduce its occurrence after endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA). Methods A total of 20 healthy adult dogs were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group, with 10 in each. The animals in experimental group underwent gastric mucosa washing with 10 ml 0. 5% povidone-iodine solution before FNA, while those in control group with 10ml normal saline. Blood samples were collected for culture before EUS, between EUS and FNA, and 5, 15 and 30 minutes after FNA. Results There were 3 cases of positive bacteremia in experimental group and l in control group,which were not significantly different ( P = 0. 582). Conclusion Pre-washing gastric mucosa with 0. 5% povidone-iodine solution cannot reduce bacterial infection after EUS-guided FNA.

Lobaplatin is the third generation platinum drug.Many studies on pharmacodynamics have confirmed that lobaplatin can block the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis,and thus inhibits tumor cell proliferation effectively.Lobaplatin is not cross-resistant to cisplatin.Besides,it has good curative effect to various kinds of cancer patients with mild adverse reactions,and the patients are well tolerable to it.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of transmission straight wire appliance on the treatment of AngleⅡ1 malocclusion and explore its mechanism.Methods Thirteen AngleⅡ1 malocclusion patients (6 males and 7 females) were treated with the appliance by extracting 4 first premolars or 2 first maxillary premolars.The results of cephalometric measurements before and after treatment were statistically analyzed.Results The average treatment time of 13 cases was 15.6 months.The overbite's treatment cost 4.2 months averagely.Overbite,overjet and molar relationship were turned to normal (only one adult case had complete distal in the molar relationship by extracting 2 first maxillary premolar) and lateral appearances were improved after treatment.The results of cephalometric analysis showed that the changes of SNB,ANB,U1-NA angle,L1-NB angle,U1-LI angle,U1-NA length,L1-NB length,L6-MP length,L1C-MP length,overbite,and overjet were of high statistical significance (P0.05).Conclusion Transmission straight wire appliance can quickly and efficiently correct AngleⅡ1 malocclusion.

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB).As the drug-resistance characteristics are different in patients with various genotypes,thus,the gene polymorphism study have critical clinical significance.Among the all kinds of techniques,some have been used to analyze polymorphism for a long time and new development in that respect has also been made recently.On the other hand,some techniques are e-merging but demonstrate promising application prospects.This study summarizes the gene polymorphism study of MTB which have been used or are emerging in recent years,and points out a few shortcomings briefly.Our object is to make a contribution to theoretical basis and knowledge accumulation in the drug-resistance and epidemiological survey field.

BACKGROUND:The HOX gene family is a highly conserved transcription factor family,which affects the formation of basic axis and secondary axis during embryonic development,at the same time,it plays a pivotal role in the development of the central nervous system,axial skeleton,stomach intestine,urogenital system and external genitalia.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the interactional protein of HOXD13 in human embryo foot development at 14 weeks pregnancy.METHODS:Fetal foot tissues were harvested and protein extraction was performed using protein extraction kit,6 μg HOXD13 antibody was added for immunOprecipitatjOn experiment,which aims to obtain HOXD13 interactional proteins,while the non-specific IgG served as a negative control Subsequent to Bradford staining,the sediment protein bands were cut for mass spectrometry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We obtained an interactional protein of HOXD13 in the human embryo foot at 14 weeks pregnancy,at the relative molecular mass of approximately 60 000.The protein was identified as zinc finger protein 548 using mass spectrum.HOXD13 may play a very important role in transcriptional control by HOXD13-zinc finger protein 548 protein complex in the human embryo foot at 14 weeks pregnancy.