OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the isolation methods of inner cell mass from mouse blastocyst, types of feeder cells and treatment time of mitomycin C on the formation rate of ICM colony. METHODS: The inner cells were isolated by conventional immunosurgery, partial trophoblast dissection with syringe needles and whole blastocyst co-culture method. Commercially available STO and primary cultured mouse embryonic fibroblast (pMEF) feeder cells were used, and mitomycin C was treated for 1, 2 or 3 hours, respectively. The formation rate of ICM colony was observed after isolation of ICM and culture of ICM on the feeder cells for 7 days. RESULT: The ICM colony formation rate on STO were significantly higher in partial trophoblast dissection group (58%) than that in immunosurgery (12%) or whole blastocyst culture (16%) group (p<0.05). The formation rate on pMEF feeder layer was higher in partial trophoblast dissection (88%) and whole blastocyst culture (82%) group than that in immunosurgery (16%) group (p<0.05). When mitomycin C treated to pMEF for 2 hours, the formation rate of 88% was significantly higher than those of other conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Above results showed that the efficient isolation method of ICM from blastocyst was the partial trophoblast dissection and the appropriate treatment time of mitomycin C was 2 hours. However, the subculture of ICM colony and characterization of stem cells should be carried out to confirm the efficacy of the partial trophoblast dissection method.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Coculture Techniques ; Feeder Cells* ; Fibroblasts ; Mice* ; Mitomycin* ; Needles ; Stem Cells ; Syringes ; Trophoblasts

No abstract available.
Melanoma*

Herein, we report a case of micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma in a previously healthy 73-year-old male. Thymectomy was performed. The solid and macrocystic masses were encapsulated with focal invasion. The solid portion consisted of nodules of bland-looking spindle or round epithelial cells in lymphoid stroma containing prominent germinal centers. The epithelial cells had moderate amount of cytoplasm and occasional mucin production. The cystic portion was lined with cuboidal epithelium. According to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the mass was diagnosed as a micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma accompanied by a pre-existing multilocular thymic cyst. Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma, a possible variant of type A thymoma, is an extremely rare tumor. This so-called "unusual" variant may imply the schematic weakness of the current WHO classification that cannot cover all morphologic types. Further study is recommended for clarification of this variant and its incorporation into the current classification.
Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Germinal Center ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Male ; Mediastinal Cyst ; Mucins ; Thymectomy ; Thymoma ; World Health Organization

We herein report a case of intractable epilepsy that occurred in a 7-year-old girl, which is consistent with radiological and clinicopathological hallmarks of Rasmussen's encephalitis. The patient showed characteristic primary unilateral involvement with secondary bilateral propagation. Microscopically, the cortical atrophy due to neuronal loss, intense GFAP-immunoreactive astrogliosis, neuronophagia, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and microglial nodules was seen throughout the cortex and white matter. No viral inclusions were noted; no cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus or Epstein-Barr virus was found by in situ hybridization. Granular immunofluorescence for C4, C1q and IgG within the blood vessel walls was noted, and ultrastructurally, only nonspecific vascular injury was found. Rasmussen's encephalitis is a diagnosis of exclusion; it can be diagnosed by the combination of clinical manifestation, neuroimaging and characteristic pathologic features.
Atrophy ; Blood Vessels ; Child ; Cytomegalovirus ; Diagnosis ; Encephalitis* ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neuroimaging ; Neurons ; Simplexvirus ; Vascular System Injuries

BACKGROUND: Thin hairs are critical to achieve natural result in female hairline correction surgery. However, there are few studies on the usefulness of hair thinning by intense pulsed light (IPL) after hairline correction surgery in East Asian females. METHODS: Hair thinning using IPL was performed in 54 women who had complained about thick hairs along the frontal hairline after hairline correction surgery. Patient mean age was 31.2 years old and patients were an average of 2.1 years post-hairline correction surgery. Initial treatment used 10 J, while second and third sessions were conducted with 10 to 15 J according to responsiveness to treatment. RESULTS: Mean thickness of individual hairs assessed before the procedure was 78.86 µm. The mean number of procedures was 1.6 per patient. Forty of 54 subjects (74%) achieved satisfactory hair thinning with only one procedure from 78.01 to 66.14 µm after treatment. The measured thickness was 66.43 µm at the end of the first year in patients who were satisfied after one procedure. Thirteen cases achieved satisfactory hair thinning after two sessions. Mean thickness was 74.44 µm and 67.51 µm, before and after the second session. One case required a third session with 15J, thinning from 89.00 to 66.50 µm. CONCLUSIONS: Hair thinning by IPL is a very useful method to provide a natural look after hairline correction surgery in East Asians, who have naturally thick hair.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Female ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Hair Removal* ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Methods

