Objective:To investigate the different techniques and wave characteristic of applying non-invasive stimulation in blink reflex.Methods:Thirty volunteers participated in this study.Using the electrodiagnostic techniques,the orbital nerve and mental nerve were stimulated and the waves were respectively recorded at orbicularis oculi and levator labli superioris,then concluded the latency and amplitude of R1,R2,R2'.Results:The results of blink reflex were basically identical with the normative criteria.The wave of stimulating the orbital nerve and recording at levator labli superioris resembled BR.The images were steady and repeatable.The waves of stimulating mental nerve and recording at orbicularis oculi and levator labli superioris were unstable and partial R1 absent.Conclusion:The techniques of stimulating orbital nerve and recording at orbicularis oculi and levator labli superioris are valuable in the initial investigation of trigemino-facial reflex.The techniques of stimulating mental nerve and recording at orbicularis oculi and levator labli superioris can be used to examine assistantly.

Laryngeal cartilage dysplasia,also known as congenital laryngeal cartilage softening or con-genital laryngeal stridor,a clinical common laryngeal disease in infant. It is often shown as airflow makes special sound through larynx or tracheal stenosis,also known as laryngeal stridor. Obstruction can be caused by airway lumen or external pressure. Airway obstruction position can be located in the nose,pharynx and larynx and tra-chea. Laryngeal stridor can be caused by many diseases,such as congenital laryngeal stridor,acute laryngeal,or acute laryngotracheobronchitis,respiratory tract foreign bodies,congenital laryngeal stenosis and laryngeal web, etc. The pathogenesis,pathology,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

Objective To investigate the in-hospital death-related factors for acute encephalocele in patients with craniocerebral injury for craniotomy in order to provide evidence for clinical treatment and prognosis determina-tion.Methods The clinical data of 105 patients with craniocerebral injury occurring acute encephalocele during cra-niotomy were analyzed retrospectively.The correlations of the factors including sex,age,preoperative Glasgow coma scale(GCS)scores,preoperative intracranial pressure(ICP),postoperative pupil status,causes of encephalocel,post-operative GCS scores,postoperative ICP,coagulation mechanism,brain swelling,preoperative hypoxia,preoperative blood pressure and blood glucose were analyzed.Results The prognosis was assessed according to the Glasgow out-come scale(GOS)scores after procedure.There were 77 patients in death group(namely death cases)and 28 patients in survival group.Logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative GCS scores (Wald =14.127,Exp(B)=0.044,95%CI:0.032,0.448),causes of encephalocel(Wald =7.748,Exp(B)=8.183,95%CI:1.825,10.251), postoperative ICP(Wald =7.637,Exp(B)=7.637,95% CI:1.969,8.028),postoperative pupil status(Wald =4.001,Exp(B)=2.499,95%CI:1.019,5.122)and blood glucose(Wald =7.915,Exp(B)=8.891,95% CI:1.790,9.337)were closely associated with the in-hospital death in patients with acute encephalocele in craniocere-bral injury operation(P <0.05).Conclusion The postoperative GCS scores,causes of encephalocel,postoperative ICP,postoperative pupil status and blood glucose could be used as the important indexes for predicting in-hospital death of acute encephalocele in craniocerebral injury for craniotomy.To prevent the intraoperative encephalocele and reduce the intracranial pressure are the important measures to reduce the mortality rate of the patients with acute encephalocele.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) for locally advanced gastric cancer by Meta-analysis. Methods: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CJFD), Wanfang Data, China Conference Paper Database (CCPD) and China Cancer Database was performed. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected. After evaluating the quality of the included studies and extracting the data, a Meta-analysis was perfomed by using RevMan 5.0 software. Results: A total of 8 RCTs including 1 260 patients were included in this Meta-analysis. The resection rate [odds ratio (OR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-1.43; P = 0.79], radical resection rate (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.57-1.83; P = 0.94) and perioperative mortality (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.56-2.00; P = 0.86) beween the neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgical operation group and surgical operation alone group were not statistically different. The difference in one-year survival rate was not statistically significant (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.79-1.41; P = 0.72) between the two groups, but the 2-year (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03-1.72; P = 0.03) and 3-year (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.23-2.09; P = 0.000 5) survival rates of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgical operation group were higher than those of the surgical operation alone group. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer may not increase the resection rate and the operation risk, and it can improve the long-term survival rate. Copyright © 2014 by TUMOR.

