Objective: To investigate molecular mechanism involved in nicotine in combination with Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g ) caused monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion .Methods: The effect of nicotine, P.g-lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) and their combination on the proliferation of U 937 cells was determined by CCK-8 method .Interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) expression was investigated by Real-time PCR after U937 cells were treated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination .In human umbilical vein endothe-lial cells ( HUVECs ) , the expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein CCL-8 and adhesion mole-cules including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( Vcam-1 ) , very late antigen 4 alpha ( VLA4α) , tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 ( OX40) and OX40 ligand ( OX40L) were detected by Real-time PCR or Western blotting assays after HUVEC cells were treated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination .Adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells was detected after the HUVECs and U 937 cells were stimulated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination, respectively.Results:P.g-LPS did not affect the proliferative ability of nicotine in U 937 cells.However, the ability of P.g-LPS induced IL-6 expression was inhibited by 100 μmol/L nicotine in U937 cells.In HUVECs, the expressions of CCL-8, Vcam-1, VLA4α, OX40 and OX40L were significantly up-regulated by nicotine and P.g-LPS combi-nation compared with nicotine alone , P.g-LPS alone and the untreated control .Adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs results showed that the two types of cells treated with nicotine in combination with P.g-LPS could markedly increase the adhesion ability of monocytes to HUVECs .Conclusion:P.g-LPS in combi-nation with nicotine could recruit monocytes to endothelial lesion through up-regulation of CCL-8, and promote adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells through enhancement of Vcam -1/VLA4αand OX40/OX40L interactions, which could be involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis .

Objective:To detect periodontopathic bacterial DNA in atherosclerotic vascular lesions in a group of Chinese patients by using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) techniques.Methods: Ten human specimens of atherosclerotic plaque were obtained sterilely.The sclerotic lesions were blade into fine pieces and DNA was isolated from the samples.To detect Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg),Tannerella forsythia(Tf),Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(Aa),Prevotella intermedia(Pi),Prevotella nigre-scens(Pn),Treponema denticola(Td),Campylobacter rectus(Cr),PCR amplification of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA) was carried out.Results: PCR assays for bacterial 16S rDNA indicated the presence of periodontal pathogens in 3 out of 10 surgical specimens.DNA of Pg were found in 3 samples,Tf was found only in one among the 3 samples and Pn was found in another sample among the 3 samples.Conclusion: The data confirm that DNA of periodontal pathogens present in atherosclerotic plaques.Pg,Tf,Pn may play a role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in these Chinese patients.Further studies with large size samples are needed.

Nanobacteria (NB) is a kind of new bacteria with a diameter of 8 0~500 nm. It has specific mineralizing ability. As a active nidus it can attac h, invade and damage the renal epithelium of collecting ducts and papilla, and t hen form apatite which being the center to induce formation of kidney stones. I n the paper, the research progress on nanobateria contained in kidney stones and its role in kidney stones formation were summarized. The simulation in vitro a nd animal models of kidney stones formation induced by nanobateria were discusse d.

Objective To determine the dose-response relationship of sufentanil inhibiting responses to tracheal intubation when combined with sevoflurane in pediatric patients.Methods Seventy-five pediatric patients of both sexes,aged 2-8 yr,weighing 11-28 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ,scheduled for elective operation on perineum or four extremity under general anesthesia,were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sevoflurane group (group S) and sevoflurane combined with sufentanil 0.15,0.30,0.45 and 0.60 μg/kg groups (SS14 groups).6％ sevoflurane was inhaled via a face mask.Mechanical ventilation was performed after spontaneous breathing weakened.The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was maintained at 3％ after loss of consciousness.The corresponding doses of sufentanil were injected intravenously in SS14 groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group S.The median effective dose (ED50),ED95 and 95 ％ confidence interval of sufentanil inhibiting responses to tracheal intubadon were calculated using Probit method.Results When combined with sevoflurane,the ED50 and ED95 (95 ％ confidence interval) of sufentanil inhibiting responses to tracheal intubation were 0.365 μg/kg (0.317-0.414μg/kg) and 0.513 μg/kg (0.454-0.647 μg/kg),respectively,in pediatric patients.Conclusion The ED50 of sufentanil required for inhibiting responses to tracheal intubation is 0.365 μg/kg and ED95 is 0.513 μg/kg when combined with sevoflurane in pediatric patients.

Objective To explore the correlation of empowerment with illness perception among inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method The convenience sampling method was used to investigate the status of empowerment and illness perception among 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from October 2014 to July 2015, followed by analyzing the association between the two variables. Results The total score of empowerment was (4.00 ± 0.65), and the total score of illness perception was (38.00 ± 2 . 33 ) . The empowerment was positively correlated with illness perception ( P < 0 . 001 ) . The empowerment was positively correlated with the timeline, personal control, treatment control, illness concern and illness comprehensibility, respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusions The empowerment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is at a high level, and positively correlated with illness perception, more pronounced chronic nature, the better personal control and treatment control, a higher degree of concern about the disease and better personal understanding of the illness contributed to a higher degree of empowerment. Medical staff should evaluate the illness perception of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regularly in the daily work so as to improve the illness perception , improve their empowerment and promote the patients′quality of life eventually.