PURPOSE: The study purposes were to describe the process of developing the Korean versions of the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (Six-D) and Student Nurse Stress Index (SNSI) and psychometric evaluation of the two measurements. METHODS: This was a methodology study using a descriptive cross-sectional design with 51 nursing students in 4th year of university. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach alphas. Construct validity was determined by exploring correlations among Six-D, SNSI, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA). RESULTS: Internal consistency reliability of Six-D and SNSI was acceptable with Cronbach's alpha of .95 and .82. Correlation analysis to determine construct validity revealed that Six-D presented positive correlations with OSCE (r=.109~.272) and self-efficacy (r=.005~.161) and negative correlation with GPA (r=-.246~-.394), although all were not statistically significant. SNSI presented all negative correlations with OSCE (r= -.007~-.238), self-efficacy (r=-.246~-.394), and GPA (r=-.092~-.426) and were mostly statistically significant except OSCE. CONCLUSION: Six-D needs more evidence to confirm validity to predict observed clinical competency and theoretical relationships with self-efficacy and GPA. However, SNSI presented trends of expected relationships with relevant variables. Therefore, further research is recommended in testing validity of Six-D with other student populations.
Asthma ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Students, Nursing

Most of thyroid lymphomas are B-lineage, and T-cell lymphomas are rare. Here, we report a case of primary thyroid T-cell lymphoma associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A 48-yr-old woman presented with incidentally found neck mass. Histologically, the resected right lobe of the thyroid was replaced by monomorphic small atypical lymphoid cells with lymphoepithelial lesion-like change, most of which were immunoreactive for CD3, CD8, betaF-1, and TIA-1. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified, was finally diagnosed after molecular study for TCR-gamma gene rearrangement. This is the second case of cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma reported in the thyroid gland so far. Unique association between thyroid follicles and neoplastic lymphocytes may be characteristic feature of this type of T-cell lymphoma.
Female ; Hashimoto Disease/*pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/*pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/*pathology ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology/pathology ; Thyroid Gland/*pathology

Objectives: The importance of public healthcare has been further emphasized by the arrival of the era of super-aged societies. This study investigates the landscape among oral health professionals, focusing on the concept development of the public oral health care (POHC) and essential oral health care (EOHC). Methods: A questionnaire survey of oral health professionals was conducted at six associations or societies who have an interest in POHC from December 21 to December 29, 2022. Chi-squared and logistic regression analyses were adopted to identify significant differences between the responses according to general characteristics. Significant differences were considered at a P-value of 0.05. Results: A total of 100 oral health professionals (48 dentists and 52 dental hygienists) participated in this study. The results revealed that there is a need for improvement of the POHC and the establishment of concepts related to the POHC and EOHC. The agreement rate was 90%, 85%, and 86% for the responsible organization, the target object and field, and the concept in the definition of the POHC, respectively. In the case of the construction of the EOHC, the agreement rate was 91% for “Quality of life,” and 85% for “Life and safety.” Among the community oral health programs as the POHC programs, “Oral health education program” showed the highest agreement rate. In healthcare institutions that are capable of providing the POHC services, “Oral health center in the public health center” had the highest agreement rate. Conclusions The POHC would be reasonable to define to ensure universal access to oral healthcare services for all citizens. In the case of EOHC, further research is needed to establish terminology and specific concepts in the future. This study could contribute valuable insights to the field of the POHC in an era of super-aged societies. As further research, more oral health professionals need to participate in the POHC-related policy and health care system.

Myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary myeloid tumor, which is frequently misdiagnosed when no evidence of leukemia is initially observed. Here, we report on a peculiar case of a 49-year-old man afflicted with multiple masses in the jejunum, the superior mesentery, and the serosa of the transverse colon, without leukemic manifestation. The tumor was composed of undifferentiated small round cells containing eosinophilic cytoplasm, which were negative for myeloperoxidase, nonspecific esterase, lysozyme, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, leukocyte common antigen, CD3, CD4, CD15, CD20, CD30, CD43, CD56, CD68/PG-M1, CD79a, human melanoma black-45, c-kit, and CD34 with positivity only for CD68/KP1, CD99, and vimentin. Under electron microscopy, those cells had abundant membrane-bound cytoplasmic granules that measured 200 to 300 nm in diameter, which were consistent with granulocytic azurophilic granules. The tumor was finally diagnosed as a myeloid sarcoma. The presence of non-leukemic myeloid sarcomas showing immunonegativity for conventional myeloid-leukemic markers necessitated a diagnosis by ultrastructural observation.
Antigens, CD45 ; Carboxylesterase ; Colon, Transverse ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Jejunum ; Leukemia ; Melanoma ; Mesentery ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muramidase ; Peroxidase ; Sarcoma, Myeloid ; Serous Membrane ; Vimentin

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social exclusion and paranoid ideation, and to explore moderating and mediating effects of depression and self-esteem in that relationship. METHODS: Ninety seven neurosis patients receiving treatment in a psychiatric outpatient setting were selected. Social Exclusion Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, paranoia scale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used for evaluation. RESULTS: Social exclusion showed highly positive correlation with paranoid ideation, and had significant influence. Among three types of social exclusion, contempt, bullying, and isolation, only isolation showed significant influence on paranoid ideation. Depression showed a partial mediating effect on that relationship indicating that social exclusion affects paranoid ideation not only directly, but also indirectly. On the other hand, self-esteem showed no moderating or mediating effects on that relationship. CONCLUSION: Depression mediates the influence of social exclusion on paranoid ideation. This finding provides an opportunity to decrease paranoid ideation of neurosis patients by not only prescription of antipsychotic agents but also therapeutic approach to social exclusion and depression. An experimental study to verify these findings seems to be needed.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Bullying ; Depression* ; Hand ; Humans ; Negotiating* ; Outpatients ; Paranoid Disorders ; Prescriptions ; Social Isolation