Objective:To establish a quality standard for vinegar frankincense in Liuwei Jingkang capsules. Methods: TLC was used for the identification of vinegar frankincense. HPLC was used for the content determination of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), which was the main active component in vinegar frankincense. A SHIMADZU Shim-pack VP-ODS(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm) column was used. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0. 01 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid (78 ∶22) at a flow rate of 1. 5 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was 252 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The TLC method could identify the characteristic fluorescence of vinegar frankincense was without interference from the blank. There was a good linear relationship of AKBA within the concentration range of 0. 036 5-0. 730 8 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7). The average recovery was 98. 24% (RSD=0. 83%, n=9). Conclusion:The established method is accurate, highly sensitive and well re-producible, which can be used for the quality control of Liuwei Jingkang capsules.

Objective:To optimize the flash extraction method for polygonatum saponin by orthogonal design. Methods: The ex-traction technology was optimized by L9 (34 ) orthogonal test based on the results of single factor experiments. The optimized conditions were as follows:the material liquid ratio was 1 ∶20, the extraction voltage was 100 V, the extraction time was 40s, and the herbs were extracted 3 times (40 s per time). Results:The ratio of material to liquid had significant effect on the extraction rate,and under the a-bove extraction conditions, the extraction amount of polygonatum saponin reached up to (38. 92 ± 0. 67) mg·g-1 . The order of extrac-tion rate was flash extraction >ultrasonic extraction> ethanol extraction. Conclusion:The flash extraction is beneficial to the extrac-tion of polygonatum saponin.

OBJECTIVE To study the absorption,distribution and excretion of 2-fluorine-6-trifluoromethylpyridine (JJBD) in rats.METHODS [14C] Radioactivity isotope tracing method was used.Male SD rats were ig given a single dose of JJBD 10 and 100 mg·kg-1 (radioactivity:3.7 GBq·kg-1).Concentrations of rat plasma,tissue,feces,urine and bile were determined with a liquid scintillation counting (LSC) analyzer.Toxicokinetics (TK) parameters were fitted using WinNonlin.RESULTS TK parameters of JJBD 10 and 100 mg · kg-1 in male SD rats were as follows:area under the curve (AUC（0-t）) was 22 548±1579 and (203 395±27 586) h·iμg Eq.·L-1,half time (t1/2) was 15.8±1.0 and (14.1±0.9) h,peak time (Tmax) was 4.0±3.0 and (6.0±5.0) h,peak concentration (Cmax) was 1450±355 and (7776±1703) μg Eq.·L-1.JJBD was mainly distributed in fat,livers,kidneys,stomachs and intestinal walls.The concentration of JJBD in most of the tissues reached peak values after 4 h.However,JJBD couldn't be detected in the muscle,thymus gland,brain,gonad or spleen.Excretion rate of JJBD was 43.1％ in urine,29.7％ in feces and 9.97％ in cleaning solution within 0-168 h.JJBD could be excreted through bile at a rate of 28.1％ within 0-72 h.CONCLUSION JJBD can be absorbed immediately and excreted slowly in SD rat.There is no accumulation risk.The distribution of JJBD in vivo is very extensive,but cannot go through the blood-brain barrier.JJBD is mostly excreted through feces and urine.