[Objective] To investigate the incidence and risk factors for posttransplantation anemia (PTA) following kidney transplantation. [Methods] A retrospective cohort study reviewing the medical records of the patients who received a renal transplant at our center from January 2004 to June 2008 was performed. All possible risk factors for PTA were recorded. Outcomes among the patients with PTA were compared with those without PTA using t-test and chi-square analysis methods. Logistic regression analysis was done to rank the relative risk of potential variables and calculate the 95% CI. [Results] Prevalence of PTA in our center was 31.0% (hemoglobin <120 g/L or Hct< 0.38 for males, < 110 g/L or Hct < 0.35 for males). Univariate and Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for PTA after kidney transplantation were female (RR=8.738; 95%CI 2.558～29.853; P= 0.001), creatinine level (RR=1.035; 95%CI 1.018～1.052; P<0.001) and acute rejection (RR=19.827; 95%CI 2.056～191.19; P=0.01); [Conclusions] PTA is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation. Great attention should be paid to this complication considering its negative effect on graft function. Female, impaired renal function and acute rejection are risk factors of anemia in kidney transplantation recipients.

Objective:To explore the effect of virtual reality (VR)-based baduanjin exercise on the cognition, physical functioning and life quality of elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:Fifty-seven mildly impaired elderly persons were randomly divided into an observation group ( n=29) and a control group ( n=28). Both groups were given routine care and health education in their nursing homes, while the observation group additionally performed 50 minutes of VR baduanjin exercise three times a week for 24 weeks. Both groups were assessed using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), the Rivermead behavioural memory test (second edition) (RBMT-Ⅱ), a digit-symbol substitution test (DSST) and the Trail Making Test (TMT). The short physical performance battery (SPPB) and Alzheimer′s disease quality of life (QOL-AD) instrument were also administered before and after the 24-week intervention. Results:After the intervention the average MoCA, RBMT-Ⅱ, DSST, TMT-A, SPPB and QOL-AD results of the observation group were all significantly better than before the intervention and better than the control group′s averages. The observation group also performed better on the 5 times sit-to-stand test, the tandem standing test and a walking speed test after the intervention.Conclusions:VR-based baduanjin practice can effectively improve the cognition and physical functioning of mildly impaired elderly persons, as well as improving their quality of life.

Objective To investigate the surgical methods and short-term effects of Internal-braceTM technology combined with modified Brostrom procedure for treatment of chronic ankle instability.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 17 patients with chronic ankle instability treated using the Internal-braceTM technology combined with modified Brostrom procedure from May 2015 to April 2016.There were 10 males and 7 females,at age of 24 and 36 years (mean,31.8 years).A left ankle injury occurred in 6 patients and a right ankle injury in 11 patients.Operation time,postoperative complications and incision healing was documented after operation.Ankle stability was tested using the anterior drawer test and lateral stress test,and ankle range of motion was detected.American orthopedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) score was used for postoperative efficacy evaluation.Results Operation time was 45 to 84 minutes (mean,64.5 minutes).None of the patients revealed neurological deficits after operation.All incisions healed by the first intension.Full weight bearing was started two weeks after operation.All patients were followed up for mean 3.5 months (range,1-6 months).At the final follow-up,both anterior drawer test and lateral stress test were negative.All patients had a normal range of motion of the ankle after operation.AOFAS score was increased from preoperative (36.2 ± 13.4)points to (91.2 ± 6.7) points at the final follow-up (P ＜ 0.01).According to the AOFAS score,the results were excellent in 15 patients and good in 2 patients,with the good rate of 100％.Conclusion For chronic ankle instability,Internal-braceTM technology comnbined with modified Brostrom procedure benefits wound healing and functional recovery,reduces incidence of complications and exhibits satisfactory short-term outcome.

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane on the expression of hippocampal ubiq-uitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1(UCH-L1)mRNA in aged rats. Methods Thirty-six pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 20 months, weighing 500-700 g, were divided into 2 groups using a ran-dom number table: control group(group C, n=12)and isoflurane group(group I, n=24). In group I, 2% isoflurane was continuously inhaled for 2 h. Twelve rats were selected at 24 and 72 h after stopping isoflurane inhalation(T1,2), and Y-maze test was performed to evaluate cognitive function. The animals were sacrificed after the end of Y-maze test and their hippocampi were removed for determination of UCH-L1 expression(by immuno-histochemistry)and UCH-L1 mRNA expression(by real-time polymerase chain reaction). Results Compared with group C, the total number of training achieving the standard was sig-nificantly increased at T1(P<001 or 005), and the expression of UCH-L1 mRNA was down-regulated, and no significant change was found at T2in group I(P>005). Conclusion The mechanism by which isoflurane induces cognitive decline may be related to down-regulating the expression of UCH-L1 mRNA in hippocampal tissues of aged rats.