ObjectiveTo seek experimental evidence of epidermal barrier dysfunction in psoriasis,and to provide a basis for adjuvant therapy of psoriasis.MethodsPhysiometric methods were used to determine the value of sebum content,transepidermal water loss(TEWL) and water content of stratum corneum in 60 patients with psoriasis and 48 normal human controls.The ultrastructure of lamellar bodies was observed with transmission electron microscopy,and the expression of acid ceramidase in normal skin and psoriatic lesions was detected by using immunohistochemical techniques.ResultsCompared with the normal skin,TEWL value was increased(P ＜ 0.01),but water content of stratum corneum decreased(P ＜ 0.01 ) in psoriatic lesions,and sebum content was similar between normal skin and psoriatic lesions.As electron microscopy showed,lamellar bodies in keratinocytes were reduced in number with a disorganized arrangement and irregular size in psoriatic lesions.The expression of acid ceramidase also decreased in psoriatic epidermis.Conclusions The function of epidermal barrier in psoriasis is impaired,and to restore epidermal barrier function and enhance hydration may serve as an important adjuvant therapy of psoriasis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Prinsepia utilis Royle oil (PURO) on the synthesis of ceramide and expression of acid ceramidase N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 (ASH1),and to explore the mechanisms underlying its moisturizing and skin barrier-repairing effects.Methods Keratinocytes from human foreskin tissue were classified into 2 groups to be cultured in keratinocyte-serum free medium (K-SFM) with or without the presence of PURO.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the level of ceramide in the culture supernatant of keratinocytes at 0,3,8,24 and 48 hours.The back of nude mice was divided into 4 areas,i.e.,test area,matrix area,blank control area and negative control area.Acetone and ether were used to destroy the epidermal barrier in the test,matrix,and blank control areas,then,the former 2 areas were topically treated with emulsions containing 1％ PURO and matrix,respectively,and the blank control area remained untreated.The epidermal barrier remained intact and untreated in the negative control area.Noninvasive methods were used to determine transepidermal water loss (TEWL),epidermal moisture content and skin lipid content in these areas on day 0,1,3,and 7.Skin tissue was obtained from these areas on day 0 and 7 followed by an immunohistochemical study for the quantification of ASH1 expression.Results The level of supernatant ceramide increased with time in the PURO-treated keratinocytes,which was significantly higher at 24 hours and 48 hours than at 0 hour (1.3817 ± 0.100 and 1.3737 ± 0.047 vs.0.7630 ± 0.143,both P ＜ 0.05).The supernatant ceramide was also elevated in the PURO-treated keratinocytes compared with untreated keratinocytes at 24 and 48 hours (both P ＜ 0.05).Noninvasive skin tests showed a gradual decrease in the TEWL,but an increase in the epidermal moisture content and skin lipid content with time in the 3 epidermal barrier-destroyed areas.As far as the test area was concerned,TEWL value was significantly lower on day 3 and 7 than on day 0 (10.85 ± 0.64 and 8.01 ± 0.58 vs.12.65 ± 0.71,both P ＜ 0.05),while a significant increment was observed in the skin lipid content on day 3 and 7 compared with day 0 (29.14 ± 0.40 and 31.30 ± 0.88 vs.27.02 ± 0.65,both P ＜ 0.05),as well as in the epidermal moisture content on day 1,3 and 7 compared with day 0 (13.98 ± 0.28,15.00 ± 0.38 and 15.86 ± 0.18 vs.11.74 ± 0.62,all P＜ 0.05).On day 7,there was a statistical decline in TEWL value,but an elevation in epidermal moisture content,skin lipid content and ASH1 expression in the test area compared with the matrix area and blank control area (all P ＜ 0.05).Also,the expression of ASH1 was upregulated on day 7 compared with day 0 in the 3 barrier-destroyed areas (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PURO may exert skin-moisturizing and barrier-repairing effects by enhancing the synthesis of ceramide and expression of acid ceramidase ASH1.

Objective:To explore the influence of new labor standards on the indications in the birth process and the prognosis of mothers and infants.Methods:186 cases treated in our hospital from January,2015 to January,2016 were divided into the observation group (85 cases) and the control group (101 cases),the observation group received new labor standards,the control group adopt Friedman labor standards.The clinical indications,pregnant complications,pregnant outcome,neonatal-perinatal outcome were compared between two groups.Results:The cesarean delivery rate,number of using oxytocin,forceps delivery rate of observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05);the duration time of both first and second stage of labor were obviously longer than those of the control group (P＜0.05);the duration time of active phase,bleeding volume in birth process in both groups showed no statistical difference (P＞0.05);there was no adverse maternal and infant events in both groups;the incidence rate of pregnancy complications,fetal distress in uterus,asphyxia neonatorum and neonatal body weight were of no statistical difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion:The new labor standards prolong the duration time of birth and give women fully trial opportunities,could effectively reduce the rate of cesarean section,reduce the over intervention production.